英语专业四级考试语法复习资料大全解析.doc

一、考纲要求及语法知识常考点（一） 动词基本时态、语态组成及其使用方法2. 动词语态 1) 不能用于被动语态动词和短语 （1）在英语中，不及物动词不能用于被动语态，但有些不及物动词（包含短语）轻易引发误用。如：appear, belong to, die, escape, fall, happen, last, succeed, occur, take place, consist of。 Our success belongs to all the people present. 我们成功属于在座每一个人。（2）一些表示状态或特征及物动词，如：become, contain, cost, fit, have, resemble, suit也没有被动语态。 2) 少数动词主动语态有时有被动意思 （专业四级英语主要考点）例1：The book is selling remarkably well.这本书卖得很好 例2：The song sounds very beautiful. 这首歌听起来很优美。 能这么用动词还有read（读起来），clean（擦起来），wash（洗起来），write（写起来）。 例3：My watch needs cleaning. (= My watch needs to be cleaned). 能像need这么用动词还有：want, require, deserve等。 例4：The meat is cooking. 例5：The shop doesnt open（营业）on Sunday. 试比较：The door was opened by Tom. 3) 注意几个基本句型（专业四级英语主要考点）It is said （听说）.，It is reported （据报道）, It is widely believed（人们广泛认为）; It is expected （据期望，应该） It is estimated. ( 据估量), It was said, It was believed It was thought ( 以前人们认为)。It is said that Sydney is beautiful。听说悉尼很漂亮。It is estimated that nearly 20 persons were killed in this accident. 据估量有20人在此次事故中丧生。 （三）非谓语动词1. 关于动词不定式考点以下： 考点一：直接接动词不定式做宾语动词。这一类动词往往表示请求、要求、选择、决定、打算、企图等。如： attempt企图，afford负担得起（重点词），demand要求，long渴望，destine注定，mean意欲，打算，expect期望，appear似乎，显得，determine决定，manage设法，pretend假装，agree同意，desire愿望，swear宣誓，volunteer志愿，wish希望，endeavor努力，offer提供，beg请求，fail不能，plan计划，prefer喜欢，宁愿，happen恰巧，prepare准备，decide决定，learn学习，regret抱歉，遗憾，hesitate犹豫，claim要求，promise承诺，允许，undertake负担，consent同意，赞同，intend想要，refuse拒绝，incline有倾向，propose提议I hope to visit this place again. 我希望能再度访问此地。I hesitate to spend so much money on the clothes. 我对要花那么多钱买衣服犹豫不决。My parents have consented to buy me a new electronic dictionary. 我父母同意给我买个新电子词典了。* 注意不定式完成与进行时态及被动使用方法：He pretended to be waiting for someone. 他假装着正等人。She was said to have been rich. 听说她曾经富有过。The building was reported to have been constructed. 据报道这座大楼已经建造好了。考点二：在以下情况下常使用不带(或省略)to动词不定式： 1) 感官动词后面：feel, listen, hear , see, watch, observeI saw a man enter the shop. 试比较：I saw him singing when I passed by.2) 个别表示使役意义动词，如：have, let, makeThe teacher has/makes/lets us write a composition every week.上述感觉动词或使役动词转换为被动结构时其后不定式通常需带to，如： The boy was made to go to bed early.3) 一些情态动词：had better, would rather do A than do B（宁可而不愿）, may as well（最好），can not（help）but（不得不）等句型，后接省to不定式。He cannot (help) but agree with his daughter. 他不得不一样意他女儿。 We might as well put up here for tonight. 我们最好还是在这里过夜。4) 主语从句及介词but, except, besides+to do(do)，如从句里或介词前有动词do，后面应接不带to不定式；如无do，则接to不定式，即带do不带to，带to不带do。如：The enemy soldiers had no choice but to surrender. 敌军没有选择只好投降。On Sunday afternoon I had nothing to do but watch TV. What I have to do is take a rest.考点四：不定式逻辑主语为：for +名词(或代词宾格)+ 不定式。比如： I found it impossible for him to do the job alone我发觉他个人干这活是不可能。 注)在表示人物性格、特征等形容词后面，惯用of引出不定式逻辑主语。比如： It was wise of him to do that他那样做是明智。2. 关于动名词考点以下：考点二：在以下it 作形式主语或形式宾语句型中，用动名词作逻辑主语或逻辑宾语。It is no use(no good, no point, no sense, a waste of time等名词) + doing sth. It is good ( nice, interesting, useless等形容词) + doing sth.;There is no point ( use, sense, good等名词) + doing sth.Its no use crying over spilt milk. 后悔没有用。It is good playing chess after supper晚饭后弈棋挺好。It is a waste of time trying to explain设法解释是浪费时间。There is no point in my going out to date someone. 现在让我出去和他人拍拖没有用。 There is no use crying over spilt milk牛奶洒了，哭也无用。考点三：在need, require, want, worth (形容词)等词后面接动名词形式表示被动意思，即用主动形式表示被动意义。假如接不定式，必须用不定式被动形式。Yourhairwantscutting.你头发该理了。This problem requires studying with great care这个问题需要仔细研究。Thebookisworthreading.这本书值得一读。考点四：以下短语中to 为介词，后面只能接动名词或名词。（注意：专业四级英语考试对to考点主要是介词，而非不定式原形） look forward to（渴望），take to（渐渐喜欢）, get down to（着手干）, be opposed to（反对），live up to, be devoted to（致力于）Nurses are devoted to caring the sick. 护士致力于病人护理事业。We are looking forward to seeing you again 我盼着再见到你。get down to ones work 静下心来工作考点五：以下动词既可接不定式，也可接动名词，但表示意义不一样。不定式通常表示事情还未发生；而动名词则表示事情已经发生于这些动词之前。这些动词有： 1）forget to do 忘记要去做某事（此事未做） forget doing忘记做过某事（此事已做过或已发生） 2）stop to do 停顿、中止（某件事），目标是去做另一件事 stop doing 停顿正在或经常做事 3）remember to do 记住去做某事（未做） remember doing记得做过某事(已做) 4) regret to do对要做事遗憾 regret doing对做过事遗憾、后悔 5）try to do努力、企图做某事 try doing试验、试一试某种方法 6) mean to do打算，有意要 mean doing意味着 7）go on to do 继而（去做另外一件事情） go on doing 继续（原先没有做完事情） 8）propose to do 打算（要做某事） propose doing提议（做某事） Dont you remember seeing the man before? 你不记得以前见过那个人吗? You must remember to leave tomorrow你可要记着是明天动身。 I dont regret telling her what I thought我不后悔给她讲过我想法。(已讲过) I regret to tell you that you failed the test. 我很遗憾要告诉你，你这次测试没有经过。You must try to be more careful你可要多加小心。 Lets try doing the work some other way让我们试一试用另外一个方法来做这工作。 I didnt mean to hurt your feeling我没想要伤害你感情。 Jumping from job to job means losing some benefit. 跳槽意味着要损失利益 (四) 虚拟语气组成及其使用方法考点一：if 从句句型 (共有三种句型)1. 与现在事实相反：从句用通常过去时，主句谓语用would (could, might, should) 动词原形If they were here, they would help you. 假如他们在这里，会帮助你。2. 与过去事实相反：从句用过去完成时，主句谓语用would (could, might, should) have + 过去分词If she had left home yesterday she should have arrived here. 假如她昨天就离开家，她早就该到这儿了。3. 与未来事实相反：从句用should (were to，did) + 动词原形，主句谓语用would (could, might) 动词原形If I were to (should) teach you, I would teach in English. 假如让我教你们，我就用英文讲课。 4. 在书面语中, 以上含有were, had, should, could从句能够把这些词放在主语前面进行倒装，并把if省略。 Had he worked harder, （if he had worked harder,）he would have got through the exam. 他假如工作努力话，早就应该经过这个考试了。5. 条件句发生动作和主句发生动作不一致时，也叫错综时间虚拟条件句。比如：条件句动作发生在过去，主句动作发生在现在)谓语动词要依照各自表示时间进行调整。If you had studied hard last term, you would not be preparing for the makeup exam. 假如上学期你刻苦学习话，就用不着现在准备补考。 考点二：It is (high /about / good) time that，表示“该是。时候了”，含有 “为时已晚” 意思， 表示提议现在应该做什么事，从句通惯用通常过去时。It is near midnight. Its time we left. 快午夜了，我们早该离开了。Its high time that we got up. 我们早该起床了。 考点三：在 would rather， would sooner （just as soon）， had rather，意为“宁可，希望”。从句用虚拟语气，若表示现在或未来事情，谓语通惯用过去时；若表示过去动作，用过去完成时。 I would rather that you did not do it. 我宁愿你不去做此事。（表示事情还没有发生。）. Id just as soon you had not done it. 我宁愿你没有做此事。（表示事情已经发生。）考点四： wish 句型 表示“希望，要是多好”语气wish后宾语从句用虚拟语气，其谓语部分有时态改变：表示对现在情况虚拟时，动词用通常过去时(如did)；对过去情况进行虚拟时，动词用“过去完成时(如had done)或情态动词过去时 + 动词现在完成时(如could have done)”形式；表示未来情况虚拟时，用“情态动词过去时形式 + 动词原形(如might do)。”I wish I were a bird.I wish she had not left last night. 要是她昨晚没有离开该多好呀。I wish he would forgive me. 我希望他能原谅我（实际上他不会原谅我）同例： 在as if /as though引导状语从句中和以 if only引发感叹句中，谓语动词与wish引导宾语从句中虚拟形式相同。例：He talked as if he had known Tom for a long time.He talks as if he were the boss. 他说起话来就像他是老板。If only I were free now！ (注意： if only后面主句被省略，意为：要是那该多好呀！ )If only he had not married! 要是他没有结婚，那就好了！考点五：在强制性语气宾语从句中， 即表示提议、劝说、命令等主观色彩动词 + that + (should) + 动词原形， 其中should 经常被省略。这类动词包含：insist, suggest, propose, recommend, demand, order, command, desire（希望）, require, advise, prefer, maintain(坚持)，decide，askI suggest that you (should) not be late again next time. 我提议你下次别再迟到了。He proposed that we (should) talk heart to heart. 他提议我们交心谈一谈。It is requested that I (should) make a speech at the meeting. 有些人请求我在会上讲话。注意一： 以上动词转化为名词(如：suggestion, proposal, demand, order, command, advice, desire, requirement, request, agreement, determination, preference ,等)后接同位语从句或表语从句时，从句要求用虚拟语气，其谓语部分用“(should)+ 动词原形” (should可省略)。We are all for your proposal that the discussion be put off. 我们都赞成你推迟讨论提议。My suggestion is that we (should) invite her. 我提议是我们邀请她。注意二：以上这类动词中有时候有动词宾语从句不用虚拟语气，必须依照句子意思来判断。 What he said suggested (表明) that he did not agree with us.考点六：It is/was + 形容词 + that + (should) + 动词原形，这些形容词主要表示必要性、主要性、强制性、适宜性、义务性。如：important, vital, natural, desirable, possible, advisable(明智), anxious, appropriate, compulsory(义务), crucial (至关紧要),essential(根本),imperative (强制), improper, necessary, obligatory (必须), preferable, urgent.It was essential that the application forms be sent back before the deadline. 关键是申请表要在最终期限之前交过来。It is necessary that we all（should）do our best to protect environment around us. 我们都必须尽我们最大努力来保护我们周围环境。It is incredible that she should have finished this job. 真令人难以置信，她竟然一个人做完了这项工作。（should have done形式时，should不能省略）考点七：在lest that ，for fear that，in case that 引导表示消极意义目标状语从句中惯用虚拟语气，表示“唯恐，以免”，从句用 should +动词原形，should不能省略。 He took a raincoat with him lest it should rain. 他怕下雨便带了一件雨衣。. He wrapped himself up for fear that he should catch cold. 他穿得很暖和，以防感冒。考点八：含蓄虚拟条件句含蓄虚拟条件句是指没有出现由if引导条件句，条件句意思是用其余方式表示。 如：without, but for, otherwise, or, given等等。Without your help, I couldnt have completed the task on time. 要不是你帮助，我不可能按时完成任务。（对过去虚拟）But for the English examination I would have gone to the concert last night. 假如没有英语考试，昨晚我就去参加音乐会。（对过去虚拟） But for the sun, there could be no life on the earth. =If it were not for the sun, 若没有太阳，地球上就没有生命。（对现在虚拟） Given more time, I would have finished the test. = if I had been given more time, 若再给我一点时间，我就能做完试题了。（五） 各类从句组成及其使用方法1名词性从句：即从句在整个句中起名词作用，分别能够作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，所以这类从句包含主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句侧重考查考生在一定语言环境下对英语从句语序、从句连接词利用以及主从句时态呼应等知识点掌握；考点一：主语从句：主要考查主语从句引导词；主句谓语动词，通惯用单数。1）It is well-known that the earth moves around the sun. 众所周知，地球围绕太阳转。（说明：由连词that引导主语从句，在大多数情况下用代词it作形式主语。）2）Whether we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather. 我们明天是否在户外开晚会要视天气而定。（此时不能用if引导主语从句，只能用whether。）3）When the sports meet will be held is not decided. 何时举行运动会还没有决定。4）Which car you will choose to buy makes no difference. 你决定买哪一辆车都不会有任何区分。考点二：宾语从句：主要考查宾语从句if与whether使用方法区分：1）whether和if常与or not连用，whether和or not 既可合起来使用，也可分开使用；if和or not只能分开使用。如： He asked whether(if)they would come or not.他问他们是否该来。 I dont know whether or not they will come.我不知道他们来不来。2）whether 引导宾语从句通常是必定句，if 引导宾语从句能够是必定也能够否定。如: She asked whether/if you had enough money.她问你是否有足够钱。 I dont care if it doesnt rain.我不在意是否下雨。（只能用if)考点三：表语从句：be动词或者系动词后面跟主语补足语。1）The question is whether the book is worth reading at all.（问题是这本书是否值得一读。）2）That is why we dont like it考点四：同位语从句（专业四级英语考查重点）同位语从句特点是由一个抽象名词+that从句组成，引导词通常是that, 而且that在从句中不充当任何成份。这些抽象名词有：news, idea, fact, doubt, evidence, promise, rumor, hope, truth, belief, message等，同位语从句是对抽象名词进行说明解释。如：1）We heard the news that he had won the game. 我们听到消息他赢得了比赛。 试比较：2）We heard the news that he had told her. 我们听到他对她说消息。（宾语从句）例2中that从句作用相当于一个形容词，其作用是修饰the news；例1中that从句作用相当于一个名词，是对the news深入说明。 有时假如主句谓语动词较短，为保持句子平衡，防止头重脚轻，同位语从句也常与要说明名词分开。比如：Word came that he died yesterday. 消息传来说他昨天死了。说明：当名词doubt用在否定句中时，其后同位语从句应用that引导；而用在必定句或疑问句中时则能够用其余词来引导。比如：I never have the doubt that you can look after yourself. 我从没有怀疑过你能够照看好自己。Some people have the doubt how such a little boy can lift so heavy a box. 这么一个小男孩怎么能举起这么重盒子，对此人们表示怀疑2形容词性从句（即定语从句）（复合句考查重点）定语从句主要用来修饰它前面先行词（名词或代词）从句，所以又称形容词从句。依照与先行词关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。定语从句主要考查引导定语从句关系代词和关系副词；介词引导词以及非限制性定语从句。对于定语从句，在历年专业四级英语试题中，相对集中地考查了非限制性定语从句、关系代词和关系副词选取、定语从句中一致关系以及介词+关系代词等知识点。考点一：引导定语从句引导词关于系代词（who, whom, which, that, whose）和关系副词(as, when, where, why)等。不过当以下情况出现时，对引导词有特殊要求。1） 当先行词是all, everything, nothing, something, little, much时；当先行词被all, no, some, any, every, a few, a little, much, only, very修饰时；当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，或者先行词现有些人又有物时，定语从句引导词用that。比如:Everything (that) he said seemed quite reasonable. 他所说每件事似乎都很有道理。You can take any toy that you like. 你能够拿走任一件你喜欢玩具。The first thing (that) I saw will never be forgotten.我永远不会忘记我见到第一件事情。This is the last thing (that) I want to do. 这是我最不想做事情。They are talking about the things and persons (that) they can remember in that country. 他们正在谈论他们所能够记起那个国家人和事。 2）why引导表示原因定语从句，其先行词通常是reason。当主句主语是reason时，作主句表语成份不能有because和because of 。其结构通常为the reason whyis that，或者 the reason that is that，如：He did not tell us the reason why he was late again. 他没有告诉我们他为何又迟到了。The reason why （that）he didnt come is that he was ill.考点二：考查“介词 + 关系代词”引导定语从句使用方法。当先行词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，往往能够把介词放在关系代词之前，组成介词 + 关系代词(whom / which)结构。但一些短语动词(如look after等)中介词不能与动词分开，故不能放在关系代词之前。 American women usually look upon their best friend as someone with whom they can talk frequently. 美国妇女通常把她们最要好朋友看成是能够经常倾诉对象。 （关系代词whom在定语从句中作介词with宾语，talk with sb.意为与某人谈话。）另外，我们还要注意部分 + of 介词+ 关系代词（整体名词）结构，该结构，做关系词也就是 部分名词 + of which/whom结构，往往能够翻译成“其中”。(学位考查重点) He invited many scientists to his birthday party, two of whom were his old classmates. 他邀请了许多科学家出席他生日宴会，其中有两位是他老同学。考点三：当先行词为表示时间名词（如：time, day, year, week, month, occasion）或地点名词（如：place, room, city, country）时，通惯用关系副词 when 和 where. 分别相当于in which, at which, on which。不过当这些表示时间或地点名词作从句宾语时，则要用关系代词that 或which。I cant forget the days when (in which) I studied with you.Can you tell me the day when （on which） you met her for the first time?China is the only country where (in which) wild pandas（熊猫）can be found.Ill never forget the village where (in which) I spent my childhood（童年）.试比较：I will never forget the days that/which I spent in Beijing University. (本句days 作spend 宾语，故用关系代词that / which )I have never been to Beijing, but its the place that I most want to visit. (place 作visit 宾语。)考点四：非限定性定语从句不能用that引导, 通惯用引导词which / as或who（指人），非限定性定语从句既能够修饰主句部分内容，也可修饰主句全部内容。as引导非限定性定语从句既能够放在主句之前，也能够放在主句之中或之后，但which或who引导非限定性定语从句不能放在主句句首。（考查重点）The large area is covered with thick snow, which has been reported on TV. 大片区域为积雪所覆盖，这已在电视里报道了。His speech, which was very boring, was over at last. 他讲演，非常枯燥，终于结束了。Her sister, who lived in another city, was coming to visit her.As we all know, the moon（, as is known to us.）is a satellite of the earth.（as is known to us.）3副词性从句（状语从句）引导状语从句关联词是一些隶属连词。状语从句同状语一样，在句中位置比较灵活，可置于句首、句末或句中，状语从句位于句首时，惯用逗号与主句隔开。若从句较短同时又与主句关系十分紧密时，也能够不用逗号分开。状语从句依照其用途能够分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、比较状语从句、目标状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句和方式状语从句九种。状语从句关键是要掌握引导不一样状语从句惯用连接词和特殊连接词。现分别列举以下：1）时间状语从句惯用引导词：when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since , till, until 特殊引导词：the minute, the moment, every time, immediately, no sooner than, hardly/ scarcelywhenA good storyteller must be able to hold his listeners curiosity until her reaches the end of the story 一个善于讲故事人必须能够自始至终抓住听众好奇心。He made a mistake，but then he corrected the situation before it got worse他犯了错误，但没等局势恶化，他就扭转了局势。I gave her the money you owed her the moment I saw her我一见到她就把你欠她钱给她。No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain. 我一到家就开始下雨了。2）地点状语从句惯用来引导地点状语从句关联词有where，wherever等。The famous scientist grew up where he was born and in 1940 he came to Shanghai 那位著名科学家在出生地长大，于1940年来到上海。Wherever I am I will be thinking of you. 不论我在哪里我都会想到你。3）原因状语从句惯用来引导原因状语从句关联词有because，as，since等。特殊引导词：seeing that, now that, considering thatThe Italian boy was regarded as a hero because he gave his life for his country那位意大利男孩被看作是