英语表格常用归纳词汇.doc

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英语表格常用归纳词汇
1.时间类：time/ period/ dynasty (朝代)/ phase (阶段、时期)/ age/ date / when
2.地点类：place/ location/ site/ position/ state/ country/ birthplace/ area/ region (地区)/zone (区域)/ field/ aspect (方位)/ where
3.事件类：events/ situation/ phenomenon (现象)/ program/project/ theme (主题)/ topic/ object (目标、对象)/ content (内容)/ what
4.特点类：feature/ character (个性、品质、人物)/ characteristic (特点、特征)
5.原因类：cause (起因)/ reason (原因、理由)/ source (来源)/ origin (起源)/ root (根源)/ why
6.目的类：purpose/ aim / goal/ intention (意图)/ desire (愿望)/ wish/ dream
7．结果类：effect/ influence (影响)/ result/ consequence (后果)/ ending/ achievement (成就)
8.方法类：solution (解决办法)/ measure (措施、手段)/ step/ way/ approaches (方法)/ key/ method/ means/ suggestion/ tip /advice
9.观点类：conclusion/ summary (总结、摘要)/vies/ opinion/ viewpoint (观点)/ attitude (态度)/ manner/ comment (评论)/ remark (评论、评价)
10.问题类：question/ problem/ issue (重大的问题)/ puzzle (难题)/ wonder (疑惑)/ doubt/ suspicion (疑点)
11.性质类：quality (品质)/.size/shape/ property (性质)/distance/ width/ weight/ direction
12.过程类：procedure (程序、过程)/ process (过程)/ course (过程、课程)
13.对比类：comparison (比较)/ contrast (对比)/difference/ distinction (区别、差异)/ similarity (相似点、类似之处)/ advantage/ (优点) /disadvantage (缺点)/ benefit (利益、好处)/ harm
14种类类：kind/ type/ classification (分类、类别)/ category (种类、类别)/ species (物种)
15.说明类：definition (定义)/ example/sample (范例、样本、标本)/ figure (数字)/ proof (证明、证据)/ evidence (证据)/ instruction (说明)/ explanation (解释、说明)
16.模糊类：unmentioned (没提到)/ not mentioned/ not clear / unclear/ indistinct (不清楚)/ vague (不清楚、模糊)/ percentage (百分比、百分率)/
17.其他类：分布,分配(distribution) / 职业(occupation /job ) / 设备(equipment/ facility) / 职位(position ) / 资源(resource) / 来源 历史(source/ origin/ root ) / 人口(population) / 程度(degree) / 事件(incident/event ) / 反应(response ) / 质量(quality) / 数量(quantity) / 速度(speed) / 经历(experience) / 材料(material) / 重要性（importance /significance）/ 积极的（positive）/ 消极的（negative）/ 指导（guidance / instructions）/ 身份（identity）
Complete the following sentence according to the information above. Write NO MORE THAN 3 WORDS for each blank

一、用’s形式代替of所有格形式。
1. They carried out a study on the condition of mothers.
→ They carried out a mother’s condition study.
2. The couple was very annoyed about the bad behaviors of their son at school. They decided to visit his head-teacher themselves.
→ Annoyed about their son’s bad behaviors, the couple decided to visit his head-teacher themselves.
3. Be sure to keep all medicine locked up out of a child’s reach.
→ All medicine must be beyond children’s reach.
二、用可数名词复数代替单数可数名词表示泛指。
4. Maintaining a good balanced diet is one of the ways to improve mood naturally.
→ Maintaining good-balanced diets is one of the ways to improve mood naturally.
5. Every minute of a Senior Three student is of great importance.
Senior Three students’ every minute is very important.
三、用单词取代短语。
6. Every possibility has to be taken into consideration before taking action.
Every possibility must be considered before taking action.
7. Millions of people in the world are faced with a lifetime of disabilities.
Millions of people in the world face a lifetime of disabilities.
8. As her boy friend, you are surely expected to take part in her birthday party.
→ Since you are her boy friend, she certainly expects you to attend her birthday party.
9. They sent cacao beans back to Spain by sea.
→ They shipped cacao beans back to Spain.
10. It is reported that the conference is of vital importance for the whole world.
→ The conference is reported to be very important for the whole world.
11. Some experts are considering how to deal with the pollution of the water in this area..
→ Some experts are considering how to deal with the water pollution in this area.
12. Some transgenic (转基因的) foods, developed for animals have been found to result in allergic (过敏的) reactions in some individuals.
→ Some transgenic foods, developed for animals, cause allergic reaction has been found in some individuals.
13. According to the timetable, we go to the British Museum on Thursday and the Tower of London on Friday.
→ We are scheduled / timetabled to go to the British Museum on Thursday and the Tower of London on Friday.
四、用过去分词短语、现在分词短语、介词短语、副词短语代替定语从句。
14. The house which was built in 1970 stayed up in the big earthquake.
→ The house built in 1970 didn’t fall down in the big earthquake.
15. Do you notice the man who is standing over there? He’s looking up and down you.
→ Do you notice the man standing over there? He’s looking up and down you.
16. It is against the law to sell tobacco to someone under 16.
→ It is illegal to sell tobacco to someone under 16.
17. Fire will go out in the absence of oxygen.
→ Fire will go out without oxygen.
18. You should consume foods which contain carbohydrates (糖类), proteins, fats, minerals and vitamins in adequate quantities for fulfilling the energy needs of your body.
→ You should consume foods containing carbohydrates, proteins, fats, minerals and vitamins …
19. Help others who are in need will help improve your mood greatly.
→ Helping others in need will help improve your mood greatly.
20. The number of visitors has been going down.
→ There has been a steady decrease / decline in the number of visitors.
五、用分词短语代替句子。
21. Because there are not any cures for Aids, many patients dropped into desperation.
→ There being no cures for Aids, many patients dropped into desperation.
六、词性转换。
22. Many measures have been taken in keeping the balance of ecosystem.
→ Many measures have been taken in balancing ecosystem
23. Cacao beans need to grow in a hot and humid climate.
→ A hot and humid climate is good for the growth of cacao beans.
24. It’s important to increase your self-confidence if you want to behave well in the speech contest.
→ It is important for you to have an increase in your self-confidence if you want to behave well in the speech contest.
25. All the students were very interested in the film.
→ The film interested the students a lot.
26. He was honored for being devoted to his scientific research.
→ He was honored for his devotion to his scientific research.
27. If the cough medicine contains alcohol, you may consult your physician for a replacement.
→ Replace the medicine with a different one if it contains alcohol.
28. Build a mutually beneficial relationship with others.
→ A relationship which can benefit both sides should be established.
七、短语的转换。
29. The medical group was made up of seven doctors as well as five nurses and they set out early the next morning.
→ The medical group consisting of seven doctors and five nurses set out early the next morning.
30. It was reported that a 9.0 magnitude earthquake hit off the east coast of Honshu, northern Japan on Friday 11 March 2011.
→ A 9.0 magnitude earthquake was said to have happened off the east coast of Honshu, northern Japan on Friday 11 March 2011.
31. Scientists said that it was likely that a tsunami was on the way.
→ Scientists said that a tsunami is likely to come
32. Both her parents are laid-off workers, but they managed to send her to university.
→ Both her parents are out of work at home, but they managed to send her to university.
33. Going to a peaceful far-off place which is away from the pollution and noise of the city greatly helps to improve mood naturally.
→ Going to a peaceful far-off places without pollution and noise helps to improve mood naturally.
34. Two points in this report are especially worthy of notice.
→ Two points in this report are especially worth being noticed.
35. We would do our best to save our city.
→ We would do everything / all / what we can to save our city.
36. By taking part in a home-stay program ,they can learn about American customs
→ They can learn about American customs by participating in a home-stay program.
37. The days when people make full use of the energy from the sun are sure to come.
→ The days when solar energy is made full use of are sure to come.
38. The older generation can take a lesson from today’s youth and learn how they use technology for a better life.
→ The old can learn from the young how to use technology for a better life.
39. 61% say that common sense is very important in contributing to their success.
→ 61% say it plays an important part / role in their success.
八、句式转换。
40. Self-control can be developed .Start exercising frequently and get yourself a meditation practice.
→ Self-control for success can be developed by exercising and practicing.
41. Heavy clouds cut the power of the solar-powered batteries.
→ The power of the solar- powered batteries was cut because of heavy clouds
42. Mandarin instructors are difficult to import and difficult to train.
→ We have much difficulty in importing and training mandarin instructors.
43. Try your best to run fast and I’m sure you can run first.
→ Run as fast as possible, and I’m sure you can run first.
44. You have to spend a lot of time on it.
→ You have to devote much time to learning it .
45. We should pay great attention to monitoring the radioactive materials coming from Japan.
→ Great attention should be fixed on monitoring the radioactive materials coming from Japan.
46. A busy life may make you feel too tired to achieve the inner peace.
→ A busy life will prevent you from achieving the inner peace.
47. Each effort to simplify your life (简单化你的生活) does have the possibility to bring happiness to your life.
→ Each effort to simplify your life may help / possibly make you achieve happiness.
48. An expectorant (祛痰剂) will thin your mucus (黏液)，but you should drink a lot of water at the same time.
→ An expectorant may make your mucus thin, but you should drink lots of water at after taking the medicine.
49. You can use the technology available to keep you happy.
→ You can live happily by using the technology available .
50. Your doctors and nutritionists will definitely ask you to give up the habit of alcohol to improve your overall health.
→ Your doctors and nutritionists will definitely ask you to stop / quit smoking to improve your overall health.
九、读懂句子，根据大意，用适当形式改写。
51. Please put the book where it was after reading them.
→ Please replace the books after reading them.
52. Your restaurant be planned and decorated according to the theme you have chosen.
→ Make the decoration of the restaurant in agreement with the chosen theme.
53. Don’t choose a name that is difficult for people to spell and pronounce.
→ Select a restaurant name t people can spell and pronounce easily.
54. Build a mutually beneficial relationship with others.
→ A relationship which can benefit both sides should be established.
55. HIV infected 2.5 million and 2 million died of AIDS.
→ HIV infected 2.5 million and killed 2 million last year.
56. Parents often look down upon their teenage children.
→ It’s true for parents to form too low an estimate (评价) of their children.
57. Some ways you can do to help protect animals can be found on our website.
→ You can find some ways of helping protect animals on our website.
58. We hope more money will be invested in the training programs.
We hope there will be more invested money in the training programs.
59. Birds use their colors to tell other to stay away from their nests.
→ Birds use their colors to stop other birds from getting close to their nests.
60. Our research finds out a number of qualities that occur regularly among top achievers.
Our research finds out that top achievers have many common qualities.
61. The new number may lead to a drop in some organizations’ financial support.
→ Because of the new number, some organizations may supply less financial support.
62. I can hardly sleep well these days.
→ I often suffer from lack of sleep these days.
63. We can turn on the central heating and air conditioner when we feel cold or hot.
→ The central heating and air conditioner help us get cooler or warmer.
64. It requires enormous firmness for westerners to learn a language like Chinese.
→ It is lack of firmness that makes it difficult for westerners to learn Chinese
65. When Columbus gave the information back to the Spanish Queen and King …
→ When Columbus reported to the Spanish Queen and King …
66. The risk of heart attacks and other health problems will become greater if you smoke.
→ Smoking increases / multiples the risk of heart attacks and other health problems.
67. To most, common sense means the ability to present sound, practical judgments on everyday affairs.
To most, it means one is able to judge / handle daily affairs by focusing on what really counts.
68. Luckily , better treatments are saving lives ,and more people are getting the drugs
→ The organization is supplying more people with better treatment and drugs.

Exercises two:
Directions: Read the following passage. Complete the diagram by using the information for the passage. Write NO MORE THAN 3 WORDS for each answer.
Section A
 Dengue fever is sometimes called “break-bone fever.” It produces intense pain in the muscles and joints and behind the eyes. People get severe headaches. There are no cures, but most people recover, though some take a long time.
Dengue is spread through the bite of infected mosquitoes. Four related viruses cause the disease. Recovery from one of them provides lifetime protection only against that virus.
Scientists at research centers around the world say they are making progress toward vaccines to protect against dengue fever. Robert Edelman at the University of Maryland is an expert in dengue vaccine research. He says at least two experimental vaccines have moved beyond laboratory tests and are now being tested in people.
The World Health Organization currently estimates that there may be fifty million dengue infections worldwide every year. It strikes cities and rural areas mainly in warm, wet climates. It causes physical as well as economic pain.
Dengue is now found in more than one hundred countries. About forty percent of the world population is at risk. Southeast Asia and the western Pacific are the most seriously affected. But it also affects Africa, the eastern Mediterranean and the Americas.
Doctor Edelman noted that in a severe outbreak this year in Brazil, so many people got sick that hospitals in Rio de Janeiro state had to close. The army set up field hospitals in April and doctors came from other areas to help treat patients. In Vietnam, health officials say patients have sometimes had to share hospital beds because of large numbers of cases.
The WHO says dengue is spreading to new areas and producing major outbreaks. Venezuela, for example, reported more than eighty thousand cases last year. These included more than six thousand cases of dengue