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八年级上册语法专题之
——形容词副词的比较级与最高级
形容词分为三种等级:原级,比较级与最高级。
一、形容词的原级及用法
◆形容词的原级(形容词本来面目不作变化)
1.表示没有进行比较或进行同级比较
2.可以修饰原级的词: very、quite、 enough(“足够”,用在形容词后)so pretty too how rather(相当) (not) as…as (“(不)像…一样”,同级比较) not so…as (“不像…一样”,同级比较)
e.g. How happy we are! 我们多么高兴啊！
This ruler is as long as that one. 这把尺子和那把一样长。(变否定句)
This ruler is not as/so long as that one.
二、形容词比较级最高级变化规则
①单音节词比较级在词尾加er,最高级加est
cold —colder —coldest tall —taller —tallest
high —higher —highest long —longer —longest
②以字母e结尾的词只加r或st
nice —nicer —nicest late —later —latest
fine —finer —finest
③重读闭音节双写辅音字母再加er或est
big —bigger —biggest hot —hotter —hottest
wet — wetter —wettest thin —thinner —thinnest red—redder —reddest fat —fatter —fattest
sad —sadder —saddest
④以辅音字母+y结尾的词把y变i再加er或est
easy — easier — easiest early — earlier — earliest
funny — funnier — funniest happy — happier — happiest
heavy— heavier — heaviest dirty — dirtier — dirtiest
⑤多音节词、部分双音节词(特别是ful结尾及v.+ed/ing构成的形容词)及个别单音节词(fun)在前面加more或most
interesting important difficult excitied tired
careful popular expensive boring fun
⑥不规则变化
little — less — least good / well — better — best
bad / ill / badly —— worse —— worst
many / much —— more —— most
old —— older —— oldest (年龄大的,与than连用)
old — elder — eldest(“年长的”,只作定语不与than连用)
far —— farther —— farthest (距离远)
far —— further —— furthest (除距离外,还指程度上更进一步的)
★★口诀：合二为一共三对, “坏、病”、“两多”并“两好”； 一分为二有两个，一是“远来”、二是“老”； 还有一词含双义，只记“少”来不记“小”。
◆副词比较级和最高级的变化规则大致与此相同
三、比较级用法
1.表示两者之间进行比较,“更…”
2.可以修饰比较级的词: much = a lot (…得多)
a little = a bit (…一点点) even (甚至) far (远远…) any (丝毫,稍微, 用于否定和疑问句中)
3.比较级标志: than or
4.形容词比较级句式:
①A + be + 形容词的比较级 + than + B. (A比B…)
②Which/Who +be +形容词比较级, A or B? (哪个/谁更…, A 还是B？)
练习写出下列句子
凯特很瘦。
凯特和玛丽谁更瘦？
玛丽比凯特更瘦。
玛丽比凯特更瘦吗？是的,她是。
这个书包和这个箱子不一样沉。
这个书包和这个箱子哪个更沉？
这个箱子比书包更沉。
5.副词比较级句式:①A＋实义动词＋副词的比较级＋than B. (A…得比B…)
②Which/Who +实义动词三单, A or B? (哪个/谁…得更…, A还是B？)
练习写出下列句子
自行车和轿车哪个走得快？
轿车比自行车走得快。
这只羊和这只狗跑得不一样快。
这只羊比狗跑得快吗？
吉姆比汤姆上床睡觉早。
(上句同义句) ___________________________________________
6.比较级特殊用法:
①the +比较级+of the two… —— “两者中较…的”
他是两个男孩中较高的。He’s the taller of the two boys.
②“比较级+and+比较级”或“more and more +多音节词” —— “越来越…”
他越来越高。 He’s taller and taller.
英语越来越重要 English is more and more important.
③The+比较级…, the+比较级… —— “越…, 越…”
你越快乐就越美丽。The happier you are, the more beautiful you are.
④not +比较级+than… —— “不如…, 不比…”
no +比较级+than… —— “一样都不…”
You are not taller than me. 你不比我高。
You are no taller than me. 你和我一样都不高。
⑤比较级+than any other +sig.+in+同一范围
—— “比同一范围中其他任何一个更…”
比较级+than any +sig.+in+非同一范围
——“比非同一范围中任何一个更…”
She’s nicer than any other girl in her class.她比班里其他任何一个女孩都漂亮。
(主语本身就在比较范围之中,因此是在同一范围就主语与其他任何一个比较)
She’s nicer than any girl in her sister’s class.
她比她妹妹班里任何一个女孩都漂亮。
(主语不在该较范围之中,因此主语可以与该范围内任何一个作比较)
◆该用法虽然出现了in所引导的比较范围但是仍要用比较级,此成为用比较级表示最高级,实质是最高级。
四、最高级用法
1.表示三者或三者以上的比较,“最…”
2.形容词最高级前必须加the,副词前的the可以省略。
3.最高级标志:in of or
4.句式:①the + 最高级 +(n.) + in +比较范围
我是我们班最聪明的。I’m the cleverest in our class.
②the + 最高级 +(n.) + of +同类事物
这本书是所有书中最有趣的。The book is the most interesting of all the books.
③Which/Who +v.(单数) +最高级, A, B or C?
Jay, Will和JJ谁最收欢迎？ Who is the most popular, Jay, Will or JJ?
五、例题解析与难点攻克
◆主语为人时than后面的比较对象若用代词用主格还是宾格？
请判断正误:
1. She looks nicer than I do. ( )
She looks nicer than I. ( )
She looks nicer than me. ( )
Notes:than可以作连词其后跟省略句,该省略句构成为(主格+助动词/be/情态动词),而谓语部分可省略; than还可以作介词在口语中跟人称代词宾格
◆主语为物时的比较对象的一致性问题
2.Her hair is longer than her mother. ( )
Her hair is longer than her mother’s. ( )
3.My bag is bigger than you. ( )
My bag is bigger than your. ( )
My bag is bigger than your bag. ( )
My bag is bigger than yours. ( )
Notes:比较对象应与主语对等,当主语为限定词+n.时,than后的其比较对象可为:
①限定词+n.
②名词所有格(一般省略其后相同的名词)
③名词性物主代词(=形容词性物主代词+n.) mine yours his hers its ours theirs
4.The weather of Beijing is colder than Shanghai. ( )
The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Shanghai. ( )
Notes:当主语有后置定语修饰时,为保证比较对象一致,常用that/thoes 指代比较对象。
◆比较范围
5.The Changjing River is the longest ____ China.
The Changjing River is the longest ____all the rivers in China.
Notes:在最高级中,in后跟比较范围,of后跟进行比较的同类事物。
6.China is larger than any country in Asia. ( )
China is larger than any other country in Asia( )
◆同义句转换问题
7.He is taller than anyone else in the class.
= He is taller ____ ____ _____ student in the class.
= He is taller _____ _____ ______ students in the class.
= He is the ____ ____ student in the class.
Notes:同一范围内比较
比较级+than any other +sig.+in =比较级+than anyone else +in…
=比较级+than the other +pl.+in… (只有同一范围比较才能出现other/else)
非同一范围内比较 比较级+than any+sig.+in…
8. This coat is more expensiver than that one.
= That coat is ________ than this one.
= That coat isn’t _____ big _____ this one.
Notes: A+v.+比较级+than+B (A比B更…)
= B+v.+比较级反义词+than+A (B 比A更…)
= B+v.+not as(so)… as… (B与A不一样…)
◆“less+多音节词原级+than…” “不如…” — 降级比较
= That coat is less expensive than this one.
Self-Check
一、单项选择
1.I feel tired, so I want to go to bed ____ tonight.
A.early B.earlier C.late D.later
2.The food of our country is ___ than that of western countries.
A.rather good than B.much better than
C.more better than D.so goos as
3.The ice in the lake is as ____ as it was before.
A.thin B.thinner C.thinnest Dthe thinnest
4.Who is _____ running star in your school?
A.famous B.more famous C.the most famous D.less famous
5.—Which season do you like _____? —Summer.
A.good B.well C.the better D.best
6.Lucy’s pen is ___ nicer than yours.
A.too B.more C.quite D.a little
7.—Is your brother as outgoing as you? —No, he’s a quiet boy. He is ________.
A.less outgoing than me B.not so calm as I
C.more outgoing than me D.as outgoing as I
8.—How are you today? —Much ____.
A.good B.well C.better D.the best
9.Tom’s card is newer than ____.
A.our B.her C.my D.his
10.___ is more beautiful than roses.
A. No other flower B. No another flower C. Not other flower D. Not all flowers
11.Mary studies harder ______ in her class.
A. as any one B. than any other girl C. than the other D. than anyone
二、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1.He is 3 times as _____(old) as me.
2.I’m too tired to go any _________.(far)
3.Who is _____, Lily or Lucy?
4.Tom is the _______(heavy) of the three.
5.Tom is the _______ of the two boys.
6.Russia is _______(large) than any other country in the world.
7.His computer is the _______________(expensive) of all.
8.You are pretty ___________(beautiful).
9.The book is ____________(useful) than that one.
10.Who’s the _________(healthy) , you, he or she?
11.How ______(small) the shirt is! I want a ________ (big) one.
12.You have _______(short) and ______(curly) hair than Susan.
13.Is this street a lot ______(noisy) than that one?
14.I feel much _____________(excited) now.
15.Soccer is becoming _____ and ______ _________(popalar) in China.
16.My sister doesn’t write as _____(good) as I do.
17.The ______(much) you practice, the ______ (good) your English will be.
18.No other animal is _______(scary) than a snake.
19.Math is less ________(difficult) than English.
20.What a _______(funny) boy!
21.You’re _______(bad) at sports than me.
22.It’s the third _______ (long) river in China.
三、句型转换
1.I have a big bag. He has a small bag. (合并) My bag is _____ than ______.
2.You are funny. He’s funny, too. (合并)You are ______ funny _____ him.
3.Tom is thinner than Sam. (同义句)
=Sam is ______ than Tom. =Sam isn’t as ______ as Tom.
4.He and I are the same. We are quite boys. (合并) He is _____ quite _____ I.
5.They’re tall. You’re tall. too.But I’m taller than anyone else. (合并)
I’m _____ ______ of all.
【形容词比较级语法专项练习题】
1. I think real cards are ____ than e-cards. ( 2008北京中考)
A. nice B. nicer C. nicest D. the nicest
2. Lee came to Beijing in 2005. He has been here_____than you. ( 2009北京中考)
A. long B. longer C. longest D. the longest
3. —Which color do you like ________, blue or green? ( 2010北京中考)
—Blue.
A. good B. better C. best D. the best
4. I work hard this term, but Peter works much ____.( 2012北京中考)
A. hard B. harder C. hardest D. the hardest
5. Debbie is growing fast. She is even____________ than her mother. ( 2013北京中考)
A. tall B. taller C. tallest D. the tallest
6. —Which season do you like _________，winter or summer? ( 2014北京中考)
—Summer.
A. well B. better C. best D. the best
7. His suit looks ______ than the one I bought yesterday. (2013- 2014石景山期末)
A. good B. better C. best D. the best
8. I like English very much. I think it’s a little ____than math. (2013- 2014朝阳区期末)
A. easy B. easier C. easiest D. the easiest
9. Peter works hard on Chinese this term, but Alice works even _______. ( 2013-2014大兴一模)
A. hard B. harder C. hardest D. the hardest
10. I think skiing is __________ than climbing. That’s why I like it.
A. exciting B. more exciting C. most exciting D. the most exciting ( 2013-2014石景山一模)
形容词、副词（原级、比较级和最高级）练习
A 部分
I 用适当形式填空：
1. Bob is _________ (young) than Fred but ___________ (tall) than Fred.
2. Ying Tian is not as ___________ (tall) as Yong Xian.
3. Almost all the students' faces are the same but Li Deming looks _______ (fat) than before the holidays,
4.Which is _________ (heavy),a hen or a chicken?
5.-- How _________ (tall) is Sally?
-- She' s 1.55 metres ________ (tall). What about Xiaoling? She' s only 1.40 metres _____(tall).
She is much ___ (short) than Sally. She is also the ___ (short) girl in the class.
6. He is _____ (bad) at learning maths. He is much _____ (bad) at Chinese and he is the _______ (bad) at English.
7. Annie says Sally is the ________ (kind) person in the world.
8. He is one of the_________(friendly) people in the class, I think.
9. A dictionary is much _________ (expensive) than a story-book.
10. An orange is a little ______ (big) than an apple, but much ________ (small) than a watermelon.
11. The Changjiang River is the _______ (long) river in China.
12. Sue is a little ________ (beautiful) than her sister.
13. My room is not as _________ (big) as my brother' s.
14.--How difficult is physics? --I' m not sure. -- Is it ________ (difficult) than maths?
-- I don’t think so.
15.Annie plays the piano very _____ (well). Sue plays it ___ (well) than Annie. And Sally plays it the ____ (well).
16. Saturday is my _________ (busy) day in a week.
17. Her mother is getting ____________(fat) and ________ (fat).
18. I think it’s too expensive. I’d like a _____________ (cheap) one.
19. He comes to school much ____________ (early) than I.
20.This book is not as _____________ (interesting) as that one.
21. Your classroom is __________(wide) and _________(bright) than ours.
22. Practise as __________ (much) as you can.
23. The ________ (much), the ____________ (good).
24. Nowadays English is _________( important ) than any other subject, 1 think.
25. Most of the students think a lion is much ________(dangerous) than a bear and it is the ______ (dangerous) animal in the world.
II改错：
1. He is as taller as I am.
2. She is a little thiner than she looks.
3. Bob is heavier than any other boys in the class.
4.The girls study the better than the boy.
5. It is one of the most interesting book than I have ever read.
6. He says Mary is most friendliest person in the class.
7. Which city is most beautiful, Beijing or Guangzhou?
8. Jack works hard. Mike works very harder than Jack.
9. London is the bigger city in Britain.
10.Bob plays football badly but Fred plays football much badlier than Bob.
III完成句子：
1 她看起来不如玛丽年轻。 She doesn't look __________ _________ __________ Mary.
2.杰克的父亲比母亲大一岁。
Jack's father is __________ _________ _________ than her mother.
3.我们的教室比他们的明亮得多。Our classroom is ___________ ___________ than theirs.
4.当心！这条路越来越危险。
Look out! The mad is becoming ________ and _________ ________.
5.你喜欢哪种动物，猫还是狗？ Which animal do you like __________, a cat or a dog?
Ⅳ单项选择
1.This box is________ that one.
A. heavy than B. so heavy than C. heavier as D. as heavy as
2. When we speak to people, we should be __________.
A. as polite as possible B. as polite as possibly
C. as politely as possible D. as politely as possibly
3. This book is______ that one, but______ than that one.
A. as difficult as; expensive B. as more difficult as; more expensive
C. as difficult as; more expensive D. more difficult as; as expensive
4. I think the story is not so ____ as that one.
A. interesting B. interested C. more interesting D. most interesting
5. His father began to work______ he was seven years old.
A. as old as B. as early as C. since D. while
6. I think science is _______ than Japanese.
A. much important B. important C. much more important D. more much important
7. This pencil is______ than that one.
A. longest B. long C. longer D. as long
8. My mother is no _______ young.
A. shorter B. longer C. little D. few
9. These children are ________ this year than they were last year.
A. more tall B. more taller C. very taller D. much taller
10. It was very hot yesterday, but it is____ today. A. even hotter B. more hotter C. much more hot D. much hot
11. Mrs. Black has got_______ instead of getting any better.
A. more bad B. a little worse C. much badly D. a lot of worse
12. When we arrived, we found the meeting room crowded with_______ students.
A. quite a few B. only a few C. few D. a few quite
13. The house is _______ small for a family of six.
A. much too B. too much C. very much D. so
14. Through the window we can see nothing but _______ buildings.
A. tall very many B. very many tall C. very tall many D. many very tall
15. -What's your brother like? -He is_______.
A. a driver B. very tall C. my friend D. at school
16. The jacket was so_______ that he decided to buy it.
A. much B. little C. expensive D. cheap
17. Our classroom is________ larger than theirs.
A. more B. quite C. very D. much
18. The earth is about___ as the moon.
A. as fifty time big B. fifty times as big C. as big fifty times D. fifty as times big
19. Your room is ________ mine.
A. twice as large than B. twi
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