高级英语复习笔记.doc

高级英语复习笔记
Lesson one: Rock Superstars: What Do They Tell Us about Ourselves and Our Society?
1. Rock Superstars 摇滚乐超级明星
rock : rock music , rock ' n ' roll ( or : rock and roll )摇滚乐
早期摇滚乐是源于美国民歌( folk )爵士乐( jazz )勃鲁斯歌曲(blues)等一个音乐,其特征是具 有强烈节奏 ( rhythm )单纯旋律 ( melody )一再重复歌词和音符后拍音 ( after beat )
2. Rock is the music of teenage rebellion .摇滚乐是青少年反叛音乐
a. teenage adj. pertaining to a teenager ( 13 至 19 岁 ) 青少年.
其名词形式为teenager: (13至19岁青少年).
b. rebellion : resistance to or defiance of any authority 造反,反派.
如; a rebellion against old traditions 对旧传统反叛.
3. By a man’s heroes ye shall know him. 你将从一个人崇敬英雄得知其人.
a.这句句子句型与英语中常说 judge a man by the company he keeps(以一个人所交朋友断定其为人)很相同.
b. ye = you 用于古英语或诗歌中,是第二人称代词thou复数. 如:
Ye are the salt of the earth .你们是社会中坚. (出自<<圣经>>)
4. '' Midnight Rambler
ramble : walk for pleasure漫游,既可表动词,也可作名词.
如; They rambled through the woods.他们在林中漫步.
5. ... he said, '' Grabs a half-gallon jug of water and runs along the front platform, sprinkling its contents over the first rows of sweltering listeners ... ''
a. grab : to seize suddenly , eagerly , or roughly ; snatch 急抓,夺取.
如: He jumped up from the table, grabbed his hat and ran out of the door.
他从桌子旁跳了起来,抓起自己帽子,奔出门去.
另外,grab后面能够跟其余名词或名词短语. 如:
grab a shower快速冲了澡,
grab a sandwich,胡乱吃了一个三明治,
grab a taxi 赶搭出租车.
有时,还能够作不及物动词. 如:
He grabbed at the opportunity of going abroad. 他设法抓住这次出国机会 b. sprinkle : to scatter drops or particles of water , powder or the like on 洒液体,撒粉末等(于......上). 如:
They sprinkled ashes on the icy sidewalk .他们在积水溜滑人行道上撒了灰.
We sprinkle the lawn every day .我们天天给草坪洒水.
以'' sprinkling ''引导短语是动词 '' - ing '' 形式做伴随状语. 再如:
They stood there , watching the basketball .他们站在那里,观看篮球比赛.
6. They surge to follow him, eager to be touched by a few baptismal drops.
a. surge : to move or swell forward in or like waves 如波涛汹涌而至.
A crowd surged out of the theater .观众从剧院里蜂拥而出.
b. 以形容词'' eager ''引导不定式词组在语法功效上起着并列分句作用.
7. Some 14,000 screaming fans were crunching up to the front of the stage at Capital Center...
a. some : ( before a number ) approximately , about (在数字前)大约.
如: some twenty students大约20个学生.
b. scream to make a loud , sharp cry 尖声大叫.
'' screaming ''是动词 scream '' - ing ''形式作前置修饰语, '' screaming fans '' 意为"尖声大叫歌迷"
c. crunch : to proceed with a crushing noise嘎吱嘎吱地往前.
如: The children crunched through the snow .孩子们嘎吱嘎吱地踩着雪走.
8. I ought to be crawling on my knees.
a. crawled : to move with the face downward and the boys close to the ground爬行.
如; The bus crawled along .公共汽车迟缓地行进.
注意:短语 crawl into the favor of one's superiors表示"卑躬屈膝地讨好上司".
b. on one's knees : 双膝跪地.
9. How do you feel about all this adulation and hero worship?
a. feel about : consider , think of 以为,感到.经惯用于疑问句中,
如: How do you feel about the suggestion? 你认为这个提议怎么样?
b. adulation 是adulate名词形式.
adulate : flatter or admire excessively过分赞赏,奉承,恭维.
如: One can hardly understand why young people so adulate film stars.
年轻人为何如此过分赞赏影星,真让人费解.
10. Or are you drawn somehow to this strange clown , perhaps because he acts out your wildest fantasies ?
a. draw : attracts 吸引.
如: Some mutual interests draw us together .一些共同兴趣把我们吸引到一块了.
b. somehow : in some way not specified or known 不知什么缘故.
如: Somehow I don't like this novel though it is so popular.
这本小说即使很流行,但不知什么原因我却不喜欢它.
c. fantasy : imagination , esp. when it is let free and not held back(自由奔放)想象,幻想,狂想.
wildest fantasies ,最为狂妄奇想.
11. These aren't idle questions.
idle : of no real worth or purpose 无聊.
如: idle rumor无聊谎言.
12. Horwitz sees the rock music arena as a sort of debating forum, a place where ideas clash and crash.
a. see ... as ... : consider ... as ...把......看作......
b. forum : a meeting place of discussion of matters of public interest论坛.
c. a place 是a sort of debating forum同位语,后面由 where引导句子是定语从句,修饰 a place.
'' ideas clash and crash ''意为"各种思想冲撞".
13. '' The redefinition, '' Horowitz says '' is a task uniquely performed by the young...''
'' uniquely performed by the young '' 是过去分词短语,用于修饰前面''a task''.
14. It is they alone who combine invention and exaggeration...
a. it is .. who ( that ) 是强调句式.
b. lone : ( after a noun or pronoun ) only(在名词或代词后面)仅,只.
His name alone was enough to draw a large audience .仅仅他名字就足以吸引一大批观众.
15. '' Rock music,'' he says '' is really a sociological expression rather than a musical force. ''
rather than : instead of 而不是(必定前者,否定后者.) 比如:
He is a poet rather than a novelist .与其说他是小说家,不如说他是诗人.
这里介绍另一个短语or rather,意为 more exactly更为确切地说".
如: late last night , or rather early this morning昨天深夜,更为确切地说,是今天清晨.
16. It's just that Elvis managed to embody the frustrated teenage spirit of the 1950s.
a. 句中it有 the reason意思, that = be cause .
b. embody : give a definite form to详细表现 如:
The statue embodies the sentiment of the sculptor .这尊塑像表现了雕像家感情.
The latest model of the lorry embodies many improvements .卡车最新式样表现了许多改进地方.
17. TV network banned him.
a. network : a group of radio or television stations linked by wire or microwaves (广播,电视)广播网 b. ban : prohibit , forbid 禁止.
如: Students are banned from reading dirty books .禁止学生阅读色情书刊.
18. Most of the older viewers frowned, while most of the younger viewers applauded.
a. frown: to wrinkle the forehead , such as when one is displeased or in deep thought皱眉.
如:听到我说错了答案,他便皱起了眉头.
短语frown on ( upon )表示"不赞同".
如: He frowned upon my plan .他不赞同我计划.
b. applaud : to clap the hands together in approval or appreciation鼓掌喝彩;称赞.
如: The audience applauded wildly .观众热烈鼓掌.
c. 连接词while在这里表示对照,
再如: I like books while my brother loves sports .我喜欢书,而我弟兄则热衷于体育.
19. The Rolling Stones, arrogant street-fighting men, demanded revolution.
arrogant|| 'ærəgənt] : acting as if one were more important than others高傲;妄自尊大.
如; He was just too arrogant to his subordinates .他对他部下太高傲了.
20. Feelings, always a part of any musical statement, were a major subject.
这里always a part of any musical statement 是feelings同位语.
21. The Beatles showed there were a range of emotions between love and hate.
range : a number of different things of the same general sort or type (变动,可供选择)范围;幅度.
如: a range of colors to choose from能够选择一系列颜色;
a range of prices from 5 Yuan to 50 Yuan 从5元到50元不等各种价格.
22. This country element, Horowitz feels, helped its audience express an urge to '' get away from it all, ‘‘...
urge : an instinctive drive .冲动.
如: I felt an urge to further my studies in Europe .我有一个去欧洲深造冲动.
23. ...these rock musicians mirror feelings...
mirror : reflect 反应.
如: The election result reflects their opinions.选举结果反应了他们观点.
24. ... where it's heading?
head ( for ) : move toward (朝某一方向)前进.
如: They were heading for the deep jungle for hunting .他们去丛林深处打猎.
Lesson Two Four Choices for Young People
1. Jim Binns...wrote me about some of his misgivings.
misgiving: worry, concern(惯用复数)(对未来之事)疑虑不安,怀疑.如:
I like your scheme in principle; my only misgiving is that it may require too large a sum of money.
我标准上喜欢你计划,唯一担心是花销可能太大.
2...our generation views the adult world with great skepticism...
skepticism: doubt suspicion怀疑(态度);怀疑主义
be skeptical about:对......持怀疑太度;不相信.如:
He is skeptical about everything .他对一切事物都抱怀疑态度.
with a skeptical expression带着怀疑表情。
3. Apparently he speaks for a lot of his contemporaries.
contemporary adj.同时代，当代；n.同时代人。如：
our contemporaries和我们同时代人 同义词：peer 同等人，同辈。如：without a peer 无匹敌
4. The people responsible are, presumably, the adults who...
a.responsible:1)(放在名词后面)应负责任.如:I hold you responsible for the safety
of her family.我就把她家安全交给你了。2）（放在名词前面）（工作、地为等）责任重，有责任。
如：a responsible position 要职。3)(人）可靠，可信赖，如：a responsible person有责任心人。
b. presumably: perhaps大约，推测起来，可能。
5. These conclusions strike me as reasonable ...strike sb. +adj.（or n.): 使......感觉（是）。如：
At first the idea struck me as stupid.起初,这个主意让我以为很愚蠢.
He strikes me as an honest man .他让我以为是个老实人.
6. The relevant question for the arriving generation is not whether our society is imperfect (we can take that for granted), but...
a. relevant:关于。 如：relevant information 关于信息.若作表语,后面通常跟由介词to 引导短语.
如;The judge ruled that the evidence was not relevant to the case.
法官认定证据与本案无关。
b. imperfect : 不完美，由perfect （完美）加否定前缀im-组成。
另如：Permissible-impermissible, possible-impossible, proper-improper, pure impure,
Mobile-immobile, mortal-immortals.
c. take for granted : 视......为当然。
如: You should not take his help for granted .你不应该认为他帮忙是当然事。
7. for all is harshness and irrationality; it is the only world we've got.
a. for all ... 尽管。
如：For all his learning, he is not wise. 他尽管满腹经纶，处世并不聪明。 For all his efforts, he didn't succeed. 他还是个正派人。
b. harsh : 残酷；无情；刻薄。
如：She was very harsh with her servant. 她对用人非常刻薄。
We have to face harsh realities. 我们得面对残酷现实。
c. rational : 有理性，通情达理。
如：Man is a rational thing. 人是有理性动物。
Do you consider it a rational explanation? 你以为这种解释合理吗？
irrational : 不理智， ir-为否定前缀。
另如：Irreducible, irregular, irreparable, irreversible.
8. Choosing a strategy to cope with it, then, is...
a. strategy : 战略，与之相正确是tactics(战术)
b. cope with : to struggle or contend , esp. . with some degree of success 应付，处理。
如：They proposed several possibilities for coping with the crisis.
他们提出了对付危机几个可能方案。
He is unable to cope with the duties of her new position.
他不能应付新岗位职责。
9. So far as I have been able to discover, there are four basic alternatives.
a. so far as : =as far as , to the extent that 就......而言，从......来看。
如：His conduct, so far as I can see, is unjustifiable.
就我看来，他凭一已之力将不可能完成这么巨大项目。
b. alternative : one of more than two possibilities 数种可能之一，可代替。
如：There is alternative answer to this question.
这个问题有几个可能答案。
An alternative plan is to apply for a loan.
另一个可能方案就是申请贷款。
10. Drop Out
drop out : to withdraw from 退出。
如：He has decided to drop out of politics.
他已经决定退出政坛。
Seven students dropped out of university last year.
去年有七个学生被退了学。
11. This is one of the oldest expedient ...=expedient: a temporary means to an end 权宜之计
如：resort to an expedient 采取权宜之计
12. In one way or another, its practitioners batten on the society which...
a. (in) one way or another: 以这么或那样方式；在某方面。
如：The project must be completed by the end of this month (in) one way or another.
不论用什么方式，这个项目必须在这个月底结束。
b. batten on : thrive , or prosper , or live in luxury (on) (esp. at the expense of others)
(靠他人牺牲而） 兴旺，过奢侈生活，（损人）肥饱私囊
13. some of us find this distasteful -an undignified kind of life.
distasteful : disagreeable ; unpleasant 讨厌，令人不愉快。
如：Jazz is distasteful to me. 我讨厌爵士乐。（爵士乐不合我口味）
14. But for the poor in spirit, with low levels of both energy and pride, it may be the least intolerable choice available.
Availed: ready for use; readily obtainable
a. （立刻）可利用；可得到。
如：employ all means available 采取一切可能方法。
The dress is available in all sizes. 这种款式服装大小尺寸都有。
b. （人）有空。
如：I'll be available tomorrow morning. 我明天早上有空。
15. This strategy has ancient antecedents.
Antecedent: preceding thing or circumstance, esp. (pl.) past history of a person 前事，前情；
（复数）身世，经历，人过去历史。
如; a woman of shady antecedent 一个来历可疑女人
16. ... that is, the city, with all its ugliness and tension.
tension : mental strain 担心。
如：under extreme tension 处于极度担心/（复数-s）担心（状态）。
如：the tension between labor and management 劳资间关系担心
17. The trouble with the solution is that it no longer is on a large scale.
on a large scale : 大规模。
另如：on a tremendous scale 极大规模。
The project was undertaken on a grand scale. 这个项目规模很大。
The reform is carried out on an enormous scale. 改革幅度极大。
18. Out planet, unfortunately, is running out of noble savages and unsullied landscapes.
run out of : become short of , become exhausted 用完。
如; We ran out of petrol the other day. 那一天我们汽油用光了。
We are running out of time. 我们已经没有时间了。
19. Plot a Revolution
plot : plan secretly 密谋。
如：They plotted how to kill him. 他们密谋怎样杀死他。
The criminals were plotting to rob the bank. 犯罪密谋抢银行。
20. ... those who have no patience with the tedious workings of the democratic process and who believe that the institution can only be changed by force.
a. tedious : long and tiresome 冗长乏味。
如：a tedious lecture 冗长演讲；tedious work 乏味工作
b. working(s) : action , operation 工作，运作。
如：the workings of the mind , the workings of the nature 自然运作
21. To them it offers a romantic appeal, usually symbolized by some dashing and charismatic figure.
a. a romantic appeal : appeal n. : the power to attract the mind or emotions 吸引力。
如：Such life has no appeal for me. 这种生活对我没有吸引力。
That sort of music has lost its appeal for me. 这种音乐已经失去了对我吸引力。
v. appeal to : 吸引。
如：Does the menu appeal to me? 菜单吸引我了吗？
The novel appeals to women. 这本小说吸引女性读者。
b. dashing : vigorously lovely ; brilliant or showy 精力充沛；华丽
c. charismatic 名词形式为charisma （使大众信服）领袖魅力
22. Lets smash it and build something better on the ruins.
on the ruins : the remains of destroyed or decaying or town 废墟，遗址，残骸。
如：the ruins of a castle 一座城堡废墟
23. These are the ones whose revolution did not come off...
come off : happen , occur 发生。
如：The invasion came off last week. 入侵是上星期发生。
To be effective or successful 生效，成功。
如：She didn't come off well in the interview. 她面试不很成功。
24. I am not, of course, suggesting that revolutions accomplish nothing.
accomplish : bring to a successful conclusion ; achievement 完成。
如：accomplish something / a great deal / miracles 实现某种目标/取得很大成就/实现奇迹
accomplish : skilled , expert 熟练，内行。
如：an accomplish golf player 技术精湛高尔夫运动员
accomplishment (s) 涵养，才艺。
如： a woman of many accomplishment 多才多艺女人
25. For at best their victory never dawns on the shining new world they had dreamed of , cleansed of all human meanness .
cleanse : make clean 清洗。
如：She cleansed the wound with alcohol .她用酒精清洗伤口。
cleanse sin from the soul = cleanse the soul of sin 清洗灵魂罪恶
26. At first glance, this course is far from inviting.
inviting : temptingly attractive 诱人。
如：an inviting smile 迷人微笑/an inviting dish 诱人菜肴
27. It depends on the exasperating and uncertain instruments of persuasion...
exasperate : annoy extremely 令人怒不可遏
如：Constant interruptions exasperate me. 不停中止让我怒火中烧。
28. It demands patience, always in short supply.
(be) in short supply : 供给不足，短缺。
如：Food is in short supply .食物供给不足。
Honesty is in short supply. 缺乏老实（人）。
29. ... as soon as you capture one mountain range, another one looms just ahead.
loom : come into view in indistinct and enlarged form 忽隐忽现。
如：The iceberg loomed out of the mist .冰山在迷雾中忽隐忽现。
Dangers are looming ahead. 危险阴森森地迫近。
30. ... of coping with war in unfamiliar guises.
guise : a false or assumed appearance or disguise 外貌，伪装。
如：an old idea in a new guise 老观念新面貌（新瓶装旧酒）
in the guise of 打扮成......样子。
如：the king in the guise of a beggar 装扮成乞丐国王
under the guise of 以......为借口。
如：under the guise of friendship 以友情为幌子
31. It dawned on us rather suddenly that...
dawn on : begin to be known, or realized 惯用先行词it , 表示"明白过来"。
如：It has slowly dawned