状语从句（2）.doc

语法·剖析·活用
状语从句
在上一个模块中我们学习了用不同的引导词引导时间状语从句，在本模块中，我们介绍其他几种状语从句的具体应用。看下表所示：
名称
引导词
例句
原因状语从句
Because
She didn’t go to school today because she was ill.
目的状语从句
so that
She dressed like a man so that she could join the army.
结果状语从句
So
He got up too late so he missed the school bus.
注意：目的状语从句中的时态表示未来，可能性；而结果状语从句中表示已经发生。
1.引导原因状语从句的连词
原因状语从句一般由because, since, as, for引导，注意as, because, since和for的区别:
1)如果原因是构成句子的最主要部分,一般用because。because引导的从句一般不放在句子的开头。如:
I missed the train because I got up late.
注:对于以why开头的问句,一般只能用because引导的从句回答。
2)如果原因已为人们所知,或不如句子的其余部分重要,就用as或since，since比as稍微正式一些。as和since引导的从句一般放在句子的开头。如:
As he was not well, I decided to go there without him.
Since this method doesn’t work, let’s try another.
3)for表示所说的理由是一种补充说明,for引导的从句一般不放在句子的开头。如:
I decided to stop and have lunch, for I was feeling quite hungry.
2.引导结果状语从句的连词
除so之外，还有so/such...that...,so that等。
1) so...that结构在某种情况下可以与enough to和too...to结构相互转换。如:
She is so short that she can’t reach the buttons of the lift.
=She is too short to reach the buttons of the lift.
2）so that也可以引导结果状语从句,意为“结果是， 以致”。如:
They missed the bus so that they were late for class.
3.引导目的状语从句的连词
so that可引导目的状语从句,此时可用to或in order to替换,将其改为简单句。如:
He got up early so that he could get to school on time.
=He got up early（in order） to get to school on time.
【活学活用】
根据句意填上合适的引导词
1）I want to be a singer ________ I get up early to practice singing every day.
答案：so
2）________ you are my teacher, you couldn’t mistake me either.
答案：Although
3）I find a new house to live in________ the old one is far from my company.
答案：because
4）________ she has time tomorrow, we will go shopping together.
答案：If
5）The supper was ready ________ I got home.
答案：when
6）I didn’t sleep last night ________ I finished my homework.
答案：until
7）You should take off your shoes ________ you go into the lab.
答案：before
8）I was surfing on the Internet ________ my sister was watching TV.
答案：while
9）________ I finished reading the book, I had learnt a lot.
答案：After
10）He likes listening to music ________ he doesn’t like singing at all.
答案：but

典题精讲
经典例题
例1　(2010河北中考) —Could you tell me ________ tomorrow morning?
—Well, it will start at 9:00 o’clock.
A. when the meeting will start
B. where will the meeting start
C. where the meeting starts
D. when the meeting would start
思路解析：本题考查宾语从句。宾语从句的从句要用陈述语序，Could you...?表达委婉的语气，而不是过去时，根据答语可以知道引导词要用when，所以本题选择A项。
答案：A
黑色陷阱：本题容易错选D项，因为没有注意到句中could 不是表达过去时。
绿色通道：在含有宾语从句的复合句中，不管主句用什么语序，从句必须用陈述语序，时态取决于主句的谓语时态，即主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况选用不同的时态，主句是一般过去时，从句要用相应的过去时态。但应注意Could/Would you...?表达委婉的语气，不是过去时。
例2　(2010江苏苏州中考) —What will you do if it ________tomorrow?
—I’ll stay at home and watch the match on TV.
A. rain B. rains C. will rain D. is raining
思路解析：本题考查if 引导的条件状语从句。主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。所以本题选择B项。
答案：B
黑色陷阱：本题容易错选C项。因为有的同学只注意tomorrow 应该用将来时，而忽略了if 从句。
绿色通道：本题的关键是if 引导的条件状语从句。主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。类似的还有as soon as, before, when, until 等引导的从句。
例3　(2010江苏南京中考) We’ll try our best to do the work with________ money and ________people.
A. little; few B. a few; a little C. less; fewer D. fewer; less
思路解析：本题考查less 和fewer 的用法。less后接不可数名词，fewer后接可数名词。所以本题选择C项。
答案：C
黑色陷阱：本题容易错选A项。许多同学不能正确理解句子的意思，将此题错误地用了原级。
绿色通道：money为不可数名词，只能用little, a little 或less修饰；people 为可数名词的复数，应用a few, few 或fewer修饰。
例4　(2010黑龙江哈尔滨中考) The boy was able to ________himself when he was very young.
A. dress B. wear C. put on D. have on
思路解析：本题考查词组dress oneself,意思是“自己穿衣服”。所以本题选A项。
答案：A
黑色陷阱：本题容易错选C项，因为没有搞清楚put on 后接表衣服的名词，而不是接人。
绿色通道：做本题的关键是掌握dress的用法，以及和wear, put on的区别。dress, put on,意思是“穿上”，表示动作；dress 之后通常接人，不接衣服；put on后跟表衣服的名词；wear 意思是“穿着”，表示状态。
例5　(2010江苏徐州中考) Don’t make me ________ this or that. I’m too busy!
A. to do B. do C. doing D. done
思路解析：本题考查make sb. do的结构，所以本题选B项。
答案：B
黑色陷阱：本题容易错选A项，因为有的同学认为make sb.后接动词不定式作宾语补足语。
绿色通道：make sb. do 动词不定式作宾语补足语，应省略to,类似的词还有let，have 等。

原创题
看图表，用more, less或fewer完成练习。
Now
In 100 years
600 houses
1000 houses
A lot of pollution
Almost no pollution
Seven schools
Two schools
2400 people
3500 people
A lot of snow
A little snow
Six movie theaters
Two movie theaters
In 100 years...
1. There will be________ houses.
2. There will be ________ pollution.
3. There will be ________ schools.
4. There will be ________ people.
5. There will be________ snow.
6. There will be ________ movie theaters.
思路解析：该题一方面考查学生识读图表、从图表中获取有关信息的能力，另一方面又考查对more, fewer, less三词的掌握情况。
答案：1.more　2.less　3.fewer　4.more　5.less　6.fewer
黑色陷阱：fewer和less 都表示“更少”，但fewer只能修饰可数名词的复数；而less是little的比较级，它只能修饰不可数名词。
绿色通道：做对本题的关键是确切掌握more, fewer ,less 的用法：more意为“更多”，既可修饰可数名词，又可修饰不可数名词；fewer意为“更少”，只修饰可数名词；less意为“更少”，只可修饰不可数名词。