大学英语四级考试冲刺试题翻译.doc

大学英语四级考试冲刺试题翻译
中国的传统节庆膳食是节日必不可少的伴侣。例如，我国的端午节（the Dragon Boat Festival）是纪念古代诗人屈原的日子。那一天，人们通常要赛龙舟、吃粽子（zongzi）。中秋节是观赏满月的日子。圆圆的月亮象征着圆满，象征着家庭团聚。因此，中秋节（The Mid-autumn Festival）的特制食品是一种圆形的月饼。春节时中国的农历新年（the Chinese lunar New year`s holiday），除了常见的家禽和肉类之外，人们还要按各自的地方习俗烹制传统食物，如饺子和年糕。
Traditional Chinese holiday meals are indispensable on some festivals. For example, the Dragon Boat Festival is a day established in memory of the ancient poet Qu Yuan and people usually hold dragon boat races and eat zongzi, or rice dumpling on that day. The Mid-autumn Festival is an occasion for viewing the full moon. The round moon is a symbol for completeness and family reunion. The special food of the day is yuebing, a round cake known as the mooncake. The Spring Festival is the Chinese lunar New Year`s holiday. Besides the popular poultry and meat, people cook traditional food according to regional customs, for example, jiaozi, or boiled dumplings, and niangao, or the “new year cake”.

北京有无数的胡同（hutong）。平民百姓在胡同里的生活给古都北京带来了无穷的魅力。北京的胡同不仅仅是平民百姓的生活环境，而且还是一门建筑艺术。通常，胡同内有一个大杂院，房间够4到10个家庭的差不多20口人住。所以，胡同里的生活充满了友善和人情味。如今，随着社会和经济的飞速发展，很多胡同被新的高楼大厦所取代。但愿胡同可以保留下来。
In Beijing, there are numerous hutongs. The life of common people in hutongs brings endless charm to the ancient capital, Beijing. The hutong in Bejing is not only the living environment of common people but also a kind of architecture. Usually, there is a courtyard complex inside hutong, with rooms shared by 4 to 10 families of about 20 people. Therefore, life in hutongs is full of friendliness and genuine humanity. Nowadays, with rapid social and economic development, many hutongs are replaced by new tall buildings. I hope hutongs can be preserved.

过去的七年，中国的房地产（real estate）业经历了前所未有的高速增长。对于那些月薪较低但却渴望在大城市拥有一套属于自己的体面的、舒适的栖身之所的人来说，高昂的房价是他们无法承受的负担。鉴于这一状况，政府近来采取了一系列的措施来防止房价过快增长，包括提高利率及增加房产税等。目前，这些措施在部分城市已经取得了初步的成效。
In the past seven years, China’s real estate industry has developed in a record high speed. For those who earn less but eager to own a decent and comfortable place of their own in a big city, the high housing price is a heavy burden that they cannot afford. For this reason, the government has taken a series of measures to prevent the housing price from rising too fast, including raising interest rates and increasing taxes on real estate etc. Presently, these measures have achieved initial effects in some cities.

中国高速铁路网由中国铁路公司运营。该铁路网包括所有商业高速铁路列车运行服务，这些列车的时速平均高达200公里或更高。目前中国拥有全国最长的高铁线网，运营中线路越9300公里。2012年12月25日，中国启动世界上最长的线路，该线路从北京到广州，共2298公里。高铁服务于2007年在引进中国。在政府的大力资助下，高铁线路网正在迅速扩展。
The high-speed rail network in china is operated by China Railway Corporation. The network consists of all commercial train services, and the trains have an average speed of 200km/h or higher. China has the world’s longest high-speed rail network with about 9,300 km of routes in service at present. The world’s longest line opened in China on December 25, 2012. It runs 2,298 km from Beijing to Guangzhou. High-speed rail service in China was introduced in 2007. With generous funding from the government, the network is rapidly expanding

蹴鞠是中国古代的一项球类运动。他是竞技运动，要把球踢进球网内。该运动是为了训练士兵而发明的。在汉代，从军队到皇室，乃至贵族阶层，蹴鞠都很盛行。由于社会经济的发展，蹴鞠在宋代甚至风靡社会各阶层。当时，职业蹴鞠球员十分普遍。这些球员分两类：一类是由皇室训练病为皇室表演，而另一类则由靠蹴鞠谋生的平民百姓组成。
Cuju is an ancient Chinese ball game. It is a competitive game that involves kicking a ball through an opening into a net. The game was invented for military training purpose. During the Han dynasty the popularity of Cuju spread from the army to the royal courts and upper classes. Due to social and economic development, the sport even extended its popularity to every class in society during the Song dynasty. At that time, professional Cuju players were quiet popular. These players fell into two groups: one was trained by and performed for the royal court and the other consisted of civilians who made a living as Cuju players

中国戏曲是中国戏剧和音乐剧的结合，其起源可追溯到3世纪。中国戏曲有很多地方剧分支，京剧是其中最有名的一个。京剧出现于18世纪末，并于19世纪中期得到充分发展和认可。京剧在清朝宫廷（the Qing Dynasty court）特别受欢迎，并已被视为中国的文化珍品之一。中国戏曲会用到面具。面具的每种颜色代表不同的含义，用来表现人物角色，说明他们的情感状态和大致性格。
Chinese opera is a combination of Chinese drama and musical theatre, which roots back as far as the third century. There are numerous regional branches of Chinese Opera, of which the Beijing Opera (Jingju) is one of the most notable. The Beijing Opera arose in the late 18th century and became fully developed and recognized by the mid-19th century. It was extremely popular in the Qing Dynasty court and has been regarded as one of the cultural treasures of China. Masks are used in Chinese opera. Each color of the mask has a different meaning, portraying a character’s role and illustrating their emotional state and general character.

舞龙（dragon dance）是中华文化中一种传统的舞蹈表演形式。传统上来讲，其表演动作象征着龙的历史地位，展示了力量与尊贵。舞龙起源于汉代（the Han Dynasty）。人们认为它最初是作为耕作收成文化的一部分；同时也是一种治病防病的起源。舞龙在宋代（the Song Dynasty）已十分盛行，成为了一项民间活动，且最常见于各种节日庆典中。舞龙是世界各地唐人街举办春节庆典的一个重头戏。

Dragon dance is a form of traditional dance performance in Chinese culture. The movements in the performance traditionally symbolize historical roles of dragons, demonstrating power and dignity. The dragon dance originated in the Han Dynasty. It is believed to have begun as part of the farming and harvest culture, also with origins as a method of healing and preventing sickness. It was already a popular event during the Song Dynasty when it had become a folk activity and was most often seen in various festival celebrations. The dragon dance is a highlight of New Year celebrations held worldwide in Chinatown around the world.

如今，越来越多的大学生抱怨很难找到好工作。造成这一现象的原因如下：首先，大学生把在校的大多数时间都用在了专业学科学习上，只有当他们开始找工作的时候，才意识带自己缺乏必要的职业培训。其次，大学生之间的竞争也越来越激烈，这导致任何一名大学生找到工作的机会都变小了。因此，强烈建议大学生在课余时间做一些兼职工作，以积累相关的工作经验。

Nowadays, more and more university students complain about having great difficulties in finding a good job. The reasons for this phenomenon are as follows. First, college students spend most of their time at school studying academic subjects and it is only when they start looking for a job that they realize they lack necessary job training. Second, competition among graduates has become more and more fierce. And this results in a decreased chance for any individual graduate to find a job. Therefore, it is highly suggested that college students should do some part-time job in their spare time to accumulate working experience.

剪纸（paper cutting）是中国最为流行的传统民间艺术形式之一。中国剪纸拥有一千五百多年的历史，在明朝和清朝时期（the Ming and Qing Dynasties）特别流行。人们常用剪纸美化居家环境，特别是在春节和婚庆期间，剪纸被用来装饰门窗和房间，以增加喜庆的气氛。剪纸最常用的颜色是红色，象征健康和兴旺。中国剪纸在世界各地很受欢迎，经常被用作馈赠外国友人的礼物。

Paper cutting is one of China’s most popular traditional folk arts. Chinese paper cutting has a history of more than 1500 years. It is widespread particularly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. People often beautify their homes with paper cuttings. During the Spring Festival and wedding celebrations, in particular, paper cuttings are used to decorate doors, windows and rooms in order to enhance the joyous atmosphere. The color most frequently used in paper cutting is red, which symbolizes health and prosperity. Chinese paper cutting is very popular around the world and it is often given as a present to foreign friends.

故宫（the Forbidden City）雄伟、壮丽，是中国古建筑艺术的巅峰之作，其规模和独具特色的风格享誉世界。故宫内保存着大量珍贵、稀有的古物，它们对研究明、清两代历史和历代艺术具有十分重要的意义。1925年故宫改名为故宫博物馆，并成为世界上最大的博物馆之一。新中国成立后，人民政府投入了大量资金对故宫进行保护和维修。它现在是北京最受欢迎的旅游景点之一。
译文：
The Forbidden City, grand and magnificent, represents the highest peak of ancient Chinese architecture and enjoys worldwide fame for its scale and unique style. Preserved here are a large number of rare and precious antiques, which are of great significance to the study of Ming and Qing history and the arts of past dynasties. In 1925, the Forbidden City was renamed Palace Museum and became one of the largest museums in the world. Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the national government has spent large sums of money on the protection and maintenance of the Forbidden City. At present it is one of the most popular tourism sites in Beijing.

端午节，又称龙舟节和重五（Double Five），是一个源于中国的传统节日。每年的农历五月初五为端午节。这就是重五这一别称的由来。端午节里流传最广的三种活动是吃粽子、喝雄黄酒（realgar wine）以及赛龙舟。其他常见的活动还包括挂钟馗（Zhong Kui）像、写符咒（spells）和佩戴香囊药包（perfumed medicine bags）。古代的人们认为，所有这些活动，连同喝雄黄酒，都能有效防病驱邪、促进生活安康。
译文：
Duanwu Festival, also known as Dragon Boat Festival and the Double Fifth, is a traditional festival originating in China. The festival occurs on the 5th day of the 5th month of the lunar calendar. This is the origin of its alternative name, Double Fifth. Three of the most widespread activities include hanging up icons of Zhong Kui, writing spells and wearing perfumed medicine bags. All of these activities, together with the drinking of realgar wine, were regarded by the ancients as effective in preventing disease and evil, and promoting health and well-being.

1978年底召开的中共第十一届三中全会（The Third Plenary Session of the CPC 11th Central Committee）代表了新中国历史上一个意义深远的转折点。自1979年起，中共开始实施由邓小平发起的改革开放政策。对重新调整经济结构及改革经济、政治制度做了较大努力。中国正在逐步建立一条引导走向社会主义现代化的有中国特色的道路。自1979年起，中国已发生巨大变化。国家形势比以往好，人民正享受到比以往任何时候都更多的物质利益。
译文：
The Third Plenary Session of the CPC 11th Central Committee held at the end of 1978 represented a profound turning point in the history of new China. Since the launch of the Reform and Opening-up Policy, (which was) initiated by Deng Xiaoping, in 1979,major efforts have been made to readjust the economic structure, and reform the economic and political systems. China is, step by step, establishing a road with Chinese characteristics, a road that will lead to socialist modernization. Great changes have come about in China since 1979. The situation in the country is the best ever, and the people are enjoying more material benefits than ever before.

饺子（Jiaozi）是人们在中国新年及北方常年吃的主要食物之一。饺子的发音听起来与最早的纸币的名字相似，所以吃饺子被认为会带来幸运。很多家庭在除夕夜吃饺子。有些厨师会藏一枚干净的硬币，让幸运的人找到它。常见的饺子肉馅包括猪肉，牛肉，鸡肉以及鱼肉，这些肉馅通常会与切碎的蔬菜混合在一起。吃饺子时拌有包含醋，大蒜或辣椒酱（hot sauce）的以酱油（soy sauce）为基础的蘸酱（dipping sauce）。
Jiaozi are one of the major foods eaten during the Chinese New Year and year round in the northern provinces. The pronunciation of Jiaozi sounds like the name for the earliest paper money, so eating them is believed to bring good fortune. Many families eat Jiaozi on Chinese New Year’s Eve. Some cooks will hide a clean coin for the lucky to find. The common meat fillings of Jiaozi include pork, beef, chicken and fish, which are usually mixed with chopped vegetables. Jiaozi are eaten with a soy sauce-based dipping sauce that may include vinegar, garlic or hot sauce.

中国武术（Chinese Kung Fu）已有数千年的历史，包含有众多搏击方式，是中国传统文化的重要组成部分。其诞生是出于古时对自我防卫，狩猎技巧及军事训练的需要。历史上，中国武术的影响可在本书及亚洲独有的表演艺术中见到。近来，其影响还扩展到目标受众宽广得多的电影及电视业。由此，中国武术的传播已超越其民族根源，对全世界都有着吸引力。
Chinese Kung Fu, with a history of a few thousand years and a number of fighting styles, is an important part of Chinese traditional culture. Its birth was attributed to the need for self-defense, hunting techniques and military training in ancient times. Historically, the influence of Chinese Kung Fu could be found in books and in the performing arts specific to Asia. Recently, those influences have extended to the movies and television that target a much wider audience. As a result, Chinese Kung Fu has spread beyond its ethnic roots and has a global appeal.

与中国大多数其他城市的人相比，广州人的平均收入很高，小康之家越来越多。因此，广州人上馆子很常见。广州的餐馆整天宾客满座，因此广州人似乎特爱享用美食。他们喜欢上馆子喝早茶（morning tea）。在那里，小推车（carts）上装着各种“点心”（dim sum），从一个桌子推到另一个桌子，供应顾客。周末一大早，从7点开始就起床，在各种餐馆里边喝茶，边吃早餐，边和朋友聊天。
Compared with people in most other Chinese cities, people in Guangzhou have quite high average income, and the number of well-to-do families has been rising steadily. For this reason, Guangzhou residents seem to be particularly keen on having good food. The locals like to have “morning tea” in restaurants, where a large variety of dim sum is served on carts going from table to table. At weekends, as early as 7 o’clock, a lot of people in Guangzhou are up and already chatting with friends over tea and breakfast in various restaurants.