雅思作文常用论据素材.docx

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Task-2常用论据素材

1. 环境类话题
1-1.Economic/social development and environment
1-1-a. the influences of economic/social development upon environment
obtain convenience:
electrical facilities + vehicles with traditional energies = the emissions of toxic substances and greenhouse gases
pursue economic profits:
government revenue = tax income = the constructions of factories or low-end industries= chemical wastes
1-1-b. the solutions to environmental contamination
Technological approaches:
The research and development of alternative energies (solar power, hybrid, wind, hydro power)
The invention and promotion of energy-efficient facilities (efficient lightbulb, circulating water system)
Economic approaches:
Government’s subsidies on the research and development of alternative or renewable resources
1-2. agencies to shoulder the responsibilities for environmental problems
1-2-a. government’s responsibility
Legislative approach:
Formulate strict laws and harsh punishments for those who generate pollution
Economic approach:
Levy heavy taxes on those polluters + grant subsidies on those who are environmental-friendly
1-2-b. individual’s responsibility
Endeavors to reduce pollution:
Choose alternative modes of travel, including walking or public transportation, instead of private cars
Take an active part in the classification of garbage, reusing and recycling the waste materials

2. 教育类话题
2-1. the purpose of schooling
2-1-a. the significance of academic knowledge
Achieve the fundamental objective of schooling:
Advancement of boundaries of knowledge + building up thinking patterns to problem-solving
Be beneficial to job-hunting:
Acquire professional knowledge and skills associated with a specific field = more competitive and competent in job-seeking
2-1-b. the significance of moral and ethical education
Be conducive to personal development:
Enable individuals to distinguish the good from the evil and ensure them on the right track in terms of moral development
Avoid running counter to the laws
Fundamental responsibility of teachers:
Be responsible for imparting students with positive morals, values and ethics to ensure student’s healthy growth
2-2. learning style (traditional Vs. modern)
2-2-a. the significance of teacher
Implement individualized education:
Can carry out student-oriented teaching pattern, in which teachers can investigate students’ needs and formulate curriculum designs on the basis of students’ distinct situations
Reliability and professionalism:
Expert background in teaching = more professional teaching pattern + more reliable information source
2-2-b. the significance of other resources
The diversity of information resource:
Obtain information and updated knowledge from a variety of fields
Motivation:
Avoid tedious learning process + render learning process more vivid and vigorous
2-3. academic subjects and arts/sports
2-3-a. the significance of academic subjects
National interest/development:
Academic subjects = achievements in scientific research = benefits in various fields, such as military and medical areas + higher international status and reputation
Be beneficial to job-hunting:
Professional knowledge in specific fields = more competitive and competent in job-seeking
2-3-b. the significance of arts/sports
Enrich spiritual life and enhance physical health:
Arts = be conducive to self-cultivation = relieve pressure
Sports = physical exercises = reduce the possibility of disease
Bring higher government revenue + national reputation:
Protect and promote traditional arts = attract more attentions worldwide = tourism = economic profits
Success in sports competition = higher national reputation
2-4. parents and schools’ responsibilities
2-4-a. parents’ responsibility
ensure children’s healthy growth;
impart children with fundamental knowledge, skills and values;
teach children how to distinguish the good from the evil;
guide children on the basis of their personality traits and strong/weak points
2-4-b. schools’ responsibility
have an abundance of educational resources (professional teaching staff + educational facilities);
implement individualized education;
impart individuals with knowledge and values

3. 媒体类话题
3-1. violent/obscene/disaster images in TV programs and movies
3-1-a. the reasons why violent images should be banned
Adverse impacts upon children and youths:
Children are immature = limited recognition and strong curiosity = imitate violent images
Threaten social harmony:
Images of disaster = immerse individuals in depression and frustration = adverse impacts upon study and work
Images of violence = render individuals feel frightened and anxious = psychological pressure = adverse impacts upon study and work
3-1-b. the reasons why violent/obscene/disaster images are displayed
Economic profits for mass media:
Images of disaster and violence = higher audience rating = more advertisements = more revenue
Government’s negligence of responsibility:
The formulation of laws to supervise mass media is insufficient.
The implementation of laws is undemanding.

4. 犯罪类话题
4-1. the methods to deal with criminals
4-1-a. the impacts of harsh punishment/penalty
Deter potential criminal behaviors:
Harsh punishment = those who tend to make a desperate attempt will reconsider their decisions = the stun effect
Console victims + represent the justice of laws:
Harsh punishment = consolation for victims and their family members + representation of justice of laws
Avoid social panic:
Harsh punishment = increase individuals’ sense of safety
4-1-b. the impacts of reeducation
Be beneficial to social harmony and stability:
Reeducation = acquire knowledge and skills = survive and be independent in society = avoid commit crimes again
Reeducation = trigger them to repent and make a fresh start, compared to harsh punishment, such as imprisonment, which brings about desperation and even hatred
4-2. juvenile delinquency
4-2-a. the reasons of juvenile delinquency
Social factor:
Mass media’s pursuit of profits = obscene and violent images + youths’ imitation
Personal factor:
Adolescent psychological inversion
Domestic factor:
Domestic violence + single-parent family = threaten psychological health (apathy, loss and loneliness)
The solutions to juvenile delinquency
Government’s responsibility:
Censorship and supervision over mass media (grading, viewers’ discretion)
Parents’ affinity and dialogue:
Reclaim youths
Strict rules will foster the intractability
Parents’ sense of responsibility:
Avoid dispute and violent behavior in front of children

5. 政府类话题
5-1. government and education
5-1-a. the reasons why government should finance education
Reliability of financial source:
The government authority is of ability to offer strong and continuous financial support.
Government’s responsibility:
Government administration has duty to provide tax payers with opportunity to be educated and ensure citizens’ right of acquiring education.
5-1-b. the reasons why individuals/NGOs should finance education
Relieve government’s financial burden:
More urgent problems are there to be solved especially in developing countries, including medical care, infrastructure, pension plan and poverty, all of which need government’s funding.
Trigger students to value the opportunity of education:
Students who are financed by themselves will treasure it and devote endeavors to studying.
5-2. government and culture/arts
5-2-a. the reasons why government should finance culture/arts
Economic profits:
Government’s efforts to protect and promote traditional arts = tourism = more income for local residents and more government revenue
Ensure cultural diversity:
Government’s efforts to protect culture or arts of ethnic minorities = maintain social harmony and stability
5-2-b. the reasons why artists/NGOs/individuals should finance culture/arts
Relieve government’s financial burden:
More urgent problems are there to be solved especially in developing countries, including medical care, infrastructure, pension plan and poverty, all of which need government’s funding.
Avoid complex bureaucratic procedure:
The complex bureaucratic procedure of the government needs a long time which may delay the protection of minority culture.

6. 建筑类话题
6-1. the importance of the function of a building
6-1-a. practicability
Capacity (how many people it can accommodate) + safety (resistance against earthquake and fire)
6-1-b. being environmental-friendly + energy saving
Whether the exterior and interior materials are environmental-friendly is a huge concern of the public.
6-2. the importance of the appearance of a building
6-2-a. economic profits
Unique and individualized architectural design = attract individuals’ attentions = tourism = economic profits for local residents and the government
6-2-b. representation of the culture of a city
Unique and individualized architectural design = represent a city’s cultural identity = distinguish it from many others

7. 就业类话题
7-1. the reasons why unemployment rate is high
7-1-a. insufficiency of practical skills
Traditional education = theoretical and academic oriented stuff = practical skills are inadequate + employers’ expectation (seek those with practical skills to reduce training cost)
7-1-b. labor supply > labor demand
Universities’ enlargement of enrollment = a huge number of graduate enter the labor market to seek employment opportunity + labor demand remains limited = unemployment
7-2. the solutions to reducing unemployment rate
7-2-a. opportunity of practicum and internship for graduates
Universities are expected to offer internship positions for those young graduates, which can facilitate the transition between graduation and employment.
7-2-b. economic incentives from the government
Tax-cut policy + subsidy = encourage enterprises to hire young graduates

8. 家庭类话题
8-1. the advantages of living together
8-1-a. exert positive impacts upon children’s development
Seniors, with healthy lifestyles, habits and regular schedules, as a vivid example, can exert positive effects, by which children follow a right track to grow up.
8-1-b. promote the closeness and harmony of family
Living together contributes to facilitating mutual understanding and respect among family members, dispelling barrier and misunderstanding.
8-2. the disadvantages of living together
8-2-a. conflicts
Generation gap (difference in thinking pattern and living habit) = conflict
Educational methods (a difference exists among individuals of old generation in terms of the strategy to educate the youngsters.)
8-2-b. loss of privacy
Life is under momentary monitor and supervision.

9. 社会发展与全球化类话题
9-1. the impacts of social progress
9-1-a. the positive influences of social progress
Higher living standard:
Due to the promotion of medical care, education, pension plan, public services, public transport and infrastructure, the general public can gain easier access to higher quality of life.
More government revenue:
Social progress = superior education = individuals with outstanding educational background can obtain better employment opportunity = higher income = more income tax
9-1-b. the negative influences of social progress
Environmental problems:
Emissions of toxic substance and greenhouse gases + exhaustive exploitation (energy shortage) = sustainable development path is faced with challenge.
hinder/impede/dampen human being’s creativity:
Advanced technology may render people satisfy the existing state and devote less efforts to moving forward.
9-2. international aids
9-2-a. the significance of international aids
Immediate effect on underdeveloped countries:
Financial and technological aids contribute to solving a series of problems in poor countries, including food shortage, spread of disease and poor infrastructure, all of which are attributed to the insufficiency of funding.
Humanitarianism:
Human beings living in the same global village help one another, providing individuals in poor countries with a chance to enhance their quality of life. = global harmony
9-2-b. the problems of international aids
Loss of motivation to develop themselves:
The governments of underdeveloped countries are reluctant or, to be more accurate, lazy to take an active part in making progress, due to the fact that they get accustomed to obtaining aids.
Complaints from tax payers of developing countries:
Domestic affairs are equally urgent and appeal financial support either, such as medical care, infrastructure and unemployment insurance.
9-3. the advantages and disadvantages of the movement of people
9-3-a. the advantages of the movement of people
Enhance quality of life and well-being:
Moving to a new place for working or studying is often driven by a desire to fulfill personal needs in academic or career layers, such as obtaining superior education, better working environment and higher payment.
Narrow regional difference (balance regional development):
The movement of talents facilitates filling the gap between developed and underdeveloped regions, on account of the fact that they bring advanced knowledge, extensive experience and professional skills to the underdeveloped area.
9-3-b. the disadvantages of the movement of people
Problems in major cities:
Population explosion, energy shortage, difficulty in employment, traffic congestion and contamination
Problems in psychology:
Insufficiency in ability to adapt = sense of loneliness and homesickness

10. 广告类话题
10-1. the positive layers of advertisements
10-1-a. for enterprises:
Commercial advertising serves as a crucial medium for enterprises to promote and popularize their ideas and products, by which potential market can be developed.
10-1-b. for consumers:
The general public can gain access to the information regarding the products, including price, function and suitable crowd. Simultaneously, information with respect to discount and promotion is also involved.
10-2. the negative layers of advertisements
10-2-a. improper images
To attract more attenti