八年级（下）unit10SectionAGrammarFocus设计.doc

Unit10教学设计
Section A (Grammar focus – 4c)
教材来源：初中九年级《英语》教科书/人民教育出版社2014年版内容来源八年级《英语》下册第十单元
主题： I’ve had this bike for three years.
课时：第三课时
授课对象：八一班学生
设计者：梁厚红
一、基于课标:
1. 理解“语法项目表”中所列语法项目表并能在特定语境中使用。
2.了解常用语言形式的基本表结构和常用表意功能。
3.在实际运用中体会和领悟语言形式的表一功能。
4.理解并运用恰当的语言形式描述具体的时间和具体行为的发生。
二、基于教材
本课围绕 “谈论人们拥有某物多长时间 ” 这一话题开展, 使学生掌握与 此有关的词汇并能用现在完成时谈论 。教师运用“任务型”语言教学途径,采取“听、说、读、写 ” 的教学手段, ,激发学生学习英语的兴趣， 获得英语学习的成就感。
三、基于学情
八年级学生学习教材有五年半的时间了, 对于教材的特点和结构都很熟悉, 此阶段学生,对英语学习的兴趣不太高。对 谈论人们拥有某物多长时间的话题，熟练运用since, for 谈论自己的个人物品并正确区分现在完成时与一般过去时，这对于学生来说有一定的难度，需要老师的指导。
学习目标：
1.掌握现在完成时的用法
2. 能听懂谈论人们拥有某物多长时间的话题，能熟练运用since, for 谈论自己的个人物品。
3.正确区分现在完成时与一般过去时
学习过程
Step 1 lead in
出示grammar focus下面的典型例句，让学生们先自己观察句子结构，对比现在完成时和一般过去时的不同。
eg1. — How long have you had that bike over there? 那边的那辆自行车你买了多长时间了？
— I’ve had it for three years. 我买了三年了。
eg2. How long has his son owned the train and railway set? 他的儿子拥有这套轨道火车多长时间了？
He’s owned it since his fourth birthday. 自他四岁生日起，他就拥有了它。
eg3. Have you ever played football? 你曾经踢过足球吗？
Yes, I did when I was little, but I haven’t played for a while now.
是的，当我很小时就踢过，但是现在我有好长一段时间没有踢了。
Step 2 精讲点拨
现在完成时
1. 现在完成时的构成
助动词have（has）+过去分词
否定句在 have/has后加not.
一般疑问句把have/has提到主语前.
2. 现在完成时的基本用法
v 表示从过去已经开始持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示“从过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间状语”连用，如“for + 时间段”、“since + 过去时间点”、“since + 过去时的从句”、“since + 一段时间 + ago”。且for与since引导的时间状语可以相互转换。 站在现在回顾过去
1)表示“影响” 表过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果. (多数需要结合上下文语境）
Eg.
近的影响 I have just had my breakfast. （影响：不饿)
远的影响，如表示经历等 eg. I have visited the Great Wall before
2）.表示“持续”
e.g1. My uncle has worked at this factory for ten years.
= My uncle has worked at this factory since ten year ago.
eg2. I’ve lived here since 1990．
自从1990年以来我就住在这里。
eg3.I haven’t seen him for three years.
我三年没有看见他了。
eg4.She’s been at this school since five years ago.
自从五年前以来她就在这个学校。
句中动词的特点:
此种用法中表示持续性的动作或状态的动词必须是延续性动词
eg1. 这本书我买了5年了。
I have bought the book for five years. ( )
I’ve had the book for five years. ( )
eg2. 你哥哥参军多长时间了？
How long has your brother joined the army? ( )
How long has your brother been in the army/been a soldier? ( )
Step3 延续性动词与非延续性动词在现在完成时中的运用
常见非延续性动词和延续性动词之间的转换
finish --- be over
come back --- be back
leave --- be away
come/arrive→ be here
become→ be
begin/start→be over
die→ be dead
join→ be a member of
borrow→ keep
buy→ have
请判断
1.I have bought a new dictionary for a week.
I have had a new dictionary for a week.
2. They have been here for two days.
They have come here for two days.
3. He has married for two years.
He has been married for two years.
4.The man has been dead for several years.
The man has died for several years.
学以致用 4a Rewrite the sentences using for or since
1. Jim is in Japan. He arrived there three years ago.
Jim has been in Japan for three years.
2. They are very hungry. Their last meal was ten hours ago.
They have been hungry for ten hours/since ten hours ago.
3. I have a camera. I bought it in 2009.
I have had a camera since 2009.
4. I know Ann. I first met her three years ago.
I have known Ann for three years/since three years ago.
5. Linda is ill. She became ill on Monday.
Linda has been ill since Monday.
Step4与一般过去时的区别
两者都表示过去发生的事情，但一般过去时只 强调过去某时发生的 事情或单纯叙述过去的事情， 不涉及与现在的关系；现在完成时强调过去的事情对现在的影响或结果，主要说明现在的情况。
I saw this film yesterday.
（强调看的动作发生过了。）
I have seen this film.
（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知了。）
Put the following sentences into English.
1. A: 火车已经开走了.
B: 什么时候开走的?
A: 半个小时之前开走的.
2. A: 这本书我已经买了两年了.
B: 你在哪儿买的?
A: 在我老家买的.
3. A: 你看过这部电影吗?
B: 看过.
A: 什么时候看的.
B: 上周星期天看的.
当堂检测
一、小试牛刀 4b Fill in the blanks with correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
1. I __________ (never be) to the water park before. I want to _____ (go) next month before the weather gets too cold.
2. They _____________ (never own) any pets, but they ___________ (always want) to have a dog.
3. We ________ (have) a piano since last November. We ______ (buy) it from the Li family when they moved to the US last year.
4. Cathy and Amy __________ (not be) back to their hometown for two years. They _______ (miss) their hometown a lot and hope to visit the place next year.
5. This museum __________ (be) here for over 20 years. It ______ (be) one of the oldest buildings in this small town.
Step 5 Group work
4c Fill in the questions and ask two students. Then complete the chart.
1. Do you have a(n) _______? How long have you had it?
2. Do you own a(n)_______? How long have you owned it?
Things How long
Tony favorite book basketball for two years
since he was 10years old
Student 1
Student 2
二、能力提升练习
2010-2017河南中考现在完成时 真题演练
( )1. 2010河南26题( C )26 Joe，my close friend，moved to Beijing years ago，and I him since then.
A don’t see B didn’t see C haven’t seen D won’t see
( ) 2. 2011河南33题—Excuse me, where is Mr Brown’s office?
—Sorry, I don’t know. I ______ here for only a few days.
A. work B. worked C. have worked D. will work
( )3. 2012河南25题—I’d like to introduce my best friend to you, peter.
—Thank you, Lucy. But we _____ already.
A. meet B. met C. will meet D. have met
( ) 4. 2013河南27题what___the noise,Bill?
---sorry,I broke my glass.
A.is B.was C.has been D.will be
( ) 5. 2014河南24题---Are you going anywhere?
----I _____about visiting my sister,but I have changed my mind.
A.think B.have thought C.will think D.thought
( ) 6. 2015河南24题I heard a new song on the radio.I ____high
and low in the musicstore,I can’t find the song.
A.search B.have searched
C.am searching D.will search
( ) 7.2016河南28题----There is someone knocking at the door.
----It must be the computer repairman.I____him to come to fix my
computer.
A.Call B.have called C.called D.will call
( ) 8. .2017河南26题---Paul,I’m busy cooking.Can you give me a
hand?
---Just a minute.I _____ my e—mail.
A. am checking B.will check
C.have checked D.was checking