初中英语名词专练-名词的数以及名词的格专项练习.doc

名词
Ø 名词可分为专有名词和普通名词。
（1） 专有名词表示具体的人名，食物名，地名 ，机构名，国名，月份，和节日灯的名词称为专
名词。the WTO December Singapore the Changjiang River
注意：专有名词中各单词的第一个字母需要大写，但其中的虚词，如冠词，介词，连词等
一般不大写， 如 the United Nations 联合国， the People’s republic of China 中华人
民共和国，也可以把专有名词的所以字母都大写。
（2） 普通名词有可数名词和不可数名词。
①　 可数名词又可分为个体名词和集体名词。
个体名词如： book, student, key.
集体名词如：army, police, family, people.
②　 不可数名词分为物质名词和抽象名词。
物质名词如： water, wind, glass, steel.
抽象名词如：honesty, love, youth.
Ø 名词在句中可以作主语，宾语，补足语，表语，同位语，称呼语，状语，定语等。
This country is famous for tea. （作主语）
Of all the vegetables, I like potatoes best. （作动词宾语）
Someone in the next room is singing a popular song about love. （作介词宾语）
We are making our school a beautiful garden. ( 作补足语）
Happiness is the true value of life. （作表语）
These seats are for us students, and those are for the teachers. ( 作同位语）
Monica, won’t you come in? （作称呼语）
We’ll meet on Monday. (作状语）
In the South of China, there grow many banana trees. (作定语）
注意：大多数情况下，名词用单数形式作定语，但只有复数形式的名词作定语仍用复数。

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a paper basket 一个纸篓
a shoe factory 一家鞋厂
a film star 一位电影明星
a clothes shop 一家服装店
a glasses store 一家眼镜店
a goods train 一列运送货物的火车
名词的数

Ø 可数名词
一、规则复数形式：（六种）
1. 直接加-s 例 bags
2. 以-s,-x, -sh,-ch结尾，在后加上-es. 例bus-buses box-boxes
3. 以o结尾的除potato(马铃薯)、tomato(西红柿)、hero(英雄)加es，其余直接加s。
4. 以f或fe结尾的词，多数变f或fe为v加es, 除了roof、proof直接加-s， 例 life-lives wife-wives roof –roofs
5. 以辅音字母+-y结尾，变y为i 再加-es. 例 city-cities 以元音字母+-y 结尾，直接加-s. 例：boys
6. 以th结尾的名词，一般加-s. 例：paths(小道）
二、不规则复数形式：
1. 变内部元音的情况。

woman-- women
man-men
policeman-policemen
Englishman-Englishmen
Frenchman-Frenchmen
chairman-chairmen
foot-feet
tooth-teeth
goose-geese

2. 词尾发生变化的情况。child-children ox-oxen
3. 单复数形式相同 常用分以下几类：
表示动物的名词
deer 鹿，fish 鱼，sheep 绵羊，bison 野牛，crab 螃蟹
表示人的名词
Chinese 中国人，Japanese 日本人，Swiss瑞士人，kin 亲属
craft及由-craft构成的名词
craft 飞机，aircraft 飞机， spacecraft 太空船
表示数量的名词
Hundred百，thousand千，million百万，dozen一打， score 二十
其他
series 系列；species种类；means方法 works（工厂）crossroads 十字路口
注意：某国人的表达法： a Chinese- two Chinese a Japanese-tow Japanese
A Frenchman- two Frenchmen a Englishman- two Englishmen
I am a Chinese= I am Chinese
I am English= I am an Englishman
Ø 特殊的复数形式：
1. 集体名词的复数形式，有些集体名词只有复数形式，同时也表示复数意义；作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 goods商品 clothes 服装 thanks 感谢
2. 有些集体名词只有单数形式，但表示复数意义，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 police 警察 people
3. 有些集体名词常以单数形式出现，侧重整体概念表示单数意义，作主语时谓语动词用单数；若表示多个这样的整体有复数变化形式，作主语时谓语动词用复数。侧重整体中的成员表示复数意义，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
Almost every family in the country owns a television.
These children are all from single-parent families.
His family are all Beijing opera fans.
4. 有些集体名词总是不可数，只用单数形式. Poetry诗歌 jewelry珠宝 clothing衣服 furniture 家具
5.身兼二职的名词对照表

glass
fish
chicken
time
可数
玻璃杯
鱼类
小鸡
次、倍
不可数
玻璃
鱼肉
鸡肉
时间

orange
light
paper
hair
可数
橘子
电灯
报纸/试卷
（几根）头发
不可数
橘汁
光
纸
头发

exercise
idea
life
work
可数
练习题
主意/意见
生命
著作
不可数
锻炼
了解
生活
工作

turkey
radio
youth
experience
可数
火鸡
收音机
青年人
经历
不可数
火鸡肉
无线电
年轻、青春
经验

interest
room

可数
爱好
房间

不可数
兴趣
空间

【注意】
1. family, class等词作为一个整体时视为单数，强调其家庭/族成员或班级成员时视为复数；
2. 部分有生命的集体名词本身就是复数的概念：
① police指警察、警官的总称，本身表示复数。The police(主语)+谓语动词复数
② people指人们、人民，本身表示复数。(The)…people+谓语动词复数
people指民族，有单、复数变化 e.g. fifty-six peoples 五十六个民族
三、合成名词的复数形式：
1. 中间没有连字符也没有间隔的合成名词将最后一个名词变成复数形式。
birthday-birthdays
blackboard-blackboards
2. 中间有连字符或间隔的合成名词将其中主要的词变成复数。
daughter-in-law --daughters-in-law
editor-in chief--editors-in-chief
3. 组成合成名词的单词中没有名词时，则在最后一个词的词尾加-s。
go-between--go-betweens(中间人） hang-up--hang-ups（障碍）
四、有两种复数形式的名词：有的名词当具有不同的含义时，其相应的复数形式也不相同。
penny 当作“便士”讲，侧重面值时，复数为pence;当作为“便士”讲侧重枚数时，复数为pennies.
two pence 两便士 four pennies 四个一便士的硬币
people意为“人，人们”时，本身即为复数；people还有“民族”的意思，它的复数形式为peoples.
two people两个人 fifty-six peoples 五十六个民族
fish 指鱼的“条数”时，其复数形式仍为“fish”，作为“鱼的种类”讲时，其复数形式为“fishes”，指餐桌上的“鱼肉”时，是不可数名词。
Two fish 两条鱼 two different fishes 两种不同的鱼
Help yourself to some fish.
Ø 不可数名词：不可数名词没有复数形式。
一、常见的不可数名词：

air 空气
chalk 粉笔
hair 头发
meat 肉
money 金钱
orange橙汁
rice 大米
silk 丝绸
water 水
wood 木头
fire 火
beef 牛肉
coal 煤
food 食物
health 健康
metal 金属
music 音乐
paper 纸
salt 盐
snow 雪
weather 天气

wool 羊毛
ink 墨水
bread 面包
coffee 咖啡
fruit水果
ice 冰
milk 牛奶
noise 噪声
pork 猪肉
sand 沙子
time 时间
wind 风
work工作
advice 建议
blood 血液
news新闻
fun 乐趣

二、可转化为可数名词的物质名词
1. 有些物质名词在表达不同意义时可转化为可数名词。

wind 风--- a wind 一阵风
rain 雨 --- a rain 一场雨
snow 雪--- a snow 一场雪
tea 茶--- a tea 一杯茶
beer 啤酒--- a beer 一杯啤酒
coffee咖啡--- a coffee 一杯咖啡
glass 玻璃--- a glass 一个玻璃杯

2. 有些物质名词的复数形式表达特殊含义。

rains 大量的雨水，多场雨 woods 森林
winds 阵风，多场风 times 时代 waters 水域 sands 沙滩；沙丘
seas 海域
glasses 眼镜
papers 试卷；论文；报纸

三、可转化为可数名词的抽象名词：抽象名词一般视为不可数名词，但表示具体事物时，可用作可数名词，可被a/an修饰，也可有复数形式，表示“某种人或物”。

beauty 美人或美丽的事物
danger 令人感到危险的人或事
success 成功的人或事
surprise 令人感到惊讶的人或事
worry 令人感到烦恼的人或事
failure 失败的人或事

名词的格：分为主格，宾格和所有格。名词主格和宾格相同，一般都是名词本身。
名词所有格是表示所属关系的一种形式，有-’s 所有格，of所有格和双重所有格三种。
Ø -’s所有格的构成
1. 一般情况下，在名词词尾加-’s. Dick’s hobby. 迪克的爱好。
2. 若名词已有以-s或-es结尾的复数词尾，直接在其后加撇号-’. My parents’ hope. 我父母的希望。
3. 不以-s结尾的名词复数，直接在其后加-’s. Children’s time 孩子的时间。
Ø -’s 所有格的用法
1. -’s所有格大多表示有生命的名词的所有关系。
Lucy’s bag Mary’s family
2. 表示两人或多人共有时，只变化最后一个名词的词尾；如果为各自所有，各个名词的词尾都要变化。
John and Susan’s father.
Japan’s and America’s problems.
3. 不定代词，疑问代词或疑问副词后有时带else,表示“另外的，其他的”，其所有格形式在else后变化，用else’s.
The e-dictionary is not mine. It’s someone else’s.
Ø of 所有格
1. 用于无生命的事物 Beijing is the capital of China.
2. 用于名词化的词 The life of the poor is the biggest problem in this country.
※ 双重所有格-’s所有格和of 所有格结合在一起表示的所有关系叫作双重所有格，表示整体中的一个或一部分。
两种形式：a. 名词+of+-’s所有格 b. 名词+of+名词性物主代词
a cousin of my father’s several friends of mine
练习：He is a friend of my _________(brother ) .
Is she a daughter of __________(you)?
教学练习
一．将下列名词变成复数形式。
1. hero _________ 2. piano _________ 3. family _________
4. knife _________ 5. bus _________ 6. photo________
7. potato _______ 8. sheep ________ 9. tooth_________
10. policeman _________ 11. child ________ 12. postman _______
13. watch ______ 14.house _______ 15.mouse_______
二．请归类可数名词和不可数名词，将该单词的编号写在相应的位置上。

A.book B.milk C.rice D.bun E.soup F.water
G.tea H.hamburger I.bread J.money K.paper L.desk
M.toy N.baby O.season P.egg Q.coffee R.computer S.tree T.meat U.pork V.tooth W.room X.pen Y.beef Z.chair
1.可数___________________________________________________________
2.不可数 ________________________________________________________
三．选择填空。
1. They come from different _______.
A.country B.countries C.a country D.countrys
2.How many ______________ do you see in the picture ?
A.tomatos B.tomatoes C.tomato D.the tomato
3. I’d like a ____ for dessert. Fruit, you know, is good for health.
A potato B banana C candy D pie
4. She was very happy. She_____in the maths test.
A. makes a few mistake B. made a few mistakes
C. made few mistakes D. makes few mistake
5. _____are____for cutting things.
A. Knife/used B. Knives/used C. Knife/using D. Knives/using
6. remember to give the horse some tree___.
A. leafs B. leaves C. leaf D. leave
7. They got much ___ from those new books.
A. ideas B. photos C. information D. stories
8. When we saw his face, we knew___ was bad.
A. some news B. a news C. the news P. news
9. He is hungry. Give him ___ to eat.
A. two breads B. two piece of bread C. two pieces of bread D. two pieces of breads
10. Some ___ came to our school for a visit that day.
A. Germans B. Germen C. Germany D. Germanies
11. September 10th is____in China.
 A. Teacher's Day B. Teachers' Day   C. Teacher Day    D. Teachers Day
12.-Is the broom under ____ desk? -No, it's under____.
 A. the teacher's; my B. teacher's; mine C. teacher's; me D. the teacher's; mine
13. Excuse me, where is the___?
A. men's room    B. mens' room    C. men's rooms D. men rooms
14. The football under the bed is____。
A. Lily and Lucy      B. Lily's and Lucy's  C. Lily's and Lucy                 D. Lily and Lucy's
15. This is my ____ dictionary.
 A. sister Mary   B. sister's   C. sister, Mary's   D. sister's Mary's
16. He went to ___ shop to buy a shirt.
A. a tailor      B. the tailor  C. a tailors       D. the tailors'
17. Joan is____.
A. Mary's and Jack sister B. Mary and Jack's sister C. Mary and Jack sister  D. Mary's and Jack's sister
18. In a few____ time, those mountains will be covered with trees.
A. year         B. years'    C. year's         D. years
19. It's about ___ walk from my house.
A. ten minute  B. ten minutes'  C. ten minute's   D. ten minutes
20. The post office is a bit far from here. It's about_____.
A. thirty minutes's walk       B. thirty minute's walk   C. thirty minutes' walk       D. thirty minutes walk
四、根据句意，用方框中所给的单词的适当形式填空，每词仅限用一次。
tomato room mistake sheep hand knife excite gift true dentist

3. The audience clapped and shouted with _____ when the performer appeared.
4. Alice was so careless that she mad many ______ in her homework.
5. Tim, could you please tell me the _____?
6. This is Tom and Mary’s ______.
7. These chocolates are all made by _______.
8. In Britain, people not only use_____ to cut things but also use them to have meals.
9. Joanna received many ______ when graduating from middle school.
10. If there’s something wrong with your teeth, you’d better go to see a ________.
11. We need some yogurt, two ______ and some honey to make the salad.
12. Australia is famous for its ______.
一．写出下列名词的复数形式：
1. pencil-box ___________ 2. wife _______ 3. Sunday ________
4. city ______ 5. dress _______ 6. Englishman ________
7. match _______ 8. Chinese ________ 9. zoo ________ 
10. exam________ 11. German __________
二．单词拼写
1. I have a lot of ________(作业) to do every day.
2. His _______(裤子) are new, but mine are old.
3. It is the best one of the _________ (照片) in my family. 
4. Are they building any _______ (图书馆) in the city? 
5. Can you cut this big pear into two _______(半)?
6. At the end of _______(八月), you must get ready for the new school year.
7. Trees are planted in most of the mountain v________.
8. I like a_______. It’s neither hot nor cold. 
9. T_______ comes after Monday.
三 选择题
1.June 1st is ____ Day all over the world.
A. Child’s B. Childs’ C. Children’s D. Childrens’
2.September 10th is ___ Day in China, isn’t it? 
A. Teacher’s B. Teachers’ C. Teacher D. Teacher of
3._____ is made of _____. 
A. Glass; glass B. A glass; glass C. Glasses; glasses D. A glass; glasses
4.This is _______ news. 
A. such a good B. a very good C. so good a D. such good
5.What ______ it is! Let’s go swimming.
A. a fine weather B. fine day C. a fine day D. bad weather
6.They like Chinese _____.
A. food and peoples B. foods and people C. foods and people D. food and people
7.Lucy and I go to school _____ every day. 
A. on feet B. on foot C. by foots D. by buses
8. –Are those _____? -No, they aren’t. They’re _____.来源：
A. sheep; cows B. sheep; cow C. sheeps; cow D. sheeps; cows
9. What are you listening to, Jane? ____ or ____? 
A. a music; a news B. music; news C. music; news D. music; a news
10.How many ____ and ____ are there in your class? 
A. boy student; girl ones B. girls students; boys ones
C. boys student; girl one D. girl students; boy ones
11.A group of ____ are talking with two ___ over there. 
A. Frenchmen; Germans B. Frenchmen; Germen 
C. German; Frenchmen D. Germans; Frenchmans
12. That bus driver drank two _____.
A. glass of water B. glasses of waters C. cups of tea D. cup of tea
13. Mrs. Smith is an old friend of _______. 
A. Bob’s mother B. Bob’s mother’s C. mother of Bob D. Bob mother’s
14. The tall man with a big nose is _______ teacher.
A. Tom and Carl B. Tom’s and Carl’s C. Tom and Carl’s
15. There is ______ tree in our school. 
A. a 8-metres-tall B. an-8-metre-tall C. an 8 metres tall
典型例题讲解
1. They got much _____ from those new books.
A. ideas B. photos C. news D. stories
2. I have two _______ and three bottles of _________ here.
A. orange, orange B. oranges, oranges
C. oranges, orange D. orange, oranges
3. Every evening M r. King takes a _________ to his home .
A. 25 minutes’ walk B. 25 minute’s walk
C. 25 minute walk D. 25 minutes walk
4. An old _______ wants to see you.
A. people B. person C. the people D. the person
5. Help yourself to __________.
A. chickens and apples B. chickens and apple
C. chicken and apple D. chicken and apples
6. Oh, dear. I forgot the two _________.
A. room’s number B. rooms’ number C. room numbers D. rooms’ numbers
7. She has been in Tianjin for ten years. Tianjin has become her second _________.
A. family B. house C. home D. room
8. ________ mothers couldn’t go to the meeting, because they have gone to Shanghai .
A. Mary and Peter’s B. Mary and Peter
C. Mary’s and Peter D. Mary’s and Peter’s
9. Li Lei has been to __________ many times this month.
A. her uncle B. her uncle’s C. her uncles D. aunt’s
10. He is a success as a leader but he hasn’t ________ in teaching.
A. many experiences B. much experience
C. an experience D. a lot experience
11. A classmate of _________ was here ten minutes ago.
A. you B. your C. your sister D. your sister’s
12. A group of _________ are talking with two ___________.
A. Frenchmen, Germans B. Germans ,Frenchmans
C. Frenchmans , Germen D. Germen , Frenchmen
13.The team ________ having a meeting .
A. is B. are C. am D. be
14. “Would you like _________?” “________, please.”
A. drink, Three coffees B. a cup of drink, Coffees
C. a drink, A coffee D. a drink, Three cups of coffees
15. The Great Wall was made not only by _______, but also the flesh and blood of ________ men.
A.earth and stone, millions of B. earths and stones, millions
C. the earth and stone, million of D. the earths and stones, millions
三 巩固训练：
1. This is ___ reading-room.
A. the teacher’s B. teacher’s C. teacher’s D. the teachers’
2. Nothing was found but ___ broken.
A. the room window B. the room’s window C. the room of the window D. the window of room
3. How many___ would you like?
A. paper B. bread C. pieces of papers D. pieces of bread
4. He was praised for his ___.
A