九年级语法专讲---被动语态.doc

语法专讲一：被动语态
语态是动词的一种形式,表示句子中主语和谓语动词的关系,主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。只有及物动词才能用于被动语态。
被动语态的基本用法:
(1) 需要强调动作的承受者时。The Great Wall is enjoyed by millions of people all over the world
(2) 不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者时。Mr. Wang is invited to the meeting today .
(3) 当说话人需要强调客观时。It is said that she was a beauty when she was young .
一、被动语态的基本结构：be+V.pp
不同的时态有不同的被动语态的结构，在学习被动语态之前必须熟悉各种时态的结构，你是否还记得所学过的时态结构？
1. 一般现在时： 2.一般过去时： ____________________
3.一般将来时： 4.现在进行时： 5.过去进行时： ________
6.现在完成时： 7.过去完成时：______________
那么以上各个事态的被动语态结构就应该是：
1.一般现在时： 2.一般过去时： ____________________
3.一般将来时： 4.现在进行时： 5.过去进行时： ________
6.现在完成时： 7.过去完成时：______________
二、如何将主动语态变为被动语态：

1, 把原主动句中的宾语转换为被动语态的主语。
2, 把动词改为被动语态形式即"be+过去分词"。
3, 原主动句子中的主语,由by（by+宾格）引出，如果没有必要,可以省略。
4, 其它成分不变。
注：1.主动、被动的时态要一致。 2.主动、被动的句式要一致。
3.变成的被动语态的主语与谓语在单复数上保持一致。
试做下面的练习：
1.She often learns English in the morning._______________________________________
2.Tom helped me to clean the bed room._________________________________________
3.We will plant trees tomorrow.________________________________________________
4.I have ever seen the film.________________________________________________
5.You can invite him to go to the concert .___________________________________________
含有情态动词can,may, must , need,should,will,might,could的被动语态结构应该是：_________
三、 特殊情况的被动语态：
1.带双宾语的被动语态： 动词+ sb(间宾) +sth(直宾)
口诀：如遇双宾语，一般变间宾，若把直宾变，to /for 间宾连。
1).give/pass /show 与介词to 搭配。
give sb sth —— sb +be given sth 或 sth +be given +to sb .
2).buy/make/cook 与介词for 搭配。
buy sb sth —— sb +be bought + sth 或 sth +be bought +for sb
1.He gave me a book →I ______ ______ a book by him. ‚→A book ____ ____ _____ me by him .
2.My mother made me a cake .
→I ____ _____ a cake by my mother ‚→A cake ____ ____ ____ me by my mother .
3. Can you pass me the book?___________________________‚______________________
2.带省to 的不定式作宾补的被动语态：动词+ sb + do sth .
口诀：主动语态to离去被动语态to回来。意思就是变成被动语态时将省略的to还原。
动词：make / let /have /see /hear /feel /watch
make sb do sth →sb + be +made +to do sth
See sb do sth.→ sb +be +seen +to do sth.
The boss made the workers work all day
The workers ____ ____ ____ work all day by the boss.
4.以动词短语作谓语的主动语态变被动语态时，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。
We should take care of the old . The old should ______ _____ _____ _____ .
She has run out of her money.→______________________________________
一、选择题
( )1._____ a new library _____ in our school last year?
A. Is; built B. Was; built C. Does; build D. Did ; build
( )2. An accident ____ on this road last week.
A. has been happened B. was happened C. is happened D. happened
( )3.Cotton（棉花） ____ in the southeast of China.
A. is grown B. are grown C. grows D. grow
( )4.So far, the moon ____ by man already.
A. is visited B. will be visited C. has been visited D. was visited
( )5.A talk on Chinese history _____ in the school hall next week.
A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. gives
( )6.How many trees ____ this year?
A. are planted B. will plant C. have been planted D. planted
( )7.A lot of things ____ by people to save the little girl now.
A. are doing B. are being done C. has been done D. will be done
( )8.--When ___ this kind of computers______? --Last year.
A. did; use B. was; used C. is; used D. are; used
( )9.The Great Wall ____ all over the world.
A. knows B. knew C. is known D. was known
( )10.Who _____ this book _____?
A. did; written B. was; written by C. did; written D. was; written
( )11.A story _____ by Granny yesterday.
A. was told us B. was told to us C. is told us D. told us
( )12.The monkey was seen _____ off the tree.
A. jump B. jumps C. jumped D. to jump
( )13.The school bag ___ behind the chair.
A. puts B. can be put C. can be putted D. can put
( )14.Older people ____ well.
A. looks after B. must be looked after C. must look after D. looked after
( )15.Our teacher ______ carefully.
A. should be listened to B. should be listen C. be listened D. is listened
二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。(请注意时态和语态两个方面)
1.It's said(据说) that the long bridge______________（build）in two months．
2.Where to have the meeting ______________ （discuss）now．
3.Which language _______the most widely_______（speak）in the world？
4.The lost boy_____________（not find）so far．
5.Last year a large number of trees______________（cut）down．
6. The students _____ often _____(tell) to take care of their desks and chairs.
7. The old man is ill. He ______ (must send) to the hospital.
8. Vegetables, eggs and fruits_________ (sell) in this shop.
9. What _______ knives ______ (make) of ? They_______________(make) of metal(金属) and wood.
10. Can the magazine ________ (take) out of the library?
11. The room _____________ (clean) by me every day.
12. The stars can’t _____________ (see) in the daytime.
13. Some flowers _______________ (water) by Li Ming already. 14. This kind of shoes __________ (sell) well.
15. How long _____ your uncle ______(be) in the city? 16. The food _____________ (smell) delicious.
17. Look! Someone __________(dance).
三、按要求改写下列句子，一空一词。 （1×30=30分）
1.Is tea grown in South China？（改为主动语态）
_______ people _________ tea in South China？
2.I am given a birthday present by my parents every year．（同义句转换）
A birthday present _______ _______ _______ _______by my parents every year．
3.The work is going to be finished in two days. (对划线提问)
How_______ _______ the work going to be finished ?
4. The children will sing an English song. (改为被动语态)
An English song ______ ______ _______ by the children.
5. You needn't do it now. (改为被动语态)
It ______ ________ ________ by you now.
6. People use metal for making machines. (改为被动语态)
Metal ________ _________ _______making machines.
7. He made me do that for him. (改为被动语态)
I ______ ________ ________ ______ that for him.
8.They are watching the football match.
The football match _______ _______ _______ by them.
9.Did they build a bridge here a year ago? (改为被动语态)
__________ a bridge ____________ here by them a year ago?
10.They have sold out the light green dresses. (改为被动语态)
The light green dresses ________ _________ ___________ out.
11.We call the game “Lianliankan”. (改为被动语态)
The game _______ ________ “Lianliankan” by us.
四、 根据所给汉语完成句子，一空一词。
①The new bike ______ ______ _____ _____ （买给我）by my parents as a present last week．
②_______ your mobile phone _______ _______ ________（是国产的吗）？
③The whole mountain is _________ _________ (覆盖) the snow.
五、 下列各句均有一处错误，请找出并改正过来。
①I have a lot of homework to be done tonight． ____________
②Is your history teacher listened carefully in class？ ____________
③Lei Feng's name remembered by all Chinese people． ____________
④The music is sounded beautiful. ____________
⑤By who was this new educational CD-ROM designed ? ____________