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Unit 3 Science and nature全单元学案
知识篇
一、知识复习1
1. On the other hand, some scientists point out that if you clone an embryo, you can produce valuable human tissues—such as bone or lung tissue—that could be used to save human lives. On the other hand, many people, including some scientists, disagree and are afraid that, if mankind toys with nature in this way, we may be on our way to producing a real-life Frankenstein’s monster.
(1) on (the) one hand…on the other hand…一方面……另一方面……
On one hand, rapid development of the economy will improve the living conditions of people. On the other hand, it will speed up environmental destruction.
(短语) at hand 在手边，在附近 by hand 用手；亲手
in hand 手头现有的，正在进行，在处理中hand in 交上来
hand out分发 hand over移交
hand down 把……传下去 hand in hand手拉手
(2) point at，point to和point out的意思都与“指”有关，但还是有一定区别。
point at习惯上表示指向离说话人较近的事物，意为“指着”，at是介词，着重于指的对象。point to多用来表示指向离说话人较远的事物，意为“指向”，to也是介词，着重于指的方向。point at可分开使用，point后直接跟名词或代词作宾语，at表示方向，而point to却没有这种用法，但它还表示“显示、说明”的意思。
point out表示的是给某人指示方向，要点或错误等，意为“指出”，out是副词。
根据句意，用point at，point to或point out的适当形式填空。
1.The teacher is pointing at/to the map on the wall.
2. Both the hour hand and the minute hand point to twelve. It was noon.
3.Can you point out the man you suspect?
4. All the evidence points to his guilt.
5. They pointed their guns at her head but she was not afraid.
On the point of doing sth when正要做某事……突然
to the point击中要害 a turning point 转折点
explain …point by point逐点解释
(3) toy with玩弄；不认真对待
她指责那个年轻人玩弄她的感情。
She accused the young man of toying with her feelings.
那个小女孩只是把食物拨弄着玩儿，因为她并不饿。
The little girl just toyed with her food , as she wasn’t really angry.
(4) on one’s (the) way to doing sth. “正在做某事的过程中，即将成功，离……不远了”。to是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词短语。
1.他即将成为一个导演。
He is on his way to becoming a director.
2.期中考试就要临近了，因此他学习更加刻苦了。
The mid-examination is on its way, so he is working harder.
我正在去上学的路上，这时我偶然遇到了我的一位朋友。
On the/my way to school,when I came across a friend of mine.
A.(练习) I’ve just heard a warning ______the radio that a storm may be ____ its way.
A. on, on B. over, in C. on, above D. from, on
复习下列短语：
in the way防碍，挡道 by the way顺便问问，顺便说说
in a way在某种意义上，在某种程度上by way of途经
in no way决不all the way一路上；至始至终
make way for为……腾出地方；让路 make one’s way to(辛苦地) 前进
2. Instead, he thinks research efforts should concentrate on creating new tissues and organs that can be used to cure diseases like cancer.
concentrate /focus/ fix on/upon 集中注意力在……上
concentrate one’s attention/energy/efforts/oneself on/upon 把……集中在……上
由于外面太吵，我不能集中注意力在学习上。
I couldn’t concentrate on my study because of the loud noise outside.
Efforts should be concentrated on how to produce more products to meet the needs of people.
3. However, some people consider that cloning human embryos with the intention of destroying them shows no respect for human life.
intention (n.) 目的，打算，意图
intend (v.) 意欲，打算 intended (adj.) 打算的，计划的
with the intention of 为了，以…为目的或意图 without intention 没有目的的
intend to do sth. 想要做某事 be intended to do sth.旨在做某事
He went to Paris to learn French.
He went to Paris with the intention of learning French.
对不起，我不想伤害你的感情，我只是想告诉你真相。
Sorry, I didn’t intend to hurt your feeling; I just wanted to tell you the truth.
这项旨在保护环境活动正在进行中。
The campaign intended to protect environment is under way.
4. I don’t want to adopt someone else’s child—if I had the chance, I would have a cloned baby right now.
adopt “收养，领养” ；“采用”
Many families have to adopt children because they cannot have a baby of their own.领养小孩
They adopted different methods to try to solve the problems. 采用不同的方法
If I had met (meet) him yesterday, I would have told(tell) him about it.
Should it rain (rain) tomorrow, the crops would be saved.
【语言点】①adopt (vt.) 收养，领养；采用，采纳（议案、意见等）
After much deliberation, the president decided to adopt her suggestion.
(总经理再三考虑之后,决定采纳她的建议。)
Mr. Kern adopted the orphan as his own son. (克恩先生将那孤儿收养为自己的儿子。)
【拓展提升】 adopt measures/ an idea 采取措施/ 采纳意见 an adopted son 养子
②If I had …, I would have a cloned… 本句采用了虚拟语气。
If引导的虚拟语气句型总结如下：
对现在的虚拟：if从句谓语动词使用过去式，主句谓语使用would/should/could + 原形
对过去的虚拟：if从句谓语使用过去完成式，主句谓语使用would/should/could + 完成式
对将来的虚拟：if从句谓语使用过去式/were to do/should+原形
主句谓语使用would/should/could + 原形
例句：If I had enough money, I would buy a house with beautiful garden.
If I had followed my teacher’s advice, I would have passed this exam.
If I were to go to London, I could have a walk in the campus of Cambridge University.
1.If my lawyer _________ here last Sunday, he_________me from going.
A. had been; would have prevented B. had been; would prevent
C. were; prevent D. were; would have prevented
2. If it_________tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to Yangpu Bridge.
A. were raining B. should rain C. would rain D. will rain
5. While cloning human embryos is not legal in many countries, some scientists are already pushing ahead with research in order to produce a cloned human baby.
(1) while：conj. 1) though尽管，虽然; 2) when/as…的时候; 3)而
虽然我理解你所说的,但我不同意你的观点.
Though I understand what you said, I can't agree with you
母亲在做饭我在看电视.
Mother was cooking while I was watching TV.
B. I do every single bit of housework ________ my husband Bob just does the dishes now and then.
A. since B. while C. when D. as
A. We thought there were 35 students in the dining hall, _________, in fact, there were 40.
A. while B. whether C. what D. which
D._________English can be difficult to learn, it is a very useful tool for communication.
A. Because B. As C. Once D. While
(2) push ahead with推进，推行
这样不得人心的政策是很难推行下去的。
It is hard to push ahead with such an unpopular policy.
6. China has succeeded in producing clones of cows and goats, and continues to research ways in which cloning can benefit mankind.
(1) succeed in doing sth 成功做某事
He succeeded in turning to being a businessman.
=He managed to turn to being a businessman.
(2)benefit (n.) 利益，好处；(vt.)使……受益
(词组) be of benefit to =be beneficial to对……有裨益
for the benefit of…为了……的利益
benefit sb./sth. 有益于某人/某物 benefit from/by 从……中获益
It is said Yoga is of great benefit to health.
=It is said Yoga is very beneficial to health.
这种愚蠢的行为对你没有好处。（benefit sb）
This foolish behaviour didn’t benefit you.
许多学生都得益于这本好字典。（benefit from/by）
Many students have benefited from/by this good dictionary a lot.
7. I would like to comment on your article ‘The perfect copy’.
comment (n.& vi.) 评论，评注
make (a comment)comments on/upon sb./sth.= comment on/ upon sb./sth. 评论某人（某事）
He made several comments on the book.
We would like the audience to comment on our new play.
8．On a personal note, cloning would totally transform my life.
on a …note “以……语气，以……论调”
He ended his speech to his employees on a humorous note.(用幽默的语气)
On a more serious note(以更加严肃的语气), the manager mentioned the accident last month.
9. 【原句回放】After all, scientists have been challenging moral ideas for centuries. Why should we stop them now?
【语言点】why ( how / who / what )should sb./ sth. do 表拒绝﹑恼怒或惊讶
How should I know where you’ve put it? ___________________________________
Why should I help him? He’s so mean. ______________________________________
10. 【原句回放】Seven years ago, my 10-year-old daughter died of heart failure.
【语言点】die不及物动词死。
die of: 因……而死(多内因) die from 因……而死（多外因）
die down/away/out 逐渐消失 /（风，声音）逐渐减弱，消失 / 熄灭，灭绝
dead 形容词死亡的 death 名词死亡 deadly 形容词---致命的副词---死一般地，非常
11. 【原句回放】Scientists have announced that they have cloned the first human embryo. This has caused much debate around the world.
【语言点】announce（vt.）宣告，通知，声明announcement (n.) 宣告，通知，声明
announce 指对公众或特定的一群关心的人进行宣布；declare指官方的正式宣告
Everyone was silent as he announced the winner of the competition.
This powerful country declared_ war on that small country.
二、巩固练习
Ⅰ. 根据句意及中文提示写出所缺单词的完全形式
Ⅱ. 译出下列短语
1. on one hand, on the other hand__________________________
2. toy with__________________________
3. on one’s way to doing__________________________
4. the first mammal to be cloned__________________________
5. be praised for__________________________
6. with the intention of__________________________
7. show respect for__________________________
8. be anxious to do sth.__________________________
9. push ahead with__________________________
10. for sale__________________________
11. a crop to be harvested__________________________
12. comment on__________________________
13. in complete agreement with__________________________
14. on a personal note__________________________
15. die of heart failure__________________________
16. be burnt out__________________________
17. follow in one’s footsteps__________________________
18. conduct a survey__________________________
19. the majority of people__________________________
20. in summary__________________________
21. take… into consideration__________________________
22. in favor of__________________________
23. point of view of__________________________
24. meet one’s needs__________________________
25. natural resources__________________________
26. at a fast pace__________________________
27. be opened up to__________________________
28. be limited to__________________________
29. as to __________________________
30. food chain __________________________
三、完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
The woman was watching the incident. 11 the driver and the conductor raised their voices at the old man, she interfered(干预).
“Stop 12 him! Can’t you see he’s only trying to get home?”
“He doesn’t have any money! ” the driver 13 .
“Well, that’s no 14 to throw him off the bus,” she insisted.
Then she reached inside her blouse, took out her 15 money, and handed it to the conductor. “Here’s his fare and mine. Just stop giving him a 16 time.”
All heads turned to the woman. “It’s only money,” she shrugged.
She rode the rest of the way home 17 a happy smile, with the money she’d lost earlier 18 .
On the road of life, the help of strangers can 19 our loads and lift our spirits. How much sweeter the 20 will be when we make it a little smoother for others!
9. A. begged B. scolded C. praised D. thanked
10. A. request B. action C. suggestion D. command
11. A. Unless B. Although C. Until D. When
12. A. attacking B. bothering C. blaming D. wronging
13. A. warned B. whispered C. shouted D. repeated
14. A. problem B. need C. matter D. reason
四、阅读理解
请认真阅读下列短文, 从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。
A
I arrived at my mother’s home for our Monday family dinner. The smells of food flew over from the kitchen. Mother was pulling out quilt(被子)after quilt from the boxes, proudly showing me their beauties. She was preparing for a quilt show at the Elmhurst Church. When we began to fold and put them back into the boxes, I noticed something at the bottom of one box. I pulled it out. “What is this?” I asked.
“Oh?” Mom said, “That’s Mama’s quilt.”
I spread the quilt. It looked as if a group of school children had pieced it together; irregular designs, childish pictures, a crooked line on the right.
“Grandmother made this?” I said, surprised. My grandmother was a master at making quilts. This certainly didn’t look like any of the quilts she had made.
“Yes, right before she died. I brought it home with me last year and made some changes,” she said. “I’m still working on it. See, this is what I’ve done so far.”
I looked at it more closely. She had made straight a crooked line. At the center of the quilt, she had stitched(缝) a piece of cloth with these words: “My mother made many quilts. She didn’t get all lines straight. But I think this is beautiful. I want to see it finished, her last quilt.”
“Oh, this is so nice, Mom,” I said. It occurred to me that by completing my grandmother’s quilt, my mother was honoring her own mother. I realized, too, that I held in my hands a family treasure. It started with the loving hands of one woman, and continued with the loving hands of another.
B
While all my classmates seem to be crazy about a one-way ticket to Mars(火星), I’d rather say Mars is totally unsuitable for human existence. People won’t have enough food supplies there, and the terrible environment would make it impossible for them to live a long life. Besides, the journey won’t be safe. Can anybody explain to me just why people would go to Mars, never to return?
Steve Minear, UK
Here are the things you can think of: the desire to explore a foreign and unique environment, the excitement of being the first humans to open up a new world, the expectation of fame and glory…For scientists there is another reason. Their observations and research will probably lead to great scientific achievements.
Paul Davies. USA
5. The main purpose of Steve Minear’s writing is .
A. to report his classmates’ discussion
B. to invite an answer to his question
C. to explain the natural state of Mars
D. to show his agreement on going to Mars
6. Which of the following best states Donal Trollop’s idea?
A. There is a plan to send humans to Mars.
B. There are many reasons for going to Mars.
C. Scientists become famous by doing research on Mars.
D. It is possible to build an Earth-like environment on Mars.
参考答案
一、根据句意及中文提示写出所缺单词的完全形式
1.intention 2. comment 3. anxiety 4. adopt 5. physician
6.agriculture 7. consideration 8. confirmed 9. profits 10. permission
二、译出下列短语
（一）完型填空
6.C从该句“she stopped crying, but still looked …”可以得出答案。
7.A从“When she came to an old man in worn-out clothes, he ……that he had spent all his money when he had accidentally got on a wrong bus and now he was trying to go home.”中可以看出，“老人在向售票员解释他为什么没有钱买票。”
8.A 售票员一听，就要求老人下车。"order the old man to get off the bus” 命令老人下车。
9.A从上下文“老人没钱想坐车回家而售票员却要求他下车”, 于是老人"beg sb to do sth” 恳求……干……
（二）阅读理解
A
CACD
B
BBAC
5.B此题为写作目的的归纳。从Can anybody explain to me just why people would go to Mars, never to return?不难得出答案B.
6.B此题为归纳大意试题。从Here are the things … the desire to explore…,the excitement…, the expectation …For scientists there is another reason. 可以得出答案为B.
7.A此题为细节判断。从Paul Davies 所说的第一段中It will happen when people finally realize that two-way trips to the red planet Mars are unnecessary.可以判断出答案为A.不少同学误选C，文中相关内容cutting the trip home would therefore reduce the danger of accidents, save a lot of money说的是减去回程的旅程会减少危险节省钱，此句是作为一个论据来为A所说的那个论点服务的。
8.C此题为细节判断。从Paul Davies 所说的第二段中Mars has all the materials for a colony to produce or make everything it needs可以判断出答案为C。
Unit3《Scienceand nature》（2012新译林版必修5）
一知识复习2
Verb-ed form
一、V-ed分词具有形容词和副词性质，在句中可充当定语、表语、宾语补语、状语。
1．作定语
过去分词作定语，表示已经完成的被动的动作或状态,但不及物动词构成的过去分词只表示完成，而不表示被动意义。
例如：完成+被动： a polluted river a locked room awell-educatedman
只有完成： a retired worker a fallen leaf boiled wate
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