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2022-2023学年度上学期期末考试高三年级英语试卷
听力部分
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题，每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的选项中选择最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What do we know about the woman?
A. She is fired. B. She didn’t work hard. C. She can take a day off tomorrow.
2. At what time does the second film start?
A. 6:45. B. 8:15. C. 8:20.
3. Where does the conversation take place?
A. In a bookstore. B. In a shop. C. In a restaurant.
4. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. Animals. B. Scars. C. Childhood.
5. What is the woman’s attitude towards the man’s plan?
A. Shocked. B. Envious. C. Disappointed.
第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟:听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What does the woman advise the man to do?
A. Have a rest. B. Do more exercise. C. Finish his paper.
7. What’s the man’s attitude towards mountain climbing?
A. It’s tough. B. It’s wonderful. C. It’s terrible.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. What is probably most important for the man?
A. Supporting his friend. B. Going to a fancy restaurant. C. Having dinner in a quiet place.
9. When will the speakers probably appear at the restaurant on Thursday?
A. At 6:00 p.m. B. At 8:00 p.m. C. At 10:00 p.m.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. When did the speakers’ parents get married?
A. 15 years ago. B. 30 years ago. C. 35 years ago.
11. What will the speakers do for the wedding anniversary?
A. Send their parents on a trip. B. Have a little wedding ceremony. C. Invite some new friends to a party.
12. Who will send out the invitation emails?
A. The man. B. The woman. C. Mom and Dad.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. Which of the following was J.K. Rowling’s first character?
A. A rabbit. B. Harry Potter. C. A diamond owner.
14. What did J.K. Rowling major in at university?
A. English. B. French. C. Literature.
15. Where did J.K. Rowling first have the idea for Harry Potter?
A. On a train to London. B. In Portugal. C. In Scotland.
16. Why didn’t J.K. Rowling use her full name?
A. She didn’t like her name.
B. Her grandmother didn’t approve.
C. The publisher wanted to attract young boys.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. Why does the speaker give this talk?
A. To introduce the guests.
B. To explain the change to the plan.
C. To make the procedure clear to the listeners.
18. How long will the question part last?
A. About one hour and a half. B. About one hour. C. About half an hour.
19. Who will talk about the future of the toy industry?
A. Sarah Smith. B. Robert Price. C. Kenji Nakamura.
20. What can we learn from the talk?
A. Lunch will be served in Victoria Hall.
B. People can enjoy tea and juice after 6 p. m.
C. Sally Connor will make a conclusion of the conference.
笔试部分
第一部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
The world has seen many inventions. While most people are proud of those connected with their names, there are things making inventors feel the other way.
The pop-up (弹出) advert, by Ethan Zuckerman
Pop-up ads are convenient for those who are interested, but most people get annoyed when they are on computers. They may contain computer viruses. Just as we would blame the inventor, the man humbly accepted his invention wasn’t one of the best. In his essay, Zuckerman wrote about the most hateful thing, “I wrote the code to launch the window and run an ad in it.”
The emoticon(表情符号), by Scott E. Fahlman
Emoticons began to occupy screens crazily in 2011 and gained great popularity, especially with young men. It had been four years since Fahlman first used a “smiley face” in a computer message. He created the emoticon as a joke marker. But things are different. “It has gone to places I don’t approve of,” he complained to The Wall Street Journal in 2013. “It shouldn’t have been created.”
The office cubicle (隔间), by Bob Propst
In 1968, Bob Propst came up with the idea of office cubicles, something that “would build a futuristic and tidy office style with no real walls or doors and provide a more comfortable environment”. But the man has come to hate what he has invented, as Propst recalled to Fortune at age 80, “They’ve changed and just become cubicles”.
The K-Cup, by John Sylvan
It seems everyone has a Keurig coffee maker for K-Cups. John Sylvan invented the K-Cup, aimed at facilitating office life of white-collar workers. Now it’s common in houses and companies. However, the single-serve plastic coffee cups aren’t eco-friendly. “I feel bad sometimes that I ever did it”, Sylvan admits. But! Good news for Mr. Sylvan: Keurig now offers varieties of recyclable K-Cups.
21. When was the emoticon invented?
A. In 2007. B. In 2009. C. In 2011. D. In 2013.
22. Which one was created for office workers’ convenience?
A. The K-Cup. B. The office cubicle. C. The emoticon. D. The pop-up advert.
23. What do the above inventions have in common?
A. They benefit human life greatly. B. Their inventors feel regretful.
C. They are very popular with young people. D. Their creators are blamed by the public.
B
Before my daughter, Evelyn, was born, I eagerly expected her first year of life. I imagined celebrating every milestone—bonding with her as a newborn, seeing her smile for the first time, hearing her say her first word. I didn’t think of feeding tubes, long hospital stays or an organ transplant(移植). For Evelyn, the first year included all and more.
Evelyn came into this world at just 34 weeks, weighing less than 3 pounds. Genetic testing revealed she had Alagille syndrome, a genetic disorder that can damage the liver, heart and other organs. Soon, we received the news that baby Evelyn needed a liver transplant. Our family moved nearer to UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh so that we were closer if a liver was available for Evelyn.
When Evelyn was added to the organ donation wait list, it was under the liver allocation(分配) policy in place at that time, which was map-based. This policy lacks any special consideration for transplant candidates. We were told it would likely take three months. Just then, a new policy for liver allocation was tried out. Under the new system, the sickest child patients get first priority. The new policy was only in effect for a little over a week. But in that period, Evelyn received her liver transplant. Had it been just one week earlier or later, we would not have received the call.
As Evelyn recovers from her transplant, we are grateful for the change. I am also sad, because the new policy was short-lived. That means another mom like me might not receive that phone call with good news.
Other children should have the same opportunity as Evelyn to live healthy, happy lives. When it comes to liver transplant policy, we can and must do better for children.
24. What probably happened to Evelyn shortly after she was born?
A. She failed to give a smile. B. She had psychological problems.
C. She had a serious liver failure. D. She suffered from a heart attack.
25. Why did the author’s family move nearer to the hospital?
A. To save time. B. To save money.
C. To see a doctor regularly. D. To get first priority.
26. What does the author mean by the underlined sentence?
A. Her daughter is fortunate. B. They waited too long.
C. The effect of the new policy was uncertain. D. Evelyn is healthy now.
27. What does the author want to express in the last paragraph?
A. We must guarantee kids have healthy livers. B. The sickest kids should get liver transplants first.
C. Children are the most important. D. Kids should have chances of a liver transplant.
C
Napping(小睡) may be part of life for most of us. However, some countries where daytime naps have long been part of the culture, such as Spain, now discourage the habit. Meanwhile, some companies in the US now promote napping as a way to boost productivity. “It’s important to try to reveal the biological pathways that contribute to the reason why we nap,” says Dashti from Harvard Medical School.
Previously, co-senior author Richa Sexena at Massachusetts General Hospital(MGH) and his colleagues used many databases of genetic and lifestyle information to study other aspects of sleep. To gain a better understanding of the genetics of napping, they performed a genome(基因组)-wide association study (GWAS), which involves rapid scanning of complete sets of DNA of a large number of people.
For this study, the researchers used data from the UK Biobank, which includes genetic information from 452,633 people. All the participants were asked to classify their naps during the day as “never/ rarely”, “sometimes” or “usually”. The GWAS identified 123 regions in the human genome connected with daytime napping. Then the participants wore activity monitors called accelerometers, which can provide data about daytime napping. This data also showed that the self-reports about napping were accurate.
Several other features of this study bolster(巩固) its results. For example, the researchers obtained similar findings in an analysis of the genomes of 541,333 people collected by 23andMe, a consumer genetic-testing company. Also, a significant number of the genes near or at regions identified by the GWAS are already known to play a role in sleep.
The team also identified at least three potential mechanisms(机制) that promote napping. Some people need more shut-eye than others. A daytime nap can help make up for poor-quality sleep the night before. People who rise early may “catch up” on sleep with a nap. “This tells us that daytime napping is biologically driven and not just an environmental or behavioral choice,” says Dashti. Some of these mechanisms are linked to health concerns, such as a large waistline and increased blood pressure, though more research on those associations is needed.
28. What did the researchers at MGH focus on in their new study?
A. The causes of long napping time.
B. The benefits of napping frequently.
C. The genes contributing to poor sleeping quality.
D. The reasons behind the napping habit.
29. Why did the researchers use the activity monitors?
A. To study the database more efficiently. B. To find the cause of genetic variation.
C. To guarantee the accuracy of the self-reports. D. To explore how the participants feel after the naps.
30. What can we know from the text?
A. American companies encourage napping to make people feel at ease.
B. The subjects of the GWAS come from 123 regions.
C. It is easier to have a nap by shutting eyes.
D. Napping has something to do with one’s biological factors.
31. According to Dashti, what will the researchers study next?
A. The ways to help people sleep better.
B. The connection between some health problems and the three mechanisms.
C. The impact of environment on people’s napping choice.
D. The causes of and solutions to some health concerns.
D
What may well be the oldest metal coins in the world have been identified at an ancient abandoned city known as Guanzhuang in China. Like many Bronze Age(青铜时代) coins from the region, they were cast in the shape of spades(铲) with finely carved handles. These ancient coins existed during an in-between period between barter(以物易物) and money, when coins were a novel concept, but everybody knew that agricultural tools were valuable.
Reading about this incredible discovery, I kept thinking about the way modern people represent computer networks by describing machines as having “addresses”, like a house. We also talk about one computer using a “port” to send information to another computer, as if the data were a floating boat with destination. It’s as if we are in the Bronze Age of information technology, grasping desperately for real-world reference to transform our civilization.
Now consider what happened to spade coins. Over centuries. metalworkers made these coins into more abstract shapes. Some became almost human figures. Others’ handles were reduced to small half-circles. As spade coins grew more abstract. people carved them with number values and the locations where they were made. They became more like modern coins, flat and covered in writing. Looking at one of these later pieces, you would have no idea that they were once intended to look like a spade.
This makes me wonder if we will develop an entirely new set of symbols that allow us to interact with our digital information more smoothly.
Taking spade coins as our guide, we can guess that far-future computer networks will no longer contain any recognizable references to houses. But they still might bring some of the ideas we associate with home to our mind. In fact, computer networks—if they still exist at all—are likely to be almost the indispensable part of our houses and cities, their sensors inset(嵌入) with walls and roads. Our network addresses might actually be the same as our street addresses. If climate change leads to floods, our mobile devices might look more like boats than phones, assisting us to land.
My point is that the metaphors(比喻) of the information age aren’t random. Mobile devices do offer us comfort after a long day at work. In some sense, our desire to settle on the shores of data lakes could change the way we understand home, as well as how we build computers. So as we cast our minds forward, we have to think about what new abstractions will go along with our information technology. Perhaps the one thing we count on is that humans will still appreciate the comforts of home.
32. Why were many Bronze Age coins made into the shape of a spade?
A. These coins also served as agricultural tools. B. This stylish design made the coins valuable.
C. A lot of emphasis was put on agriculture. D. The handles made the coins easily exchanged.
33. Why does the author relate computers to spade coins?
A. To show they both used to be new concepts when first invented.
B. To highlight their same importance in our civilizational transformation.
C. To suggest computers will experience dramatic changes as coins did.
D. To explain abstract digital worlds are different from concrete coins.
34. What does the underlined word “indispensable” in Paragraph 5 probably mean?
A. Flexible. B. Wasteful. C. Essential. D. Alternative.
35. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A. How Agriculture Loses to Digital Industry
B. What Coins and Computers Bring Us
C. What Bronze Age and Information Age Have In Common
D. What Ancient Money Tells Us About the Future Digital World
第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
This summer, as the capital of England became warmer than before, there has been many stories from people experiencing odd insect bites. 36
37 And, as the Space song said, the females of these species are more deadly than the males, being the ones that seek out animal blood as extra nutrition for their eggs. Mosquitoes are more secret attacker, biting us very precisely with their needle-shar
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