雅思考试阅读替换词汇总.doc

雅思考试阅读替换词汇总
1.rigid/ stiff/ unchanged/ little change 僵硬的，一成不变的
2.significant/enormous/dramatic/tremendous/appreciably/remarkable/crucial/ 巨大的,明显的，程度大的/substantial
3.approximately 将近-nearly, almost
4.proportion/ percentage 比例
5.be involved (in)/ involve in/ involvement [n.] 涉及，卷入，参与
6.given/ considering , in regard to / despite/ although  有鉴于
考虑到，尽管
6.induce [v] 引入，引导，引诱/ inductive [n] 归纳 >< deduce /deductive推断
7.fortune/ destiny/ chances
8.deplete 开采完，耗尽/ exhaust –exhaust emission (尾气)排放/ exploit
plex 错综复杂的/ complicated/ sophisticated 老奸巨滑的，复杂的
10.capacity能力，容量/ competence （竞争）能力/ ability 能力（笼统的）
11.确保，保障：Secure-security/ ensure (insure)/ guarantee 押金
12.solely/ merely/ only
13.a vast array of 系列/ a great variety of 花样，品种/ a great rang 系列 of
14.pesticide 杀虫/ suicide 自杀/ homicide/ murder杀人
15.believe/ assume (responsibility)/ suppose
16.授权，委托：authorize/ commission 佣金/ entitle 头衔 + ment =right （权利）
17.purchase/ buy
18. ethnic 种族的/ ethic 伦理，道德的 + s =[n ]
19. modify/ change [v] shift work 轮班工作[n]
20. insight/knowledge/ learning/ understanding/ knowing
21.constrain拘泥，限制/ restrict 限制/ limit
22. circumstance 环境（社会 ）/ surroundings/ environment 环境（ 环保 ）背景 background 后台 / settings后台，布景/ context 上下文（ 文章中 ）
23.notorious 臭名昭著的/ flagrant臭的><fragrant 香的
24.移民：immigrant (进来)/ emigrant(出去)/migrant
25.兴旺，繁荣；prosperous/ thriving/ booming（人口，行业）/flourishing
26.神圣的：divine/ heavenly/ holy/ sacred
27.有毒的：poisonous/ toxic ( in-, non- 无毒的)
28.致命的：deadly/ fatal/ lethal/ mortal
29.类似于：look like/ resemble
30. chronic长期的,慢性的— long-term 长期的
31.网恋：virtual love/ cyber love
32.网友：on-line /net/ cyber friend
上网（聊天）chat on line/ go on-line  cyber café/网吧
33.evolve-evolution 进化/ revolute-revolution 革命，旋转/ involve-involution 卷入，涉及
34. indicator/ predictor 表示诠释，预测
35.indicate/ demonstrate/ display/exhibit/betray
36. therapist /expert/ specialist
37. 优点，长处，美德：advantage/ merit/ virtue/ length
38. commonest/ frequent
39. 未开发的，初级的：rudimentary/ underdeveloped
40. 退化：degenerate/ -tion [n] ->generate 生产，制造/ degrade ->grade 等级/ deteriorate 恶化，每况愈下
41. 分类：category-categorize/ class-classify   
42. consequence后果->影响/ subsequence紧跟其后/ sequence=order秩序/ frequency频率
43.clash 冲突（民族，种族）/crash 飞机坠毁
44. substitution=> substitute sth for sb /replace
45.alternative=> 选择性，代替性，辅助性
46.孤立：isolate/ alienate/insulate隔绝， 排外，孤立->be alien to/insulate (-ior) 绝缘，隔热（体）
47．缺点，不足之处：defect/ flaw/ failing/ disadvantage /drawback
48.创新的，发明的，新颖的，创新的：inventive (-tion)/ innovative (-tion)/ creative (-tion)/ ingenious (ity)/novel (-ty)  =>[n]/creative/revolutionary
     l   易错拼写：environment/ convenient
49．neutral 中立的，中性的 /negative 否定，消极，阴性的 /positive 肯定，积极，阳性的
50．ambiguous->ambiguity 模棱两可的，暧昧的/obscure
municate 沟通，传达，通报
52.accommodate 1供...食宿，2=adapt to 适应，调整，3=hold 容纳，4使…停靠
mitment 1 ~ to sth 奉献 2 责任,义务
54．contribute to 导致 ~ result in /account for  (占据)导致
54.缺乏的，不足的：inadequate/ insufficient/ deficient/lack (of)/ short (of)
55.强调：emphasize/ stress/ highlight/ focus on/ concentrate on
明显的：apparently 显而易见的/patently 道貌岸然的/ obviously=>evidently
56.对…怀疑：(be) /skeptical/skeptical /dubious/ suspicious (about/of)
57.缺点，缺陷：drawback/ fault/ defect/ imperfection/ failing/ weakness/ shortcoming/ flaw
58.臭命昭著的：notorious->notoriety/ flagrant/ smelly/ odorous
59.机构，组织：association/ structure /organization
60.超过：exceed/ surpass
61.岩浆：molten rock/ lava/ magma   
62.语言：linguist ~学家/ lingual和~有关的/ bilingual/  双语  
63.多种多样的：diversity/ variety/ breed/ species
breed：[n]品种，[v]繁殖，培养，引起，造成
64.dialect 方言  accent 腔调
65.开始的，初步的：begin/ launch/ initial (-ly) [v] 首字母，开始的/ initiate开始，发动->initiative原创性= origin
66.贫穷：poor/ in poverty/ impoverished（ 被剥夺财产的）
67.杰出：eminence (-t)/ prominence (-t)/unusual
68.gene/ genetic defect ~缺陷/ anatomy解剖/ conceive构思，怀孕/ deliver分娩
69.辅助性：alternative 补充性/ therapist
70.演绎，推理：deduce->deductive / inferential >< induce 引导，引入，归纳-> induction 归纳
71.令人困惑的：bewildering/ puzzling/ perplexing
72.apply：紧靠，涂，将…应用于，适用，专心致力于，献身于
73.subsidize辅助/ subsidy 补助，补贴/ subsidiary
74.a factor in sth/ depend on sth
75.be preferred by/ choice
76.attitude to/ how
77.the present century/ modern society
78.broad/ great
79.in term of 按照，在…方面，关于/with regard to, in spite of 不顾，尽管
80. small-scale 小范围/ marginal 边缘处的
81. physical/ medical  
82.negotiation/ agreement   谈判，洽谈/ 商定，协议
83.evolve/ develop
84.apartment/ accommodation    公寓/ 住房
85.virtual (love)/ simulate     模拟的（网恋）/ 模拟
86.catastrophe/ disaster   大灾难/ 灾难，不幸
87.innovate/ invent    革新，创新/ 发明，创造
sculpture/ craft    雕刻，雕塑/ 工艺
88.exorbitant/ expensive    过度的，极高的/ 费用大的，昂贵的
89. be participant in/ take part in /participate in  
90.labour [美，澳]/work
91.attend to/ take care of
92.dual employment/ dual-worker   双职工（家庭）
93.indicate/ predict     指示，表明，象征/ 预料，预言
A major contributor to/ be central to    来源，起点/ 是…的主要，中心原因
94.expert/ therapist       专家，能手；知识丰富的/ 某个专科的专家
95.lead to/ be associated with   相联系（带来…的好处）
96.balanced/ equitable    平等的
97.handicap/ disabled/primitive 残疾的，落后的
98. could not-and cannot/ has always been unable to
by/ from
99.benefit/ advantage
100.substantial influence/ greater likelihood
101.agree on/ define
102.considered desirable/ effectiveness
103.masquerade/ (in) disguise     伪装
104.insignificant/ didn’t seriously     不重要/不严重的
105.inspect/ examine  审核,检查
106．caliber/ criterion   标准
107．no-one know>< notorious     无人知晓><臭名昭著的
108．dissatisfy/ argue        不满意/厌恶，讨厌
109.pessimism/ negative/ blue>< optimistic     悲观的，忧郁的>< 乐观的
110.unsatisfactory/ hardly be looked upon
111.identify/ define  
112.turn… into/ become
113.urban/ rural/suburban
114.demolish/ knock   down/ dismantle 毁坏，拆毁（建筑物）/ 敲，打
115.migration/ move     迁移/ 移动
116.pay/ charge sb for    向某人…猛攻，充电，负责，付费，控诉
117.separate/ split      分开，使隔绝，提取/ 分，劈开
118.fascination/attraction  (-e:[v])    迷住，吸引住
119.not require/ unnecessary    不需要/ 不必要
120.decode/ decipher    译解（密码），解释
121.delay/ drawback= disadvantage    耽误，延迟/ 欠缺，弊端
122.association/ organization    机构，关联/ 组织
123.*recent/ current/ nowadays/present     最近的/ 现代的/ 当今的/现在
124.intensive burst/ explosive release    强烈的爆发/ 爆炸性的释放
125.recognized/ identified       承认，识别，认可/ 识别，鉴别
126.aim to/ focus on    针对，目标，打算/ 集中
127.link…to/ lead to     连接/导致，通向
128. inadequate (diet)/ deficiency (in trace minerals) 不充分，不适当的/ 缺乏，不足
129.basic/ fundamental   基础的，基本的
130.seize/ catch   捕捉，抓住
131.fatal/ lethal     致命的
132.success on/ running on    成功
133.costly/ be related by    有关系的
134.be obtained in/ be derived in    获得，流行，通用/ 由…产生，起源于
135.high-income/ wealthy     高收入的/富裕的
136.be alike/ be similar to   相同的，相似的
137.indicate/ show     显示，指出，象征
138. eliminate/ lessen    ><消除/ 减少
139. not risen significantly/ stagnate   停滞不前的
140.salary/ wage   工资：总称/ 蓝领的
141.create/ gain    创造，造成/ 获得，增加
efficiently/ increased productivity    有效率的/ 上升的生产率
142.economy/ financial   经济
143.administration/ management   
144.(be) sympathetic/ understand    同情的，赞同/ 理解
145.introduce/ involve   引入/ 卷入
146.change/ different
147.die>< exist   死亡><存在
148.almost/ approximately   
149.be out of date/ be developed
150.solve/ reduce   减少
151.famous/ eminent  
152.barrier/ hurdle
153.higher position/ top post
154.Advantage: virtue,merit,benefit, positive aspect, strength, 好处 ,优点,长处
155.Disadvantage: weakness, failing, weakness,defect,drawback, negative aspect, fault不利,缺点,缺陷
156.Casual: arbitrary, unplanned, unexpected, 随意的
157.Effective: efficient, effectual, fruitful, productive, valid多效的
158.Criticize: reproach, blame, 批评
159.Flaw: weakness, defect 缺点
160.Ability; capability, power, caliber能力
161.Dishonest: deceptive 不诚实的
162.Fair: equitable, equal, impartial, 公平的
163.Success: achievement, feat 成功
164.Reason: factor, contributor, origin, 原因
165.Result: outcome, consequence, implication结果
166.Result from: arise from, originate from, be due to, thanks to, 由于，因为
167.Give rise to: contribute to, lead to, result in, cause, breed, create, incur导致
168.Disaster: catastrophe 灾难
169.Pollute: contaminate 污染
170.Poisonous: toxic 有毒的
171.Decrease; fall, drop, plunge, decline, step back, downward, minimize, abate下降
172.Increase: rise, go up, surge, grow, 上升
173.Growing: increasing, rising, 上升的
剑桥四阅读考点替换词
名词：
1.        the destruction of rainforests （原文） --the loss of the rainforests
2.        rainforest conservation( 原文 )—the rainforests to be protected
3.        the geographical location—where the rainforests were
4.        courtship ritual—mating
5.        feeding—eating
6.        young people—teens
7.        high standing—high opinion
8.        take courses—retrain
9.        domestic building—dwellings
10.    economic progress—economic growth
形容词：
1．   Rudimentary—underdeveloped
2．   Well-developed—best developed
3.        Surprised—taken aback
4.  be loath to/be conservative about —be reluctant to
4.        chronic—long-term
5.        Awareness—conscious
6.        basic--fundamental
动词：
1．   Resemble—make similar choices/look like
2. choose entrepreneurship—set up their own business
3.make unbiased statements—comment objectively on
4.deal only with—focus on
5.be derived from—be gained from
6.break records—set new records
prehend—explain
8.be broken down—be subdivided
9.predict—estimate
10.the elderly—elderly people
副词： With tremendous force—violently
AB 相关替换
1．     media coverage—Newspaper and television
2．     A curve inside the circle—a symbol
3．     Government policy—government initiative
4．     A growing interest in cultural identity—increasing appreciation
5．     Bilingualism—more than one language
6．     Facial expression—body language
7．     Nutriment—diet
8．     Pots, tools and weapons—objects
关系替换：
1．   People can learn…-- it can teach people…
2．   A depends on B—B affect A
剑桥雅思真题456中的替换关系
        Recognize = identify§
       § Ethical=Moral
        plenty of=Considerable=significant amount of§
   §     Almost certainly=little doubt
       § Modification=change=alteration=adjust
        Better=Improve（方向词）§
   §     Live=residence=inhabitant
        first=initial=primary§
       § Important=worthy trying=significant=essential
       § People=mortal=human=mankind
        Reflect=feature=represent§
•         Legitimate= have right to
•         long term=chronic
•         Interest （for borrowing）=slightly more money
•         Feasible=practical
•         Susceptible =allergic predisposed vulnerable
•         mistaken=misconception =confusion=misunderstanding
•         have yet to determine =yet not known
•         release stress/tension= (psychic tension is) punctured=
•         Diversity=variety
•         accompanying=with
•         Aesthetic=beautiful
•         Rigid = not yielding
focus on=emphasize=narrow down
雅思高频同义词
☆artificial
synthetic, fabricated, contrived, fake, mock, bogus, counterfeit, pseudo
☆conventional
traditional, historical, past; accepted, common, regular, routine, mainstream, ordinary
☆demand
request, claim, need, order, require, call for
☆decline
decrease, degeneration, drop, fall, recession, depression, reduction, slump, worsening
☆develop
evolve, advance, grow, improve, progress, flourish
☆difficulty
handicap, hardship, adversity, challenge, complication, dilemma, perplexity, plight, trouble
☆early
first, old, ancient, primitive, previous, former, remote
☆find
discover, come across, encounter, hit on, expose, notice, note, observe, recognize, spot, uncover
☆future
what's next, prospect, approaching, expected, destined, forthcoming
☆how
describe, operate, explain, clarify, demonstrate, eludicate, expound, illustrate, interpret, account for
☆inevitable
unavoidable, certain, destined, fated, inescapable, sure
☆militant
armed, belligerent, army, weapon, warlike
☆objection
commercial challenge, complaint, disapproval, opposition, protest, query, question, remonstration
☆obstacle
bar, barricade, barrier, block, blockage, check, obstruction, problem, snag, hurdle
☆prevalent
common, usual, prevailing, widespread, systematic, collective, general, popular
☆reduce
curtail, cut, decrease, halve, impair, lessen, moderate, trim, slash
☆role
function (provide, support, weaken, smooth, solve), job, position, duty, post, task, contribution
☆recent
modern, current, now, nowadays, today, contemporaneous, new, novel, present, up-to-date
☆simulate
virtual, create, reproduce, pretend, imitate
☆significance
importance, milestone, impact, justification, gist, implication, point, purport, vital business, economic, financial, mercantile, profitable, pecuniary
☆worldwide
international, cosmopolitan, global, universal, ubiquitous, widespread, around the world
解决：solve, resolve, deal with, cope with, handle, tackle
消除：get rid of, eradicate, eliminate
依赖：rely on, depend on, count on
十分：very much, immensely, hugely, largely, greatly, enormously, tremendously
损害：damage, hurt, injure, harm, impair
给予：give, offer, render, impart, provide
发展：develop, cultivate, foster
优势：advantage, merit, virtue, benefit, upside, strength
缺陷：disadvantage, detect, demerit, drawback, downside,
雅思剑桥5阅读替换词
AB相似替换: 同义词
Time limit—deadline
Confer sth. On—bring sth. To
Be associated with—establishment/be linked to
Built-in—biological
Expect—predict
Help—have a positive effect on
Advantageous trait—positive survival mechanism
Get worse—take a pessimistic view
Slow down—restrict
Provide what … wants—meet …’s expectation
Urgent—most pressing
When heated—under heat
The first—in origin
Extract—remove
Dub—consider
Be punctured by—release of nervous energy
“ah ,ah” noise—particular noise
demanding—more difficult
outlook—subjective view
how…works—the operation of
revolution--development
AB关系替换：
Sth. Prevail upon King George III to – be granted sth. By the king
剑5 第一套
Passage 1第二段
compile v.编辑，编纂
write • compile • compose
concentrate v.集中，关注
pay attention • concentrate • concentration • keep your mind on • keep your eyes on • take notice/note • attentive • attention span
convey v.传达，传递
express • convey • communicate • say • get something over • put something into words/find the words to say
第三段
define v.定义……
meaning • sense • significance • definition • connotation • define
circumscribe v.限制，约束
To limit power, rights, or abilities [= restrict]:
conquer v.征服
defeat • overwhelm • annihilate • rout • bring somebody to their knees • conquer
hold back • stifle • suppress • overcome/conquer
第五段
station v.驻扎，静坐
send • pack off • dispatch/despatch • send in • send out • be posted • be stationed
第六段
file v.把文件或资料归档
keep • store • keep something on file • file • keep a record/keep records
rival v.对抗，与……抗衡
competitor • rival • the competition
第八段
ascertain v.确定
check • check out • make sure/make certain • double-check • verify • confirm • ascertain
Passage 2 第一段
obey v.遵守，遵从
obey • comply with • abide by • keep to • stick to the rules • conform to • ob