法律英语合同中常见单词总结与解析模板.docx

My Vocabulary Briefing in Legal English

同一词语一般用语与法律用语意义不一样对比

单词
一般词义
法律词义
备注
accord
符合、 一致
和解或和解协议
reach an accord/accord and satisfaction
acquire
取得、 获取
对企业购置、 收购
Acquisition~M&A
act/action
行为、 行动
作为、 诉讼
Act~forbear/initiate an action
agent
代理人、 代理商
商业代理
（非商业用proxy）
attach
依附、 粘贴
扣押（财产）
Attach the property/attachment order
bind
包扎、 粘合
约束
Bind sb. to sth./to do sth.
call
呼叫、 召集
催促推行义务、 催款
Notice of call
composition
作文、 结构
和解协议
债务人与债权人~settlement agreement
contribution
贡献、 捐赠
出资
Registered capital contribution
custom
风俗、 通例
通例法、 Customs海关
Custom and usage(通例、 习惯法)customs declaration. Customs duty
distress
悲痛、 贫困; 使悲痛、 使贫困
扣押物
Abuse the distress滥用扣押物。Distress sale 扣押物出售
future
未来
Futures期货; 期货协议
Futures sales; futures contract; futures market
grace
慈悲、 恩惠
宽限期
Day of grace; grace period
Honor
荣誉、 信誉
对票据承兑
Honor a bill
infant
婴儿
未成年人（minor）
The contract made by an infant
limitation
限制
时效
Lapse of limitation
promotion
推广
提议设置（企业）
Incorporation by promotion
realize
实现
财产变现
Realize the security; unrealized profit;
receivable
可接收
应收
Schedule of accounts receivable; bills receivable; amount receivable.
retain
保留、 保持
聘用（律师、 顾问等）
Retain an attorney
royalty
皇族、 高贵
知识产权使用费
Royalty bonus; royalty interest; royalty tax
satisfaction
满足
清偿或推行
Satisfaction by legacy; satisfaction of judgment; satisfaction of lien.
survive
幸存
继续有效
This clause shall survive the termination…

同一意义正式与非正式表示

单词
相当于
例句
affect
influence
affect its right
Construe/construction
Interpret/interpretation
A waiver shall not be construed as…
Construction of the contract
determine
Decide(法律英语中表示判决、 裁决)
It shall be determined with reference to…
The court decided that the litigation fee…
Due to
Because of
The contract was terminated due to…
Exclusive of
excluding
All rates quoted herein are exclusive of tax.
In accordance with
According to
类似词组pursuant to, in pursuance with
forthwith
immediately
It shall forthwith notify the other party…
Provided that
but
略
Real property
Real estate
范围更广些, 除土地及隶属建筑和房屋还有其她隶属多种权益
undertake
promise
Undertake to do
As of
since
This contract shall take effect as of the said date …
Comply with
Abide by/observe/follow
Failure to comply with the regulations can result…
Deem(be deemed to)
believe
…shall be deemed to be the consent of …
Intend to
Wish to

In the event/case that
if

interim
temporary
Regular meetings and interim meetings
notwithstanding
Though/although

一词多义:

Advise
　　释义: advise在法律英语中有两个常见意思:
　　①律师等法律工作者提供法律提议, 如
　　The partner of the law firm advised the Manager on various specialist legal issues。
　　该律师事务所合作人就多种专业法律问题向经理提出了法律提议。
　　②通知, 相当于notify或inform, 如
　　The use of advise in the sense of “inform, notify,” was restricted to business correspondence and legal contexts. Thus one may say the suspects were advised of their rights, but it would be considered pretentious to say you’d better advise your friends that the date of the picnic has been changed。
advise 表示“通知, 通知”这种使用方法局限地用于商业往来及法律情况。所以能够说嫌疑犯被通知她们所含有权利, 不过你最好通知你好友, 野餐日期有所改变, 这种说法被认为是做作。

Deposit
　　释义: deposit在法律英语中通常最常见意思有两个:
　　①存款, 这是她在一般英语和法律英语都很常见意思, 既可作名词也可作动词, 如
　　He has a deposit of 10,000yuan in ICBC。她在工商银行有1万元存款。
　　People tend to deposit their idle money in the bank。大家喜爱把不用钱存到银行。
　　②定金, 确保金, 相当于earnest money。依据中国协议法, 缴纳定金方违约, 定金不予返还, 接收定金方违约, 应该双方返还定金。如
　　The shop undertook to keep the goods for me provided that I paid a deposit.
商店答应, 倘若我付定金就给我保留这批货。

Discharge
　　释义: discharge在法律英语中常见含义有两个:
　　①推行, 侧重于对具体义务推行, 相当于fulfill, 如
　　He discharged his obligations after the call of the creditors。
　　她在债权人督促下, 才推行了自己义务。
　　②免去, 即免去她人义务或债务。
　　His liability to pay the loan to the bank was discharged due to his bankruptcy。
　　她对银行借款偿还义务因其破产而免去。
从上面两个例子能够看出, discharge两个含义是截然相反, 所以, 我们在了解和翻译它含义时, 应该放到上下文中, 不能望文生义。通常来说, 假如主语是自己（如例证1）, 就了解为推行, 动作由他人发出（如例证2）, 则了解为免去。

draft
释义: draft在法律英语中通常有两个含义, 一个是起草, 如draft a law起草法律, draft a contract起草合相同。另一个意思是汇票, 如承兑汇票也能够是honor a draft, 开具汇票能够说是issue a draft等。

execute
释义: execute是法律英语中常见也是比较轻易犯错单词, 通常了解为协议签署等。如the contract shall take effect upon its execution 协议自签署之日起生效。很多人轻易把它了解为实施, 这是错误。但execution确有实施、 推行意思, 假如它与表示一段时间状语连用, 那肯定是实施、 推行意思, 如in the course of the execution of the contract在协议推行过程中。

issue
释义: issue意思是签发, 如issue an order签发命令, issue a notice签发通知, issue stock发行证券, issue a draft开具汇票等。用作名词时, 意思是争点、 争议点, 即当事人之间相关事实或法律争议事项, 如issue at/in law 法律上争点, issue of fact实际上争点等。

representation
释义: representation在法律英语中有两个含义, 一是代表, 如representation by counsel由律师代表, 一个是陈说, 通常和warranty连用, 出现在协议中, representation and warranty为协议“陈说与确保条款”。

underwrite
释义:underwrite在法律英语中有两个常见含义, 一是承保、 给…保险, 如underwrite the goods in transit为运输途中货物承保, 另外一个意思是证券承销、 报销, 如underwriting agreement证券承销协议, underwriting spread承销差价等。

settlement
释义: settlement在法律英语中常见含义是和解, 如reach a settlement达成和解, settlement out of court庭外和解。另外, settlement也可作账目结算, 如settlement of an account账目结算, settlement date交割日等。

term
释义: term在法律英语中有两个常见含义, 一是期限, 如term of office任期, term of the contract 协议使用期, 另外一个是条件, 如term of the purchase购置条件, terms and conditions条件及条款等。

withdraw
释义: withdraw有两个常见意思, 一是支取、 提款, 如withdraw money from the bank从银行提款, 另一个意思是撤回、 撤销, 如withdraw an offer撤回邀约, withdraw a charge撤回指控, withdraw from criminal activities推出犯罪活动等。

withhold
　　 释义: withhold在法律英语中有两个常见含义, 一是扣付, 如withhold tax代扣税款, 另外一个是拒绝（公开、 给予等）, 如withhold consent不一样意, withhold sentence不予判刑等。

习常使用方法

joint and several
释义: joint and several是一个常见词组, 意思是连带, 如joint (and several ) liability连带责任, 又如a warranty, representation, undertaking, indemnity, covenant or agreement on the part of two or more persons binds them jointly and severally.两人或两人以上对其所作确保、 陈说、 承诺、 赔偿、 约定或协议负有连带责任。

null and void
　　释义: void意思是无效, 常常和null连用, 即null and void无效, 如an act in conflict of law shall be null and void与法律冲突行为无效。Void contract无效协议, void marriage无效婚姻, void legacy无效遗嘱, void release无效弃权等。