初三总复习(打印）.doc

初三英语总复习资料
一. +动词-ing的有：
1.finish doing, 2.mind doing, 3.enjoy doing, 4.avoid doing, 5.suggest doing, 6.admit doing,
7.give up doing, 8.be/get used to doing, 9.be busy doing, 10.keep (on) doing sth, 11.stop sb from doing, 12.spend…(in) doing, 13.feel like doing, 14.practise doing sth, 15.prefer doing to doing, 16.find sb doing sth, 17.thanks for doing sth, 18.look forward to doing sth, 19.dream of doing, 20.be good at doing sth, 21 be interested in doing sth, 22.what/ how about doing,
23.be used for doing sth, 24.instead of doing, 25.without doing, 26.be worth doing 27. deny doing
二. +动词原形的有：
1.had better(not) do sth, 2.make sb do sth, 3.let sb do sth, 4.used to do sth, 5.why not do sth,
6.why don’t you do sth, 7.help sb(to) do sth, 8.would/will you please (not)do sth
9.prefer to do….rather than do 10.would rather do ….than do…
三.+to 动词原形的有：
1.tell sb(not) to do , 2.ask sb (not)to do , 3.plan to do , 4.decide to do ,
5.would like to do, 6.encourage sb to do , 7.be used to do , 8.be the last one to do ,
9.want to do sth, 10.hope to do sth, 11.There’s no time to do sth, 12.be ready to do sth,
13.It’s time for sb to do sth, 14.It take sb some time to do sth, 15.seem to do sth,
17.refuse to do, 18. manage to do, 19.choose to do 20.It’s +adj+ to do sth, 21.be too+ adj+to do sth
注意1：1.stop doing sth 停止做某事 stop to do sth停止去做某事.
2.remember doing sth记得做过某事; remember to do sth记得去做某事;
3. forget doing sth忘记做过某事; forget to do sth忘记去做某事.
4. try doing sth尝试做某事; try to do sth尽力去做某事
5.go on doing sth.继续去做同一件事; go on to do sth.继续去做另一件事
注意2：1.watch sb doing 观看某人在做某事; watch sb. do观看某人做过某事
2. see sb doing 看见某人正在做某事; see sb do 看见某人做过某事
3.hear sb doing sth 听见某人在做某事; hear sb do看见某人做过某事
4.find sb doing 发现某人在做某事; find sb do 发现某人做过某事
四.常考的不可数名词：music; news; housework; homework; information; advice; weather; work (工作)； fun; food; coffee; medicine; wood; money; time（时间）; bread; paper(纸)；tea; …英语中的“液体”的单词都属不可数名
五.常考重点句型/短语：
1.It is +adj. for sb. to do sth. 做某事对于某人来说怎么样. It is kind/nice of sb. to do….
2.Sb. find/think/feel it +adj.to do sth./ Sb. find/think/feel it +adj.+that 从句某人发现/认为/觉得做某事…...
3.It takes/took/will take sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间.
4.Sb. spend some time/some money on/(in) doing sth.某人花时间或者金钱.做某事/在某事上
5.sb. pay money for sth. 某人花钱买某物。6.sth. cost sb. some money 某物花费某人多少钱.
7.I (don’t) think that… 我认为…(不)
8.I would like to do sth./ Would you like to do sth.? 我想做某事/你想做某事吗?
9.Why not do sth.? 为什么不做某事….呢?
10.Will/Would/Could you please do sth.? 你会/能/可以做…吗?
11.What/How about doing sth.? 做某事怎么样?
12.It’s too+adj. to do sth. 做某事太…而不能…..
13…..so +adj/adv+ that +从句 如此….以致…..;
….such+ a/an+adj+可数名词单数/( adj+可数名词复数/不可数名词)+ that+从句
14….（not）adj/adv enough (for sb) to do ….对某人来说（不）够…..可以做某事……
15.(1)Sb. prefer doing (sth)…. to doing (sth).
(2) sb. prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 某人宁愿做某事而不愿做某事.
16.sb. won’t/didn’t do sth. until … 某人直到…才做某事.
17. Would/Do you mind doing sth…?你介意做某事吗?
18.such +a/an +adj.+可数名词单数=so +adj.+a/an+可数名词单数; uch+adj.+ 数名词复数/不可数名词
19.as+adj/adv原级+as; not as/so +adj/adv原级+as 20.one of +the +最高级+名词复数
21.the +比较级….，the +比较级….（越…就越…）
22.比较级 +and+比较级…？/ more and more +多音节adj/adv原级 （越来越….）
23.既是adj也是adv的词有：fast; early; hard; late; deep…..
24.在比较级前可以用：much, far, even, a bit, a little, a lot, still 等修饰
25.感叹句：（1）How + adj/adv+（主语+谓语动词）！ （2）What+a/an+adj+可数名词单数+ （主语+谓语动词）！ （3）What+adj+可数名词复数/不可数名词+ （主语+谓语动词）！
26.记住不含not的否定词有：never, hardly, nothing, few, little, seldom, nobody, none
27.although/though“虽然”不能与but连用，但是可以和yet/still连用，even though/ even if “即使，尽管”
28.常可以用现在进行时表将来的动词有：go, come, leave, start, begin, stay, arrive, return, do(做)，have(开会/上课/吃饭) ….
29.die, join, borrow, lend, buy, sell,leave,begin,arrive, go, come，catch,…..既不能和“for+一段时间” 连用, 也不能和“how long”连用
30.句型：It is / has been +时间段 +since+过去式的从句 没有被动语态的词：take place, happen
32.a few+可数名词“几个”（表肯定），few+可数名词（表否定），a little+不可数名词“一点”（肯定），
little+不可数名词（表否定），much+不可数名词,“许多”，many+可数名词, “许多”
33.another/other/others/the other/the others: another+数字+名词=数字+more+名词,another,不定数目中的“另一个 ”others和 the others 后面不加名词或代词; (三者/以上)some…. (the) others一些(人,物)…其他(人,物)…；one…another 一个..另一个(三者或以上 )；one…the other一个…另一个(总数二个)
34.get(to)/arrive(in/at)/reach“到达”： get to +名词，get there/ here/home； arive in+大地点，arrive at+小地点arrive here/there/home； reach+名词/here/there/home
35.be made of/be made from “由…做成”： be made of (看得出原材料)；be made from (看不出原材料)；be made in+地点；
36.at the end of“在…的最后/末尾”；by the end of“直到…为止”(常用在过去完成时句子中)；
in the end=at last=finally “最后”
37. because / because of“因为”： because +句子; because of+名词/代词/v-ing
38.borrow“借入”/lend“借出”/keep“保存”
39.bring“拿来/带来”/take“拿走带走” 或随身携带/get “去拿来”/carry“搬、拿、提、抱、背、扛”
40.a number of“许多”（谓语动词用复数）；the number of“…的数量/数目”（谓语动词用单数）
41.between“两者之间”/ among“三者/以上之间” 42.alone/lonely feel lonely; be/stay/live alone
43.look for“寻找”/ look up “查字典”/find “找到”/find out “查明”；look after=take care of “照顾”
44.too much+不可数名词； much too+形容词；too many+可数名词
45.say+it(this/that/sth.); tell a lie/tell the truth,tell sb.to do sth,tell sb. about sth.; speak+语言；talk to/with/about
46.hear of/about “听说”; hear from+ sb “收到某人的来信”
47.put on“穿”（表动作）；dress+人； wear“穿”（表状态）；in+颜色
48.have been in+地点名词“呆在某地”（与“for+一段时间” 连用）；have been to+地点名词“去过某地”，人回来了（与“次数”连用）； have gone to+地点名词“去了某地”人不在说话者所在地（不与“for+一段时间” 和“次数”连用）
49.some time “某段时间”；sometimes “有时”；sometime“某个时候”；some times “几次”
50.forget “忘记”; leave sth +地点 “把某物遗留在某地”, lose “弄丢/不见了”
51.see, look, watch, read “看”
look强调看的动作，后接宾语时，一定要加介词at. see后接宾语，意为“看见、看到”，强调看的结果，但不一定有意识地看，词组：see the doctor, see a film. watch为及物动词，意为“观看、注视”，指非常仔细地、有目的、全神贯注地“看”。“看电视、看比赛（实验以及各种表演等）”习惯上用这个词。read本义为“读、朗读”。表达“看书、看报、看信、看杂志”时，通常用read.
51.最常用的连系动词：feel “感觉起来”; look“看起来”, sound“听起来”, smell“闻起来”； taste“品尝起来”, be, become, turn, get, grow, keep,这些词后面都要接adj.
52.Must/Need……..? Yes,….must. / No,…..needn’t.
53.must be (肯定句) 表推测“一定是”，mustn’t 表禁止，“不准，不允许”，can’t be (表推测) “可能是”； can’t (表能力)“不会，不能”.
54.a useful book, a university student, a European country, an hour, an honest boy,
55.26个字母中，是元音开头的辅音字母有：f, h, l, m, n, r, s, x Eg: There is an “x:” in the word ‘ box’.
56.定语从句中，可以有：介词+which/ whom; 但是没有：介词+who/that
57. ~ up (with): come up with找到、提出 catch up with赶上 wake up弄醒、醒来
send up发射 open up开设、开办 grow up长大 pick up拾起、捡起
hands up举手 eat up吃光 clean up打扫干净 give up doing sth.=stop doing sth.放弃做某事
58. ~ back: get…back退还,送回去.取回 give back归还come back回来 at the back of在…的后面on the way (back)home在回家路上
59. at~ : at least至少 at breakfast早餐时 at desk在桌前 at once立刻,马上 at school在上学
at the doctor’s在医务室 at work在工作 at night在晚上 at noon中午 be good at=do well in 擅长 be bad at不擅长 laugh at嘲笑 not…at all一点也不 at the age of在…岁时 at first起初 at last=in the end=finally最后、终于 at the beginning of (the 21st century)在21世纪初 at the end of 在…终点、结尾 at Christmas在圣诞节 at the foot of在…脚下 at the moment= now现在at any moment任何时候 at times(sometimes)有时,偶尔 at the same time同时
60. for~ : for example例如 for ever永远 be good for对…有益 be bad for对…有害
61. come ~ : come true实现 come down下来 come from=be from来自,出生于 come in/into进入,进来 come on赶快,加油 come over过来 come along走吧,过来,快点 come and go来来去去 come up上来come out出来，(花)开，(照片)冲洗出来
62. be ~ with/ ~ of : be pleased with对…感到满意 be covered with被…覆盖 be expected to do sth.被期望做某事 be proud of 以…自豪 be afraid of害怕 hear of听说 / (hear from sb.收到某人的来信) of cause=certainly当然可以 plenty of= a lot of许多
63.by ~ :by the way顺便说 by oneself单独,独自 by the end of到…为至 one by one依次
by the time(引起时间状语从句)到…的时候 by air/plane乘飞机 by bus/train/car乘公共汽车/火车/轿车相关：catch a bus赶公交车 get on/off the bus上/下车 take a bus to…=go to …by bus乘车去…
64. do/try one’s best尽力do one’s homework做家庭作业do (the/some) shopping购物
do the cooking烹饪 do some cleaning打扫 do the/some washing洗衣服 do sport做运动
do with sb / sth.处理 well done干得好
65. to: make a contribution to贡献给、捐献 make a telephone call to sb.=ring sb. up =give sb. a call=phone sb.给某人打电话 connect A to B把A与B连接起来 be close to靠近(某地)
66. get ~ : get dressed穿衣 get into进入 get/be lost丢失 get off/on下/上车get on well with sb.与某人相处得好get out of从…出来 get warm 变暧get ready for +n.为…做准备get ready to do sth.准备做某事get well康复 get a chance 有机会、得到机会get/go to sleep(fall asleep)入睡 相关：(be asleep睡着)
67. look ~ : look for 寻找 wait for等候 look after=take care of照看 look like看起来像 look the same看起来一样look over检查,复习 look through温习,检查 look out小心,从里向外看 look up向上看,查单词look around环视 look forward to+~ing期望
68.~ off : set off出发、动身 put off推迟 turn off关 take off脱(衣),(飞机)起飞 jump off跳离
69. ~ in : take part in参加 hand in上交 in hospital住院 in surprise吃惊地 in the sun在阳光下 in trouble处于困境 in a minute/moment马上
70. make ~ : make sure 确信 make a dialogue编对话 make a mistake犯错误(by mistake由于疏忽)
make a noise吵闹 make faces做鬼脸 make friends (with)和..交朋友 make room for给..让地方 make tea沏茶make money赚钱 make a decision作出决定
71. take photos/pictures 照像 take away拿走 take out取出(work out算出) take care当心
take medicine服药 take place发生 take one’s temperature量体温 take one’s time别着急 take a walk散步
72. learn ：learn by oneself=teach oneself自学 learn by heart背熟 learn from sb.向某人学习
73. have ~ : have a try尝试,努力 have no idea不知道 have a good/wonderful/great time玩得开心 have a (bad)cold(重)感冒 have a meeting/walk/watch开会/散步/比赛 have sports进行体育活动 have nothing/sth. to do with与..无(有)关 　have (one’s) medicine服药
74. as ~ as : as soon as 一…就… as if 好像 as soon as possible尽可能早地、尽快
as well = too也 regard …as 把…当作… as much as至多，和…一样多 as little as至少 ,
75. 表示“分数”：three quarters of… …的四分之三 two thirds of… 三分之二的…
五个步骤写好2013年中考英语作文
书面表达是对学生在初中阶段英语学习的综合考查，涉及篇章结构、句子构成、短语使用和单词拼写等多方面内容，以下就中考书面表达的写作方法和注意事项进行指导：
一、 认真审题，确定时态人称，同时关注题材格式
时态：故事性文章一般用过去时，其中表达感受时可用现在时。说明性或议论性文章一般用现在时，举例时可用过去时。根据题目要求也会出现时态的交错使用，如过去和现在的对比等。
如果句中出现了时间状语，时态则要遵循时间状语。如ago，last…——过去时 next，in…——将来时等
人称：注意在句子中人称的统一。例如：Thanks to the teachers, we have improved our English.
二、找全信息点，紧扣主题，突出重点
切忌只看表格中或所列1、2、3中的信息点。一定把题读全，找齐信息点，建议用铅笔标出，写完后再涂掉。根据题目，可适当增加合理内容。特别注意文章要有开头和结尾。
三、成文时表述正确，文字流畅
切忌与汉语提示的一一对应，使用所学表达方法将语义表达出来即可。首先考虑句子结构(如主谓宾，主系表等)。同时注意短语的正确使用和单词的拼写，最好使用课本上学过的短语和句式。
四、文章结构清晰，善用重点句型，可使文章在得分上提高一个档次
考虑文章的篇章结构，使用适当的连接短语，使文章结构紧凑。
常用连接词：1.表文章结构顺序：First of all，Firstly/First，Secondly/Second… And then，Finally，In the end，At last 2.表并列补充关系的：Besides，Moreover，
3.表转折对比关系的：However，On the contrary，but, Although+clause( 从句)，
On the one hand… On the other hand… Some…，while others…
4.表因果关系的：Because，As, So，Thus，Therefore，As a result
5.表换一种方式表达：In other words 6.表进行举例说明：For example，句子; 句子;such as+n/doing
7.表陈述事实：In fact 8.表达自己观点：As far as I know，In my opinion
9.表总结：In short，In a word， In summary
文中正确使用两三个好的句型，如：宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句、感叹句、动名词做主语等。
宾语从句举例：I believe Guangzhou will be more and more beautiful.
状语从句举例：If everyone does something for the environment, our hometown will become clean and beautiful.
动名词做主语举例：Reading books in the sun is bad for our eyes=It’s bad for our eyes to read books in the sun.常用状语从句句型：1)时间when，not…until，as soon as 2)目的so that+clause;to do( 为了)
3)结果so…that+clause，too…to do(太……以至于……) 4)条件if，unless(除非)，as long as(只要)
5)让步though，although，even though，even if, no matter what/when/where/who/which/how
6)比较as…as…，not so…as…，than
五、认真检查，检查信息点是否全面，时态、人称是否一致，句子结构是否清晰，短语使用、单词拼写是否准确等。检查后，将草稿写在答题纸上，请注意按结构分段，书写清晰。
下面列举一些在检查中可发现的错误1.We live more and more comfortable.改正：comfortably(副词修饰动词)
2.we can get many informations by reading newspapers. 改正：much information (不可数名词由much修饰)
3.There has many programs in TV. 改正：There are many programs on TV. (There be句型和介词短语)
4.I think ride a bike can keep our health. 改正：I think riding a bike can keep us healthy.(动名词作主语)
建议大家练习或模仿不同题材的文章，特别注意改错总结和吸取范文中好的结构与表达方法，适当运用于自己的文章中。
牛津英语上海版常用句型 (七年级上册)
1. sb. would like to do sth. “愿意做某事” （Unit 1 RA）
如：1) I would like to go shopping with my mother this Sunday.
2) Would you like to go shopping with me?
2. one of the +形容词最高级+名词复数 “最……之一” (Unit 1 RB)
如：Beijing is one of the biggest cities in the world.
3. “花费”的几种表达法： (Unit 2 RB)
1) 人 + spend/spends/spent + 时间/金钱 + (in) doing sth./on sth
如：I spent one hour on (in doing) the housework..
2) 人 + pays/paid + 钱 + for + sth. 如：I paid one hundred yuan for the dress.
3) It takes/took + 人 + 时间/钱 + to do sth.
如：It took me fifteen minutes to read the text this morning.
4) 物 + costs/cost + 人 + 钱 如：The bike cost me four hundred yuan.
4. 1）比较级 + and + 比较级 “越来越…….” (Unit 5 MP)
如：Our country is getting more and more beautiful.
2）the + 比较级，the + 比较级 “越……就越……”如：The more you eat, the fatter you are.
5. It is + adj. + (for sb.) + to do sth. (Unit 4 RB)
如：It is important for us to learn English well.
6. Will/Would you please (not) do…? “请你做……好吗?” (Unit 5 Listening B)
如：Would you please be more careful next time?
7. Thank you for sth / doing sth. (Unit 5 Listening B) 如：Thank you for helping me.
8….(be) too +adj.（原级）(for sb.) to do sth. （对某人来说）……太……而不能…… (Unit 7 MP)
如：He is too young to go to school. The box is too heavy for me to carry.
以上句型可以与下列句型互换：
1) …(be) not + adj. (反义词的原级) + enough (for sb.) to do sth.
如：He is not old enough to go to school. The box is not light enough for me to carry.
2)…(be) so + adj. (原级) +that sb. can/ could/can’t/couldn’t do sth. (如此…以致可以/不可以做….)
如：He is so young that he can’t go to school. The box is so heavy that I can’t carry it.
9. Why don’t you do…? = Why not do...? “为什么不……呢?” (此为提建议的表达方法。) (Unit 7 RA)
如：Why don’t you go there? = Why not go there?
提建议的表达方法还有：Shall we do…? / Let’s do…! / What about doing…? / How about doing…?
10. 1) used to do sth. 过去常常做某事 (Unit 8 RA)
否定：didn’t use to do sth. 疑问：Did…use to do…?
如：I used to go for a walk in the park. 否定：I didn’t use to go for a walk in the park.
2) be / get used to doing sth. 习惯做某事 如：I am used to going for a walk in the park.
11. be not…but… “不是……而是……” (Unit 8 RA) 如：It is not a cat but a tiger.
单项选择：
( )1.Would you like ____ my birthday party this evening?
A. come B. comes C. coming D. to come
( )2.He is one of ______ in our class.
A. popular student B. the most popular students C. the most popular student
( )3.He spent two hours _____ his homework last night. A. do B. does C. doing D. to do
( )4.It took them three years ______ the hospital. A. build B. to build C. to built D. building
( )5. The workers ___ two months building the bridge. A. spent B. took C. paid D. cost
( )6. It ____ me half an hour to finish my homework. A. spent B. took C. paid D. cost
( )7. He ____ much money on books every month. A. spends B. takes C. pays D. costs
( )8. The colour TV set ____ them a lot of money. A. spent B. took C. paid D. costs
( )9. The jacket ____ so much that we didn’t buy it. A. paid B. spend C. took D. cost
( )10. ---How much is your new dictionary? --- I