中英对照-毛泽东十大军事原则处处闪烁着非对称作战思想的光辉.docx

毛泽东十大军事原则处处闪烁着非对称作战思想的光辉
The Application of Mao Zedong’s Ten Principles to Asymmetric Warfare
毛泽东思想是集体智慧的结晶，也是中国共产党在革命斗争和建设岁月里，总结了无数经验教训凝聚而成的思想精华。而其中的十大军事原则军事思想，则处处闪烁着非对称作战思想的光辉。
Mao Zedong Thought is a crystallization of the collective wisdom, and an ideological essence summarized from the Communist Party of China’s experience gained and lessons learned in years of struggle and construction. The Ten Principles of Operations reflect the wisdom on asymmetric warfare.
这十大军事原则，是毛泽东于1947年在中共中央召开的会议上所作《目前形势和我们的任务》的提出的，其主要内容是：
The Ten Principles of Operations were put forward by Mao Zedong in his speech on The Present Situation and Our Tasks during a conference of the Central Committee of Communist Party of China in 1947. Its main contents are as follows:
１、先打分散和孤立之敌，后打集中和强大之敌；２、先取小城市、中等城市和广大乡村，后取大城市；３、以歼灭敌人有生力量为主要目标，不以保守或夺取城市和地方为主要目标；４、每战集中绝对优势兵力，四面包围敌人，力求全歼，不使漏网；５、不打无准备之仗，不打无把握之仗；６、发扬勇敢战斗、不怕牺牲、不怕疲劳和连续作战的作风；７、力求在运动中歼灭敌人，同时注重阵地攻击战术；８、在攻城问题上，一切敌人守备薄弱的据点和城市坚决夺取之，一切敌人有中等守备的据点和城市相机夺取之，一切敌人守备坚固的据点和城市等待条件成熟时夺取之；９、以俘获敌人的全部武器和大部分人员补充自己，我军人力物力的来源主要在前线；１０、善于利用两个战役之间的间隙，休息和整训部队。
(1) Attack dispersed isolated enemy forces first; attack concentrated strong enemy forces later.
(2) Take small and medium cities and extensive rural areas first; take big cities later.
(3) Make wiping out the enemy's effective strength our main objective; do not make holding or seizing a city or place our main objective. Holding or seizing a city or place is the outcome of wiping out the enemy's effective strength, and often a city or place can be held or seized for good only after it has changed hands a number of times.
(4) In every battle, concentrate an absolutely superior force (two, three, four and sometimes even five or six times the enemy's strength), encircle the enemy forces completely, strive to wipe them out thoroughly and do not let any escape from the net. In special circumstances, use the method of dealing the enemy crushing blows, that is, concentrate all our strength to make a frontal attack and an attack on one or both of his flanks, with the aim of wiping out one part and routing another so that our army can swiftly move its troops to smash other enemy forces. Strive to avoid battles of attrition in which we lose more than we gain or only break even. In this way, although inferior as a whole (in terms of numbers), we shall be superior in every part and every specific campaign, and this ensures victory in the campaign. As time goes on, we shall become superior as a whole and eventually wipe out the entire enemy.
(5) Fight no battle unprepared, fight no battle you are not sure of winning; make every effort to be well prepared for each battle, make every effort to ensure victory in the given set of conditions as between the enemy and ourselves.
(6) Give full play to our style of fighting - courage in battle, no fear of sacrifice, no fear of fatigue, and continuous fighting (that is, fighting successive battles in a short time without rest).
(7) Strive to wipe out the enemy when he is on the move. At the same time, pay attention to the tactics of positional attack and capture enemy fortified points and cities.
(8) Concerning attacking cities, resolutely seize all enemy fortified points and cities that are weakly defended. At opportune moments, seize all enemy fortified points and cities defended with moderate strength, provided circumstances permit. As for all strongly defended enemy fortified points and cities, wait until conditions are ripe and then take them.
(9) Replenish our strength with all the arms and most of the personnel captured from the enemy. Our army's main sources of manpower and materiel are at the front.
(10) Make good use of the intervals between campaigns to rest, train and consolidate our troops. Periods of rest, training and consolidation should not in general be very long, and the enemy should as far as possible be permitted no breathing space.

这十大军事原则不足六百字，每个人都能够读得懂，也容易记下，但蕴含其中的非对称作战思想却处处可看见，只要细细品味都能得其要领。
These principles are concise and easy to understand and memorize. The operational thoughts on asymmetric warfare could be seen everywhere between the lines.
在更早期的“反对国民党军队对共产党军队的围剿”战争中（即上世纪三十年代），毛泽东还总结出了游击战的十六字诀：“敌进我退，敌驻我扰，敌疲我打，敌退我追”。从十六字诀到十大军事原则，标志着中国人民解放军作战理论的完善，也标志着非对称作战思想的深入发展。
During even earlier Counter-Campaign against"Encirclement and Suppression" by the Kuomintang forces (1930s), Mao Zedong also summarized the guiding principles for guerrilla warfare : the enemy advances, we retreat; the enemy camps, we harass; the enemy tires, we attack; the enemy retreats, we pursue. From these principles to the Ten Principles, we could see not only the perfection of the PLA’s military theories, but also the deepening development of operational thoughts on asymmetric warfare.
十六字决和十大原则，远不是毛泽东军事思想的全部。更多的毛泽东军事思想，散见于毛泽东的其它文章和指挥作战电报中，例如《论持久战》中的“兵民是胜利之本”，抗美援朝战争中的“你打你的，我打我的”等非对称作战思想等。
These principles are only a tiny part of Mao Zedong’s Military Thought, more of which are scattered in Mao Zedong’s other articles and combat orders. For example, “the army and the people are the foundations of victory” in On Protracted War, and “you fight in your way and we fight in ours” during the war to resist U.S. aggression and aid Korea. These are the operational thoughts on asymmetric warfare.
其实，非对称作战思想的价值不仅仅体现在战场上，在市场经济活动和企业竞争中，同样有着巨大的参考价值。因为商场如战场，如何战胜对手也是大学问。
Actually, the operational thoughts on asymmetric warfare not only could be applied to the battlefield, but also could serve as valuable reference for market economic activities and enterprise competitions. Doing business is like fighting a battle, so it is a big knowledge to defeat your business opponents.
这里讲述一个实例，用来说明毛泽东非对称作战思想的意义——“你打你的，我打我的”，照样可以在经济领域以弱胜强，以少胜多。
These is an actual case to show the significance of Mao Zedong’s thinking on asymmetric warfare. “You fight in your way and we fight in ours” could also help the weak overcome the strong, and use the few to defeat the many.
在80年代中国改革开放以后，美国的可口可乐和百事可乐相继进入中国市场，并且在中国市场一直占有垄断地位。国产的碳酸汽水，在和美国“可口可乐和百事可乐”的较量中，一一败下阵来，始终没有形成自己的强大的国产品牌。但我国最终还是击败了美国，靠的不是国产的可乐，而是瓶装水，就是大家都知道并一直在喝着的“农夫山泉”之类的瓶装水。到了后来，“两乐”都推出了自己的瓶装水，但是大势已去，只能徒呼奈何。
In 1980s, after China’s reform and opening up, Coca-cola and Pepsi-cola from the US entered China’s market and have been dominating the Chinese market. China’s domestic carbonated sodas, one after another, lost the competition with them, and failed to establish a powerful domestic brand. However, China still defeated the US in the market, not because of domestic colas, but bottled water, such as the “Nongfu Spring” . Latter, Coca-cola and Pepsi-cola both launched their own bottled water, but their days have gone.
前几年的消息是，因为业务不佳，持续亏损，百事可乐和可口可乐已经把瓶装饮料资产卖给了中国的中粮公司和太古集团。——这真是辛辛苦苦几十年，一夜被打败回到进入中国前。
In the past few years, Pepsi and Coca-cola have already sold their assets of bottled water to China’s China Oil & Foodstuffs Corporation and John Swire & Sons Ltd. After several painstaking decades, they have retreated to the situation before they entered China.
以此而看，中国这些年和国外强大对手PK，非对称作战思想的指导，还真是功不可没。
Thus it can be said that the operational thought of asymmetric warfare has made undeniable contributions during China’s competition with powerful opponents.
还有一个例子就是轿车工业。中国的轿车工业起步晚，超不过外国，怎么办？不跟你硬碰硬搞一样的，搞不一样的，在另外一条路上超越你。在这种思想下，我上马SUV（即城市越野车），最终国产SUV牢牢占据了国内市场的主导地位。另外还有，汽油车产业搞不过外国，我就搞电动汽车，现在电动车中国比哪个国家都多，既省钱又环保。
Another example is about the automobile industry. China was late comer in automobile industry, and lag behind foreign countries. How could we catch up with them? We can avoid head-on competition, but surpass from a different way. Under the guidance of this thinking, China’s SUVs (Sports Utility Vehicles) developed very fast. Nowadays, China’s domestic SUVs firmly dominate domestic market. Besides, since it’s difficult for us to compete with foreign companies in gasoline cars, we can develop electric cars instead. Now China has more electric cars, which are cheaper and more environmental friendly, than any other country.