九年级英语介词的归纳.doc

介词的归纳及短暂性动词改换为延续性动词
介词是英语中较复杂的词，用法之多、之广，为解决孩子们的学习上的困难，我特意进行归纳，请认真阅读。
短暂性动词改换为延续性动词可是中考的重点，考前务必认真阅读。
1. 早、午、晚用in,  黎明、午夜、点与分用at。
2. 年、月、年月、季节、周，阳光、灯、影、衣、冒 in.
3. 将来时态in… 以后，小处 at , 大处 in.
4. 有形 with 无形 by, 语言、单位、材料 in.
5. 特征、方面与方式，心情等惯用语用in.
6. 介词 at 和 to 表方向，攻击，位置
7. 日子、日期、年月日，星期的早晨、下午和晚上、收音、值日、农场用 on.
8. 年、月、日的早、下午和晚上，of 之间on 代 in.
9. 步行、驴、马、玩笑用 “on”.
10. 山脚、门口、在当前、速度、温度、日落、价格、核心用 at.
11. 工具、和、同随用with
12． 海、陆、空、车、被 用by.
13. this, that, tomorrow, yesterday, next, last, one接年、月、日、季、星期、周介词要省略。
14. over、 under正上下， above、below则不然。若与数量连用，混合使用也无妨。
15. under后接修、建中，before, after 表一点， ago, after 表一段。
16. in 内 to外表位置， 山、水、国界用 “to”在前。
延续性动词与非延续性动词及其转换
动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。
一.延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have,
wait, watch, sing, read,  sleep, live,  stay等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。
表示时间段的短语有:for+一段时间, for 2 years;  since从句,since he came here; since+时间点名词,
since last year, since 5 days ago; how long; for a long time等。
例: He has lived here for 6 years.  You can keep the book for 5 days.
I stayed there for 2 weeks last year.
How long did you stay there last year?
二. 非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。
如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等。
非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用，如：two years ago; at 5 o'clock;
例:He died 5 years ago.
否定的终止性动词可以与表示时间段的时间状语连用。
例:I haven't left here for 3 years. I haven't heard from him for 3 weeks.
三.延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换：
leave --- be away, borrow --- keep, buy --- have,   begin/start --- be on,
die --- be dead,  finish --- be over,  join --- be in+组织机构, be a member of+组织机构,
open sth --- keep sth open,  fall ill ---  be ill,  get up---be up,   catch a cold --- have a cold,
come here --- be here, go there --- be there,   become --- be,   come back --- be back,
fall asleep --- be asleep,  get to/ arrive/reach --- be (in),  leave --- be away from,
get to know --- know, go (get) out →be out，  put on→ wear；catch a cold →have a cold等。
例:The old man died 4 years ago.  ----The old man has been dead for 4 years.
---- It is 4 years since the old man died.  ----Four years has passed since the old man died.
He joined the Party 2 years ago.   -----He has been in the Party for 2 years.
I bought the book 5 days ago.  ---- I have had the book for 5 days.