亚非拉文化论文——从婚姻文化解读伊斯兰教女性观.docx

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年级

XX大学

课程结业论文

从婚姻文化解读伊斯兰教女性观

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学 号

姓 名

指导老师

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2016年6月
中国 南京
xx University

ANALYSIS OF THE ISLAMIC VIEWS ON WOMEN FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF MARITAL CULTURE

A Thesis
Submitted to the College of Foreign Language and Culture Studies
In Partial Fulfillment of Requirements for
Degree of Bachelor of Arts
By
XXX

Under Supervision of Lecturer XX
June 2016

Acknowledgments
First of all, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, Doctor Zheng Jing. During my writing, she is always patient and prepared to answer all of my questions so that I’ve learnt a lot of writing skills and professional knowledge. Without her help, I could never complete this thesis.
Secondly, I am very grateful to all the English teachers who gave me lessons in my second degree course. They have played important roles in my process of learning English so that I can finish my writing more smoothly.
Thirdly, I’d also like to thank my classmates who encouraged me and gave me thoughtful advices when I’m in trouble.
Last but not least, I want to thank my family who’s always giving me care and love that makes me strong to live and study. They are my motivation to complete this paper.
In addition, any people who helped me in my writing process, I have to give them my sincere thanks.

摘要
女性观是伊斯兰教文化的重要部分，婚姻文化中的伊斯兰教女性观决定着女性在婚姻中的地位。本文从此出发，根据婚姻文化中的相关理论，从女性婚姻权利和伊斯兰教经典女性观等方面，深入分析伊斯兰教女性观及其形成原因，包括父权社会和“法学家法”的结果等因素。本文旨在加深人们对伊斯兰教女性观的认识，同时对于提高穆斯林女性地位也具有重要意义。

关键词：女性观；婚姻文化；伊斯兰教；穆斯林

Abstract
The study of views on women is an important part of the Islamic culture, and the Islamic views on women in marital culture can determine the status of women in family. This article is based on the relative theories about marital culture, from the aspects of women’s rights in marriage and Islam classic view on women, analyzing the causes behind the Islamic views on women, including patriarchal society, the results of “laws of jurist” and other factors. This article aims to deepen people's cognitive of Islamic views on women, and also has great significance for improving the status of Muslim women.

Keywords: views on women; marital culture; Islam; Muslim

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Contents

Acknowledgments i
摘要 ii
Abstract iii
Introduction 1
Chapter One Theoretical Framework 3
1.1 Relative Theories about Marital Culture 3
Chapter Two Marriage Culture in Islam and Muslim 4
2.1 Marriage in the Koran 4
2.2 Rules of the Muslim Marriage in Islam 4
Chapter Three the Views on Women in Marriage Culture 6
3.1 Marriage Rights of Muslim Women 6
3.2 Classic Views on Women in Islam 6
Chapter Four Reasons behind the Islamic Views on Women 8
4.1 Patriarchal Society 8
4.2 Laws of Jurist 8
Conclusion 10
Bibliography 11

Analysis of the Islamic Views on Women from the Perspective of Marital Culture
Introduction
Upon the history and reality, the corruption of unequal ruling class and gender issues in Islam were the foremost problems to be accused. The former is purely human greed with no sense of academic research, while the latter that whether Muslim women can enjoy equality or not and their status level is of concern and indeed very significant to research. However, such an important issue is often discussed and interpreted from a male perspective, which is inevitably difficult to have in-depth discussion of it. With the development of the times, Muslim women’s consciousness is gradually increased so that the view of women in Islam is greatly controversial. The conflict point of Islamic feminism often occurs in the marital culture, so this article will do some research about this.
The issue of women in Islam is highly controversial. Any materials on this subject, whether in print or online, should be used with caution because of the lack of objectivity. While it is generally agreed that the rights granted to women in the Qur'an and by the prophet Muhammad were a vast improvement in comparison to the situation of women in Arabia prior to the advent of Islam, after the Prophet's death the condition of women in Islam began to decline and revert back to pre-Islamic norms. Feminists in the Muslim world in the twentieth century were generally upper class women whose feminism was modeled after feminists in the West. But just as modern socio-political models in the Muslim world after the colonial period began, in the 20th century, to shift from Western models of society and government to "Islamic" models, feminism in the Muslim world began to take on Islamic forms rather than aping the Western feminist form. This has been true not merely for Muslim women but for women throughout the entire third world. Having thrown off the schackles of colonial imperialism, women of the third world are increasingly growing resistant to the cultural imperialism marketed by the West, even in the form of feminism. Hence, third world women, like women of color in the West, are realizing that while they have certain things in common with the struggle of Euro-American feminists, what is best for Euro-American women is not necessarily going to be best for them. Consequently Muslim women have been developing a distinctly "Islamic" feminism, just as women of color in the West have been developing “womanism” in contrast to feminism, which primarily was shaped by the concerns of upper-class Euro-American women. One example of the differences between Western feminism and Islamic feminism concerns the issue of “veiling.” The hijab (often translated as “veil”) is the form of scarf or hair covering commonly worn by Muslim women. It has always been seen by the Western feminist as oppressive and as a symbol of a Muslim woman's subservience to men. As a result, it often comes as a surprise to Western feminists that the veil has become increasingly common in the Muslim world and is often worn proudly by college girls as a symbol of an Islamic identity, freeing them symbolically from neo-colonial Western cultural imperialism and domination.
Our country has multi nations, there are ten minorities whose entire people believe in Islam. With the integration in the world economy nowadays, both to understand the concept of equality in Islam and in-depth discussion of women's issues are of great significance.

Chapter One Theoretical Framework
1.1 Relative Theories about Marital Culture
Marriage life is very important in one’s whole life so that scholars have been concerned about the study based on marriage for many years. Sociologists do relative research not only from differences in marital behavior and influencing factors of marriage, also pays special attention to a certain culture, a certain period of marriage behavior regularity and explain the process of individual differences.
This paper is based on two main theories, “Similar matching theory” which means people always tend to choose couple who has their age, place of residence, education, ethnicity, religion, social class and values. American sociologist Goode once said: “People can indeed believe that the marriage of two families accepted the condition is often a good match both in social or economic” and “all systems tend to mate similar ‘match’.”
“Complementary demand theory” is proposed by Winch (1979). Through his demand for a general theory of motivation: among the spouses, one is to attract, the other person was attracted, which means “In the process of mate choice, everyone believes in his first select suitable candidates within the scope of the spouse seeking to be able to maximize the satisfaction of their current demand.” Before the mate, most young men and women has their own standard about their mate, including appearance, height, income, etc. Then they merit on the basis of this standard, and begin to create a good impression on the other side until it is determined relationship.

Chapter Two Marriage Culture in Islam and Muslim
2.1 Marriage in the Koran
Islam attaches great importance to family, since family is the cell of society whose stability relies on family harmony.
“You and your unmarried men and women of good slaves, you should enable them to mate with each other. If they are poor, Allah will provide his favor, making them rich.” (24: 32)
“Those who cannot get married should try to maintain chastity until Allah gives favor and allow them to be rich. The contracting ransom slaves who are believed to be faithful should get part of your property from God. If your maid wants to keep virginity, you do not force them into prostitution for your own interest. However, Allah is forgiving and merciful if someone forced them to.” (24: 33)
“You use subtle words to propose to unmarried women, or hide the meaning in your heart, which are no sin for you. Allah knows you soon get married, but do not book with them secretly, only saying reasonable words; and do not get married until the expiration of mourning.” (2: 235)
“If you fear discord couples, then, you push a fair person from the relatives of the two, if the two make wishes to reconciliation, then Allah will bring marital harmony.” (4: 35)
2.2 Rules of the Muslim Marriage in Islam
Islam clearly advocates and encourage marriage, against the absolute abstinence and celibacy. Because it believes that marriage is not only in line with human nature, and in accordance with the basic law of development of human society. Besides, the absolute celibacy celibate monk or are contrary to God's will, and these acts are killing human’s nature.
Compared with the secularization of marriage, marriage is placed on the Islamic sacred beliefs, which believes that the common beliefs, love and beauty inside people are the foundation and guarantee of a happy marriage. “Men and women with faith are friends with each other.” (9: 70) For unmarried Muslim men and women, there is a clear gap between friend and couple, and the bridge across the gap is love. Islam advocates autonomy mate, and we should first focus on inner beauty that is inherent in human accomplishment.
Islam advocates mutual love and respect between husband and wife, experiencing happiness and pain. Saying in the Koran: “a kind of miracle from Allah is that He created your spouse for you so that you can love one with harmony and mutual mercy.” (3: 21)

Chapter Three the Views on Women in Marriage Culture
3.1 Marriage Rights of Muslim Women
Women have the right to choose couple: Islam advocates that men and women have their own choice of marriage, and gives women the right to choose a husband. Parents enriching people get married must take effect in the consent of both men and women. Islam disagree any forms of coercion, mercenary marriage. If both men and women do not agree, the marriage is absolutely void.
Women have the rights to divorce and remarry: Islam provisions that if there is indeed affection between husband and wife who are no longer able to live together, after impartial mediation, both sides have equal rights to divorce. But Islam does not advocate divorce. Prophet Muhammad once said: “You are the best people who are certainly the best men to treat his wife.” Therefore, although Islam allow behavior of divorce, morally it explicitly give low evaluation and cautious, serious and relative conservative attitude to divorce.
Women have the right of inheritance and the right to economic independence: women already have a separate property early as the seventh century, and all their economic rights have been confirmed by the Islamic laws. Islam explicitly grant women for full inheritance, and many other rights of possession, rent, gift, sale and management of property.
Women's reputation, honor and dignity shall be inviolable, and the behavior of insulting reputation and personality of women is a crime which will be punished by Allah. For those who slander innocent women, the Koran provides: “the man who informant chastity of a woman, but cannot provide four men as witnesses, shall get punishment with eighty stripes and their testimony shall never be accepted.” (24:4)
3.2 Classic Views on Women in Islam
According to the discussion of the Koran and the original intention of the Islamic laws, this paper argues that the classical Islamic view of women should include the following aspects.
1. Women and men fundamentally share the gift from Allah.
In Islam, unless Allah is clear that something illegal is prohibited, then never jump off it as illegal, because Allah to create everything and the interests for mankind is the fundamental problem. Here humans is regardless of gender.
2. Women should avoid causing sexual attraction to men, because those contribute to illegal things are illegal.
Woman should ban wearing thin, transparent clothes or intending to highlight the tight clothing chest, and avoid to be alone with men outside and prostitution which includes singing lewd songs, painting lower pictures, statues and similar games, fun and dance.
3. Women should behave with convergence, beware of suspicious things in order to avoid engaging in an illegal situation.
Gender relations is a very important issue in Islam in which amour is a great sin. The factors that can lead to improper male-female relationships are always regarded as an abomination. In such a male-dominated society, women appear as little as possible in public places, trying to narrow the scope of activities in the family, which can indeed avoid the possibility of the largest variety of amour, but this is also the incarcerated foreshadow for the lives of women.
In a word, the classic view of women in Islam is improving the status of women, flexibly deal with the problems, women’s behavior needs men’s support.

Chapter Four Reasons behind the Islamic Views on Women
4.1 Patriarchal Society
The principle of patriarchy is twofold: man has the right to dominate woman, the old has the right to dispose of younger. The core of patriarchal society is to safeguard the rights and privileges of men and their rationalization.
As a religion, Islam regulates human’s order, which inevitably demand human for a certain degree of dedication and sacrifice. It is not only for women, but also for men. However, some Muslim countries side emphasis on restrictions on women but broad to male. Sins such as adultery punishment often focus on women only, and it’s usually indeed difficult for women to put forward to divorce, while men can remarry any divorce as he like. Polygamy in patriarchal societies is quite universal.
In addition, restriction on freedom of wife is favorable to her husband's authority. Some Muslim countries ignore women’s right of freedom which is bo