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1A知识点总结
一. 词类
1. 名词:
普通名词:mobile , coat, umbrella , camera , bicycle ,
key , dress, flower , pyjamas …
职业名词:student , teacher , accountant, photographer, policeman,
policewoman, postman, actor, actress, secretary , burglar…
2. 形容词:tall,short,old,new,young,fat,thin,handsome,beautiful,
pretty,small,big,clean,dirty,thick,thin,light,heavy,
empty,full,Early,late,shut,open,Strong,weak,ugly,long,
fast, slow, fresh, hungry, thirsty, hot, cold, dark, blonde,
little, expensive, cheap,
3. 人称代词:
主 I you he she it we you they
宾 me you him her it us you them
形物代: my your his her its our your their
4. 方位词和介词
a : 方位词 : in on under in front of behind next to
near beside between
b : 介词 : in 用在季节,月份,年份 ,大地点。
On 用在具体的日期前,在星期前
at 在…旁边,具体的时间点前, 具体的地点前,
from 来自,从…到… , be from , come from , from…to
5. 特殊疑问词:
(1)what 对“什么”提问, (2) where 对 “地点 , 哪里”提问
(3)which 对“哪一个” (4) who对 “人”提问
(5)Whose对 “谁的,形物代,名物代”提问 (6) How old对 “年龄”提问
(7)What colour对 “颜色”提问 , (8) what nationality对 “国籍”提问
(9)What’s the matter with …? 对 “…怎么样了”提问
(10)What time is it ?对 “时间”提问,
(11)How many对 “多少”提问(可数名词)
6. 名词变复数的变化规则:
(1)一般情况下直接加s
(2)以s, x, ch ,sh, 结尾的加es, o结尾的有生命的加es , 无生命的加s,有两个o结尾的也加s,例如 :kangaroo--kangaroos
(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的把y变为i 再加es, Cherry-cherries
(4)以元音字母加y 结尾的加s , 例如:boys
(5)以f ,fe ,结尾的把f, fe,变为v 再加es
Wife—wives shelf—shelves knife—knives
(6)不规则的特殊记
man–men, woman—men , policeman—policemen , policewoman-policewomen , this—these , that –those ,child—children
7. a ,an 的用法:
a 用在 辅音因素前,
an 用在元音音素前(不是元音字母)
8.名词所有格: 人名+ ’s , 职业名词 / 名词 + ’s 表示 “谁的”
例如: It’s Paul’s . It’s Lily ’s
It’s the doctor’s . It’s the boy ’s .
It’s the girl ’s . It’s the teacher’s .
二. 句型
1. 一般疑问句
(1)变一般疑问句:先看句中是否有be (am, is , are ) 和情态动词can , 如果含有be (am, is , are ) ,can , 直接把be (am, is , are ) ,can 提前
(2)如果没有be ,can , 要借助于助动词 do 或者 does
2. 特殊疑问句,由 “特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句”构成
特殊疑问词有: what ,where ,how,who,whose , which 等
3. 选择疑问句:由单词or (或者,还是)构成。
例如: Is she a teacher or a nurse ? -----She is a nurse.
4. There be 句型 :
There be表示“有”,某处有某物
(1)There be 分为There is (单数和不可数),There are (复数)
(2)含有There be 的句子变一般疑问句,把be 提前,首字母大写,
末尾加问号,如果遇到第一人陈,要变为第二人称。
结构式 :Is / Are there …?
肯定回答:Yes , there is/ are . 否定回答 : No , there isn’t / aren’t
(3)变否定句: 直接在be 后加not ,
There is /are not …
5.Give + 宾格(宾语)+…
Give me / you / him / her / it / us / you / them a / an …
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