状语从句19组内公开课.pptx

Teaching aims处理各种状语从句的语法重点及考试热点状语从句的时态问题状语从句的倒装问题状语从句的省略现象状语从句与其他句式的辨析（名词从句，并列句，强调句型）九九种种常常用用的的状状语语从从句句时间状语从句时间状语从句地点状语从句地点状语从句原因状语从句原因状语从句条件状语从句条件状语从句目的状语从句目的状语从句结果状语从句结果状语从句方式状语从句方式状语从句让步状语从句让步状语从句比较状语从句比较状语从句 准确掌握每一个准确掌握每一个连连词的含义词的含义是掌握状是掌握状语从句的关键。语从句的关键。同时要注意同时要注意时间、时间、条件条件状语从句主从状语从句主从句的时态。句的时态。即：即：主主将从现将从现（一）时间状语从句（一）时间状语从句由下列连词引导：由下列连词引导：when,while,as,whenever,before,after,once,till,until,as soon as,hardly/scarcelywhen,no soonerthan一些表示时间的副词一些表示时间的副词(短语短语)或名词短语也可引导时间状语或名词短语也可引导时间状语从句从句:directly,instantly,immediately;by the time;the moment,the second,the minute,the instant,the year,the week,the day;every time,each time,next time,the last time等等注意注意:时态一致，一般情况下主句是将来时的时候，从句时态一致，一般情况下主句是将来时的时候，从句要用现在时。要用现在时。高考热点高考热点1:1.(11浙江浙江)One Friday,we were packing to leave for a weekend away _ my daughter heard cries for help.A.when B.while C.after D.before2.(10全国全国)Tom was about to close the window _ his attention was caught by a bird.A.if B.and C.tillD.when3.(06辽宁辽宁)We were on the point of discussing financial investment_ the telephone rang unexpectedly A.while B.as C.when D.onceA AD DC Csb was doing sth when sb was about to do/going to do/on the point of doing sth when sb had just done sth when I was thinking of this when I heard my name called.He was on the point of leaving when someone knocked at the door.We had just fallen asleep when the bell rang.4.(11福建福建)It was April 29,2011_ Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.A.Before B.when C.since D.before5.(05上海上海)He transplanted the little tree to the garden _ it was the best time for it.A.that B.when C.before D.untilB BB B6.（12全国大纲）全国大纲）I had hardly got to the office _ my wife phoned me to go back home at once.A.when B.than C.until D.after A A连接词连接词when的用法小结的用法小结1.when引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词可以是持续性动作，也可引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词可以是持续性动作，也可以是表短暂性动作的动词。主句与从句的动作或事情可以同时发生以是表短暂性动作的动词。主句与从句的动作或事情可以同时发生也可以先后发生。也可以先后发生。2.表示表示“正在正在/要做某事，这时突然要做某事，这时突然”相当于相当于“and just at this/that time”。3.在在情形下，情形下，既然既然 It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could easily walk there in five minutes.(2013年高考英语安徽卷)23.Its much easier to make friends _ you have similar interests.A.unless B.when C.even thoughD.so thatB(2013年高考英语安徽卷)23.Its much easier to make friends _ you have similar interests.A.unless B.when C.even thoughD.so that2012南京二模It cost much to have broken the law.I wonder why she stole things_she could easily afford them.A when B.unless C.in case D.so thatA高考热点高考热点2:1.（12四川）四川）At school,some students are active _ some are shy,yet they can be good friends with one another.A.while B.although C.so D.as2.（08四川）四川）In some places women are expected to earn money _ men work at home and raise their children.A.while B.until C.when D.before3._ all of them are strong candidates,only one will be chosen for the post.(11陕西陕西)A.Since B.As C.While D.IfA AA AC C4._ I always felt I would pass the exam,I never thought I would get an A.（12海南）海南）A.While B.Once C.IfD.Until5.Are you ready for Spain?-Yes,I want the girls to experience that _ they are young.(08上海卷上海卷)A.while B.until C.if D.beforeA AA A1.表表“在某一段时间里在某一段时间里”、“在在期间期间”、“趁着趁着”,强调从句动作的延续性。强调从句动作的延续性。Please dont interfere with others while they are working.Strike while the iron is hot.趁热打铁。趁热打铁。(谚谚)2.表示对比、对照关系表示对比、对照关系,意为意为“而而;却却”；一般位于句中。；一般位于句中。Some people waste food while others go hungry.有些人浪费粮食有些人浪费粮食,而有些人却在挨饿。而有些人却在挨饿。3.表示让步表示让步,意为意为“尽管尽管;虽然虽然”；通常位于句首。；通常位于句首。While he loves his students,he is very strict with them.虽然他爱他的学生虽然他爱他的学生,可是他对学生们很严格。可是他对学生们很严格。连接词连接词while的用法小结的用法小结 as,when,while的用法区别的用法区别1while引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词必须是可延续的，引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词必须是可延续的，而而when引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词是可延续的，也引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词是可延续的，也可以是表短暂性动作的动词。从句动作可发生在主句动作可以是表短暂性动作的动词。从句动作可发生在主句动作前、后或同时发生。前、后或同时发生。I want the girls to experience that while/when they are young.When I stopped my car,a man came up to me.2如表示从句的动作在主句的动作如表示从句的动作在主句的动作“之前之前”或或“之后之后”发生时，只能用发生时，只能用when引导这个从句，不可用引导这个从句，不可用as或或while。When you have finished your work,you may have a rest.(不可用不可用while)3表示表示“一边一边.，一边，一边.”“随着随着”，连词用，连词用as，不，不用用when或或while。He looked behind from time to time as he went.As time goes on,its getting warmer and warmer.随着时间的推移，天气变得越来越暖了。随着时间的推移，天气变得越来越暖了。他一边走一边朝后看。他一边走一边朝后看。高考热点高考热点3:1.Mary rushed home _ she heard the news,only _ that her hubby passed away.A.as soon as,finding B.directly,to find C.moment,to find D.when,found2.I thought her nice and honest _ I met her.A.first time B.for the first time C.the first timeD.by the first timeB BC C=I thought her nice and honest when I met her for the first time.小结：小结：1.the moment,the minute,the instant,the second immediately,directly,instantly hardly/scarcelywhen,no soonerthan 如果如果hardly或或no sooner或或scarcely置于句首，句子必须用置于句首，句子必须用部分倒装结构。部分倒装结构。I had hardly got home when it began to rain.Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.-Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?-Yes,I gave her the moment I saw her.引导时间状语引导时间状语从句，相当从句，相当于于as soon as2一些含有一些含有time的名词短语，如的名词短语，如every time,each time,next time,the first time,the last time,by the time等，以及等，以及the day,the year,the morning等，也可引导一个时间状语等，也可引导一个时间状语从句。从句。注意：名词短语起连词作用，名词前不能加介词注意：名词短语起连词作用，名词前不能加介词 The day he returned home,his father was already dead.Each time he came to town,he would visit our school.高考热点高考热点4:1.Was his father very strict with him when he was at school?Yes.He had never praised him _ he became one of the top students in his grade.(03北京春北京春)A.after B.unless C.until D.when2.It was very difficult for us to learn a lesson in life _ weve actually had that in life.(07天津天津)A.when B.since C.after D.until 3.It was not _ she took off her dark glasses _ I realized she was a famous film star.A.when;that B.until;that C.until;when D.when;thenC CD DB Buntil与与till及及 notuntil/till的用法的用法 1.until/till引导时间状语从句用于引导时间状语从句用于肯定句肯定句时，时，主句的动主句的动词是延续性词是延续性动词，表示动作或状态一直持续到动词，表示动作或状态一直持续到until/till所所表示的时间，意为表示的时间，意为“直到直到为止为止”。表示。表示延续动作的终点延续动作的终点 用于用于否定句否定句时，结构为时，结构为not until,主句谓语动词是短主句谓语动词是短暂性暂性动词，意为动词，意为“直到直到才才”。表示表示该短暂性动作的起该短暂性动作的起点。点。He waited until/till we finished our meal.I didnt leave there until/till she came back.2.从句位于句首仅用从句位于句首仅用until Until he told me,I knew nothing about it.他告诉我了我他告诉我了我才知道。才知道。他一直等到我们吃完饭。他一直等到我们吃完饭。直到她回来，我才离开的。直到她回来，我才离开的。3notuntil句型中的倒装和强调说法。句型中的倒装和强调说法。直到这位大明星摘下墨镜，我才认出她。直到这位大明星摘下墨镜，我才认出她。I didnt realize she was a famous film star until/till she took off her dark glasses.Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star.It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.高考热点高考热点5:1.John thinks it wont be long _ he is ready for his new job.(10陕西陕西)A.after B.when C.before D.since2.Why didnt you tell him about the meeting?(06四川四川)He rushed out of the room _ I could say a word.A.before B.untilC.whenD.after3.As is reported,it is 100 years_ Qinghua University was founded.(2011 四川四川)A.since B.before C.when D.after 4.That was really a splendid evening.Its years_ I enjoyed myself so much.A.when B.that C.before D.since C CA AA AD D连接词连接词before的小结的小结：一、含义一、含义1 We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.2 We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired.3 Please write it down before you forget it.4Before I could get in a word,he had measured me.“才才”“不到不到就就”“趁趁”“还没来得及还没来得及”二句型二句型 1）It will be/was一一段时间段时间before “要过多久才要过多久才/过了多久才过了多久才”It will be two years before he leaves the country.2）It will not be/was not一段时间一段时间before “不多久就不多久就/没过多久就没过多久就”It wasnt long before he told me about the news.(2013年高考英语湖南卷)23You must learn to consult your feelings and your reason_you reach any decision.Aalthough Bbefore Cbecause DunlessB(2013年高考英语湖南卷)23You must learn to consult your feelings and your reason_you reach any decision.Aalthough Bbefore Cbecause Dunless since 引导的从句引导的从句It is/has been+一段时间一段时间+since 如果从句的谓语动词是如果从句的谓语动词是 短暂性动词的过去式短暂性动词的过去式(did)，则表示，则表示“自从该动作开始以来自从该动作开始以来”；延续性动词或状态的动词的过去时时延续性动词或状态的动词的过去时时(did)，则表示，则表示“该动作或该动作或状态已状态已 经结束经结束”，从句意思是否定的；，从句意思是否定的；延续性动词的完成时态延续性动词的完成时态(have/has done)，则表示，则表示“该动作和状态该动作和状态延续延续”，从句意思是肯定的。，从句意思是肯定的。I havent heard from him since he lived here.自从他这里搬走，我就没有收到他的信。自从他这里搬走，我就没有收到他的信。Its three years since I was in the army.我退伍已三年了。我退伍已三年了。Its three years since I have been in the army.=Its three years since I joined the army.我入伍已我入伍已三年了三年了。（不在服役了）（不在服役了）（在服役）（在服役）（不住在这儿了）（不住在这儿了）It is 100 years since Qinghua University was founded.（二）地点状语从句（二）地点状语从句引导地点状语从句的连词是引导地点状语从句的连词是where 和和wherever等等。Youd better make a mark where you have any questions 哪儿有问题，你最好在哪儿做个记号。哪儿有问题，你最好在哪儿做个记号。Where there is a will,there is a way.有志者，事竟成有志者，事竟成。Sit down wherever you like.你喜欢坐哪儿就坐哪儿。你喜欢坐哪儿就坐哪儿。Everything was placed exactly _he wanted it for the graduation ceremony.（12天津）天津）A.while B.when C.where D.though _ unemployment and crime are high,it can be assumed that the latter is due to the former.(09江苏江苏)A.Before B.Where C.Unless D.UntilC CB B高考链接：高考链接：原因状语从句是表示原因或理由的原因状语从句是表示原因或理由的。由由 because(因为因为),since(既既然然),now(that)(既然既然),as(由于由于),considering that(顾及到顾及到),seeing that(由于由于)/given(that)等连词引导等连词引导,但在语气上一个比一个弱。但在语气上一个比一个弱。（三）原因状语从句（三）原因状语从句because 语气最强，表示直接原因，常表示必然的因果语气最强，表示直接原因，常表示必然的因果关系，引导的原因状语从句是全句意思的重心。关系，引导的原因状语从句是全句意思的重心。用于回答用于回答why的提问、引导表语从句、强调句的提问、引导表语从句、强调句,可与强可与强调词调词only,just连用连用,但不可以与但不可以与so连用。连用。-Why didnt you phone me last night?-Because I didnt want to disturb you.You shouldnt get angry just because some people speak ill of you.It was because I didnt want to disturb you that I didnt phone you last night.WhyjustIt was that since(既然既然)：一般表示大家已知的事实，语气比：一般表示大家已知的事实，语气比 because弱弱,常置于常置于句首句首。as(由于由于)：表示不言而喻、显而易见的的原因，语气：表示不言而喻、显而易见的的原因，语气 最弱。一般放在句首，有时也可放在句末。最弱。一般放在句首，有时也可放在句末。Since/Now that no one is against it,lets carry out the plan.既然没人反对，让我们实施这一计划吧。既然没人反对，让我们实施这一计划吧。for是个并列连词，只能放在另一个并列句后面，且用是个并列连词，只能放在另一个并列句后面，且用逗号逗号隔开隔开，表示推理或解释，或用作附加说明。，表示推理或解释，或用作附加说明。She must have cried,for her eyes are red.她一定哭过了，她眼睛红的。她一定哭过了，她眼睛红的。Given that they are inexperienced,they have done a good job.在缺乏经验的情况下，他们的工作已经做得不错了。在缺乏经验的情况下，他们的工作已经做得不错了。1.Did you return Freds call?I didnt need to _ Ill see him tomorrow.(08北京卷北京卷)A.though B.unless C.when D.because 2.He found it increasingly difficult to read,_ his eyesight was beginning to fail.06北京卷北京卷 A.and B.for C.but D.orD DB B（四）条件状语从句（四）条件状语从句条件状语从句分为真实条件句和非真实条件句。条件状语从句分为真实条件句和非真实条件句。表示条件的状语从句可以由表示条件的状语从句可以由if（如果）（如果）,unless（除非）（除非）,in case（如果（如果/万一）万一）,so/as long as（只要）（只要）,on condition that（条（条件是件是）,suppose/supposing/providing/provided/assuming(that)/given(that)（假设（假设)等词或词组引导。等词或词组引导。1.If you leave at 6 oclock tomorrow morning,youd better get to bed now.2.As/So long as we dont lose heart,well find a way to overcome the difficulty.4.On condition that we dont lose heart,well find a way to overcome the difficulty.5.Only if we dont lose heart will we find a way to overcome the difficulty.只要我们不灰心，我们就能找到克服困难的方法。只要我们不灰心，我们就能找到克服困难的方法。一般情况下当主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般现在一般情况下当主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般现在时。时。倒装倒装will we findunless=if not Hell accept the job unless the salary is too low.Hell accept the job if the salary is not too low.他会接受这项工作的，除非薪水太少他会接受这项工作的，除非薪水太少(如果薪水不太少的话如果薪水不太少的话)。suppose/supposing(that)providing/provided(that)assuming(that)given(that)Suppose/Supposing we cant get enough food,what shall we do?假设我们弄不到足够的食物，那我们怎么办？假设我们弄不到足够的食物，那我们怎么办？Given that he supports us,well win the election.如果他支持我们，我们就会赢得选举如果他支持我们，我们就会赢得选举=if(2013年高考英语北京卷)30.I took my driving license with me on holiday,_ I wanted to hire a car.A.in case B.even if C.ever since D.if onlyA(2013年高考英语重庆卷)25._ we have enough evidence,we cant win the case.A.OnceB.As long as C.Unless D.SinceC1.-Shall we have our picnic tomorrow?-_it doesnt rain.(09山东卷山东卷)A.Until B.While C.Once D.If2.I have a tight budget for the trip,so Im not going to fly _ the airlines lower ticket prices.(12上海上海)A.once B.if C.after D.unless3.You may use the room as you like _ you clean it up afterwards.(09北京卷北京卷)A.so far as B.so long as C.in case D.even if4.（12江西）江西）You can borrow my car you promise not to drive too fast.A.unless B.even ifC.in caseD.as long as5._ you eat the correct foods _ be able to keep fit and stay healthy.(08江苏卷江苏卷)A.Only if;will you B.Only if;you will C.Unless;will you D.Unless;you willD DD D unless 相当于相当于 if not，意思，意思是是“除非除非”“如果不如果不就就”。B BD DA A only if 引导的条件引导的条件状语从句位于句首，状语从句位于句首，主句需倒装主句需倒装。（五）目的状语从句（五）目的状语从句由下列连词引导：由下列连词引导：so that,in order that,for fear that 唯恐唯恐/生怕生怕/为了防止为了防止,in case 以防以防(万一万一)so that,in order that引导的目的状语从句中常需用情态动词。引导的目的状语从句中常需用情态动词。我们很早出发以便能看到日出。我们很早出发以便能看到日出。We set out early so that we could see the sunrise.In order that we could see the sunrise,we set out early.for fear that引导的状语从句谓语动词一般用引导的状语从句谓语动词一般用“should+动词动词原形原形”结构，或省略结构，或省略should，表示忧虑，本身带有否定意义，表示忧虑，本身带有否定意义，in case引导的目的状语从句常用陈述语气。引导的目的状语从句常用陈述语气。We hid behind the bushes for fear that passers-by should see us.我们躲在丛林中唯恐过路人看见。我们躲在丛林中唯恐过路人看见。Please remind me of it again tomorrow in case I forget.明天请再次提醒我以防我忘了。明天请再次提醒我以防我忘了。Leave your key with your neighbor_ you lock yourself out one day.（12辽宁）辽宁）A.as long as B.even though C.in case D.as if Hes working hard for fear that he _.A.should fall behind B.fell behind C.may fall behind D.would fallen behindA AC C连接词连接词“for fear that”可以用来引导虚拟语气。其形可以用来引导虚拟语气。其形式通常为：式通常为：“for fear that+主语主语+should+动词原动词原形形”，should可以省去。可以省去。I will not make a noise for fear that I(should)disturb you.我不会做声的，以免打扰你。我不会做声的，以免打扰你。高考链接：高考链接：（六）结果状语从句（六）结果状语从句 结果状语从句是表示事态结果的从句结果状语从句是表示事态结果的从句,通常主句是原因通常主句是原因,从句是结果。由从句是结果。由so/such that,so that等引导。等引导。so/such that注意点：注意点：so+adj/adv+that such(a/an+adj)+n+that so+adj+a/an+n+that =such a/an+adj+n/that so many/much/few/little(少少)+n+thatsuch+(adj)+n.(u/pl)+that He was so excited that he couldnt help jumping.他兴奋得忍不住跳了起来。他兴奋得忍不住跳了起来。It was such a terrible accident that few people survived.It was so terrible an accident that few people survived.那是一起可怕的事故，几乎没有人幸存。那是一起可怕的事故，几乎没有人幸存。She was so seriously ill that she didnt attend the meeting.He has so few friends that he often feels lonely.他朋友很少，所以经常感到孤独。他朋友很少，所以经常感到孤独。I had so little money then that I couldnt afford a little present.我当时囊中羞涩连一份小小礼物都买不起我当时囊中羞涩连一份小小礼物都买不起The book was written in such simple English that we could understand it easily.这本书是用很简单的英语写的，我这本书是用很简单的英语写的，我们能很容易地理解。们能很容易地理解。so或或such置于句首时，主句常倒装置于句首时，主句常倒装(部分倒装部分倒装)。He was so excited that he couldnt help jumping.=So excited was he that he couldnt help jumping.She spoke so loudly that every one in the big hall can hear her.=So loudly did she speak that every one in the big hall can hear her.1.The weather was so cold _ I didnt like to leave my room.2.Peter was so excited _he received an invitation from his friend to visit Chongqing.（09重庆卷）重庆卷）A.where B.that C.why D.whenB BD D注意以上结构与定语从句注意以上结构与定语从句so/suchas的区别。的区别。This is such an interesting/so interesting a film _ everyone wants to see it.This is such an interesting/so interesting a film _ everyone wants to see.thatthatas as注意结构和语境注意结构和语境（七）方式状语从句（七）方式状语从句方式状语从句常由方式状语从句常由as,as if(though),the way等引导。等引导。Do in Rome as the Romans do.入乡随俗入乡随俗 Leave things as they are.让一切顺其自然。让一切顺其自然。Do it the way you were told to.教你怎样做就怎样做。教你怎样做就怎样做。He treats me as if I