深圳中考重要语法点总结.docx

深圳中考重要语法点总结
一、名词复习重点
可数名词； 不可数名词； 名词所有格
n 1.可数名词
A.复合名词的复数形式 a woman/man teacher----women/men teachers
Boy students shoe shops book shops apple trees 特殊：sports clothes
B.表示“某国人”的名词，其变化有三种情况
口诀：中日不变英法变，其余把S加后面
常考：Germans Frenchmen Englishmen
C.单复同形 sheep deer Chinese Japanese
D.常以复数形式出现的名词
trousers pants(裤子) glasses clothes police people

2.不可数名词
绝对不可数：
news, weather, fun, advice, information, traffic, progress, music, work(工作)， room(空间)
可具体化的：
time, rain, snow, breakfast/lunch/dinner, hair;
a success a surprise a pleasure; a worry a danger
特殊情况的具体化：two coffees two teas
考点：与感叹句、such/so结合
n 既可作可数又可作不可数的名词
paper room exercise experience work word glass fish chicken
3.名词所有格
A.时间所有格 today’s newspaper;
twenty minutes’ walk= a twenty-minute walk ;
two days’ holiday =a two-day holiday
B.双重所有格 a friend of mine many friends of Mary’s
C.其他考点
Lily and Lucy’s room (二者共有与分别有)
Lily’s and Lucy’s rooms
at my uncle’s = at my uncle’s house（表地点） go to the Greens’

二、冠词复习重点：
不定冠词 a/an,
定冠词 the
零冠词 /
n 1.定冠词与不定冠词根本区别
An apple a day keep the doctor away . （同类中一个，不特定）
I like the girl.(特指)
2.a/an
a useful European university union uniform
an Mr. Li has one fox.
3.序数词前用 a/an
I live on _the__ third floor. (一般情况，序数词前用the)
Don’t give up! Just try ___ second time. (a+序数词，表示又一，再一)
n 口诀（定冠词）
特指双熟悉 上文已提及
世上独无二 序数最高级
形前一类人 姓前一家人
某些专有名 习语和乐器
4.接触部位要用 the
She caught me by the arm.
He hit her in the face /eye /stomach.
She struck him on the head/shoulder.
5.零冠词：职位头衔前
Lin was made ____ monitor of our class.
A. a B.an C. the D. /
6.冠代有仇不相见
1）He goes to school on his _____ bike.
A. a B.an C.the D./
2）Today is his_____ birthday.
A. ninth B.nineth C.the ninth D.the nineth
3) There is a flower in his left hand. What’s in his _____ hand.
A. other B.the other C. another D. others
7.有the无the大不同
school/prison/church/hospital/bed/university
1)at table在吃饭； at the table在桌子旁
2)in class在上课； in the class在班级中
3)go to school去上学; go to the school到那所学校去
4)go to bed上床睡觉; go to the bed到床那边去
5)in front of在…的前面 ; in the front of在…的前
n 口诀（零冠词）
代词限定名词前 复数名词不可数
学科球类三餐饭 两节星期月份前
颜色语种和国名 称呼习语和头衔

三、代词重要考点
1. 人称代词
动词、介词+宾格 teach us English belong to him
it 可指代天气、日期、距离、金钱
it 形式主语、形式宾语 it is+adj +for/of sb to do sth
I think/find/believe it +adj +to do sth

人称代词排序: 单数人称二三一；复数人称一二三 ，若把错误和责任担，第一人称排在前。

2.物主代词
形容词性物主代词：my his/her/its our your their+名词
名词性物主代词： mine his/hers/its ours yours theirs（不加名词）
This is my bag. This bag is mine.
3.反身代词 译为。。。 自己
myself himself/ herself/ itself yourself
ourselves themselves yourselves(注意人称的单复数)
Help yourselves, children!
Enjoy yourself, Tom. We are old enough to protect ourselves!
Watch out! You’ll hurt yourself! I made it by myself.
4.不定代词
二者
三者及以上
都
Both
All
都不
Neither
none
任一
Either
any
每个
either
Each, every

两者
One 一个
The other 另一个
The other + 数词
其他
Other +名词复数
Others
剩下的全部
The other +名词复数
the others
三者
One 一个
Another 另一个
The other 另一个
彼此,互相
Each other 二者
One another 三者及以上
任何一个
Any +单数名词（不包含）
Any other +单数名词（包含）
补充either 、neither 做主语，谓语动词单数；
Each of us/the students 做主语，谓语动词用单数， they each/ the students each 做主语，谓语动词用复数。
Each boy and each girl /every boy and every girl 做主语，谓语动词用单数；
some常用于肯定句，或希望得到肯定回答的一般疑问句，如 would you give me some water? Any 常用于否定句，或疑问句；用于肯定句通常表示任何一个，如 Any day is ok. You can buy the book at any shop.

Nobody/no one 没有人
回答 who 的提问
Nothing 什么都没有
回答 what 的提问
None 没有（人或物）
侧重数量上没有

5.指示代词

单数
复数
区别1
区别2
这个，这些
This
these
近处的人、物
下文将讲到的
那个 ，那些
That
those
远处的人、物
上文已提过的

6.疑问代词: which who whom what

四、数词复习重点
1.Lesson 3 (room, chapter, line, row )
Lesson 3 = the third lesson
Chapter 5= the fifth chapter
Bus 11 room 103
2.有数词无s（hundred, thousand, million, billion, dozen）
12,345 twelve thousand, three hundred and forty-five
Thousands of stars in the sky
3.几个半 的表示 two and a half years= two and a half years
4.分数的-与年代的’可有可无 two-thirds in the 1960s= in the 1960’s
5.在某人几十岁的时候 in one’s forties
6. 另外的几个 another six people = six more people
7.日期 2014.3.15 March 15th, 2014
8.时间 8:55 five to eight 7:15 a quarter past seven
9.基数词 序数词变化
一二三特别记，(first, second, third)
八去t九去e , (eighth, ninth)
五和十二 去变ve 为fth (five—fifth, twelve—twelfth)
整十变 y为 ieth (20-90) twenty---twentieth
10. He is a six-year-old boy.(加连字符，量词去s, 后面加名词)
He is six years old.

五、形容词、副词复习重点
1.形修名代 副修动形副
强调： 修饰动词 用副词， 一般情况形容词变副词加ly
感官动词+adj (主动语态，一般单数+s) He looks happy. It sounds good.
2. old enough to do
too old to do
something important
so clever a girl
too clever a girl
how clever a girl!
such a clever girl
quite a clever girl
what a clever girl!
3.so such
So + adj +a +单数名词
So +many/much/little/few +名词 （注意little 表示少，数量）
Such +a +adj +单数名词
Such +adj+不可数名词/名词复数
4. a little &little 不可数
a few & few 可数 （注意没有 a 的 表示几乎没有，否定）
a little & a bit
a little/ a bit + adj a little +不可数 a bit of +不可数名词
not a little = very not a bit = not at all
5.much too+adj 动词+too much +不可数名词
too many +可数名词复数
6.肯定句中的结构：“A...＋as＋形容词原级＋as＋B”
否定句中的结构：“A...＋not＋as/so＋形容词原级＋as＋B”

7.比较级的用法
（1）可修饰比较级的词：much, far ,even, rather, still, any, no, a little, a bit ,a lot
（2）The+比较级， the+比较级； 比较级and比较级 越来越……
（3）The+比较级+of the two ，特定两者作比较
（4）倍数优先原则：表示“A是B的……倍”
A...＋倍数＋as＋形容词原级＋as＋B；
A...＋倍数+比较级＋than＋B”；
A...+倍数+ the size/weight/length/width of+B
as many +名词复数
as much +不可数名词

A…+倍数+

（5）用比较级表最高级
比较级+than +any other/any +单数名词(包含用any other ; 不包含用any)
7.最高级(形容词最高级要加the ; 副词最高级不加)
One of +最高级+名词复数 one of the most famous writers
It is +最高级+名词+that 从句 It is the best film that I have ever seen.

注意: 1.my elder sister 我的姐姐
He is two years older than I.
2. further information further study
3.few –fewer-fewest
7. some time 分开为一段（时间） sometime 合起为某时
some times 分开S为倍次 sometimes 合起S为有时（=at times=from time to time= now and then）
at a time 一次 ；at one time 曾经； at times有时； in time 及时 on time按时
8.adj的ed和ing 形式
We are excited at this exciting news.( 一般形容人用ed, 形容物用ing)
To our surprise, he didn’t come.
He looked at me with a surprised look. (与人相关的物 可用ed)
9. population/number: large small 问人口、地址用what
price: high low
10.hard/ hardly 几乎不 late/lately 最近
11.wide/widely广泛地 high/highly高度地 deep/deeply 深深地 close/closely 紧密地 紧紧地 （-ly形式指抽象的，程度上的）
straight/straightly 一般只用straight 笔直的；直地
12.good/well（adj 指身体好的） bad/badly （badly needed 非常需要）
13.alone 独自的 /lonely 孤独的 a lonely house
alive 活的 /live （on live 现场直播的）/lively 活跃的，生动的 aloud（出声地）/loud（speak louder ）/loudly(，大声地；喧闹地)
14.形容词排序 美小圆旧黄 法国木书房
15. many, a number of/numbers of, a great/good many; 修饰可数名词
much, a great deal of, a huge amount of/huge amounts of, 修饰不可数名词
plenty of, a lot of/lots of, a large quantity of/large quantities of. 可数&不可数
16.open 动词和形容词同形 /closed 关着的， 形容词； close 动词
17. 由连词符构成的形容词只能作定语。 a 11-year-old girl
18. how=so=as=too+adj.+a/an+n. how beautiful a girl
what=such=quite+a/an+adj.+n. what a beautiful girl
19. no more=not... any more 侧重数量、程度上不再
no longer=not...any longer 时间上不再
20.名词和形容词的转化
sun- sunny rain-rainy cloud-cloudy
interest-interesting/interested
care-careful/careless use-useful/useless
harm-harmful/harmless hope-hopeful/hopeless
worth-worthy – worthless(无价值的 price-priceless 无价的

六、介词重要考点
1.It’s +adj+for/of sb to do 形容词指人时用of ，指物时用for
2.on a sunny /Friday morning on the morning of April 1st , 2013
Congratulations on sth 恭喜某事
on one’s own= by oneself 亲自，独自
3.be of great value/use = valuable/ useful
4.leave for sp 前往某地
5.Send for a doctor 派人去请医生
6.feel sorry for sb 同情某人
be kind/friendly to sb 对某人友好
thank sb for (doing ) sth 为某事感谢某人
apologize to sb for sth 为某事向某人道歉
7. At a … speed/price 以。。。速度/价格
8.Look up 向上看，查找 look over 仔细检查
look into=check sth by oneself 深入调查
9.be known/famous as/for 因为/作为。。。而出名
10.be made of/from/in 看得出原材料用 of 看不出用from in+产地 into +制成物
11.besides（除了。。。还有） , except（除了；同类排除）, except for （非同类排除）
12.be married to sb marry sb 和某人结婚
13. come across=run across=meet sb by chance 偶遇某人
14.holes in the wall pictures on the wall
anything interesting in the newspaper
birds in the tree apples on the tree in 指在里面的； on 指表明的
15. in the rain 在雨中
16.beyond sb 超出某人（的能力）
be for 支持/ be against 反对
17.What do you think of sth= how do you like (about) sth 你认为某事怎么样
18.Keep off sth 遮挡 …
keep in touch with sb 和。。。保持联系
19. agree with sb
agree to some plan
20. be surprised/disappointed at 对。。。吃惊/失望
be angry with sb 对某人生气
21.be made up of consist of (不用被动) 由。。。组成
22. keep/stop/prevent sb/sth from doing
23.be interested in
be keen on =be fond of 喜欢。。。
be good at = do well in
24. in reply to 回答
25. require sth of sb 要求某人某事
26.be proud of =take pride in
27. to one’s surprise
in surprise / doubt /belief
28.shout to（to 后跟接收对象）/at（有感情地喊叫）
29.Beijing is in the north of China. In表示在其内部某方位
Guangdong is on the east of Guangxi. On 表接壤
Shenzhen is to the south of Beijing. To 不接壤
30. in+ 大地点 at + 小地点 on the right/ left

七、连词复习重点
1. 时间连词 when, while（延续性动作）, as
until，since, before , after
(1) When I arrived，they are having a meeting.
When I was walking in the street, someone patted on the shoulder. 突然
(2) While you are there, please get me some stamps.
My mother was cooking while my father was watching TV. (两个进行时)
(3) They danced as they sang. 他们边唱边跳。
(4) 特殊用法： while 表转折，然而
As 表让步，尽管 Poor as he is , he is happy.

(5) not …until 直到。。。才
(6) since 后跟过去式或过去时间， 主句用现在完成时
It is three years since I came here. (特例)
2.neither…nor 两者都不 either…or 要么。。。要么
not only…but also（不仅 而且） not…but 不是…而是 就近原则
both…and 两者都
3. and & or Work hard, and you will succeed.
Hurry up, or you will be late.
4表条件 if （如果，是否）& whether（是否） unless 除非 in case万一
条件句，主将从现
作是否讲，只用whether 的几种情况：
（1）whether to do
(2) 介词+whether
(3) whether…or not
5.表目的 so that 以便于
in order to do so as to do in order that +从句
6. because与 so although 与but 不连用
7. as if / as though 好像 He looks at me as if he didn’t know me.
8.even if / even though 即使，尽管 Even if I apologized to him, he didn’t forgive me.
9. as soon as 一。。。就 As soon as I have time, I will go to Hangzhou.
As long as 只要 As long as you work hard, you will succeed.
10. 表结果 so…that 如此。。。以至于
Such…that
I got up so early that I could arrive on time.
It was such fine weather that we all wanted to go out.

八、动词和情态动词复习重点
1. lie 位于，躺；撒谎
Shenzhen lies in the south of China.
lie lied lied 规则的撒谎
lie lay lain 不规则的躺
lay laid laid 躺完了下蛋（放置）
2. rise 不及物动词。 上升，提高 ；起立；起床 The sun rises.
raise 及物动词 (可被动) 举起；养育；筹集（钱） raise your hands.
3. borrow & lend borrow sth from sb lend sth to sb= lend sb sth 借出

take & bring take 带走（从此处带走） bring 带来（从别处带来）
receive & accept receive 客观收到某物 accept 主观上接收
6. reach& get to & arrive 到达 注意arrive in/at +地点
7.spend & cost & take & pay
8.join & attend &take part in & enter for
9.sit & seat
10.say& speak & tell & talk
11. prove spread
12. hang (hanged hung )
动词词组：
1.used to do
be used to do
be used for doing
be used to doing
2.look up & look into & look over &look through
3.give up & give in& give off & give away
4.put on & put off & put up & put through & put away
e true& come up with & come out &come across &come from
6.set up & set out & set aside &set fire
7.send for
8.turn out& turn up & turn down &turn on & turn off &by turns & turn over
9. leave for leave alone
10. stay up
11.call on call at
drop in on drop in at
12.put out & go out

情态动词
注意：情态动词 + 动词原形
can &could 能够；可能
will &would 将
shall & should 应该
may& might 也许，大概
must 必须
ought to 应该
need 需要
dare 敢
be able to 能够
have to 必须
1. 表推测 肯定must 否定can’t mustn’t 表禁止，不允许
2. 表推测 may 语气最弱 也许可能大概
He may come. May情态动词 He maybe is right. Maybe 副词
He may be right. may be 可能是，也许是
3. need sth. need do sth
need to do needn’t do sth
don’t need to do
need doing =need to be done
be needed
4. can/could have done 本来能够做某事，但实际上未做
should have done 本应该做某事，但实际上未做
5. Must I do my homework now?
Yes, you must.
No , you needn’t./you don’t have to.
6. May I use your bike?
Yes, you can.
No, you mustn’t./ you can’t.
7. Our rooms should be cleaned every day.
情态动词+be +动词过去分词
九、时态复习重点
1.一般现在时
注意：1）数做主语，谓语动词要加s/es
2）客观是规律都用一般现在时
2.一般过去时
注意：1）情景设置（强调刚刚没看到，没认出；疑问句什么时候、什么地点做过某事。）
2）不规则动词的过去式特别记 think-thought teach-taught throw-threw
3） 时间标志：just now ; three days ago ; the other day
3.一般将来时 will do ; be going to do ; be to do
will do将去做某事; 将做某事（时间可近可远）
be going to do 按计划或者即将发生的事情；There is going to be a heavy rain.
时间标志： in + 一段时间
4.现在进行时 am/is/are +doing
标志： look, listen, now these days
See/hear sb doing 看见、听见某人正在做某事
进行时表将来： come/ go /leave /begin/start
He is always lying. 现在进行时和always 连用表示强烈感情色彩。
5.过去进行时 was/were +doing
注意：强调在过去某段时间正在做某事
When I came in，they were talking.
时间标志：at 9:00 yesterday morning, at that time, then， this time yesterday
6.现在完成时 have/has + 动词过去分词
时间标志：in the past few years ，already, just, yet, ever, never, so far(till now/up to now), recently, before, since+时间点,for+时间段，how long
用法：从过去持续到现在； 过去发生的动作对现在有影响。
I have stayed here for 2 hours.
I have seen the film, so I don’t want see it again.
瞬间动词和延续性动词
若句中出现时间段，则必须使用延续性动词。瞬间动词和延续性动词转换关系如下：
begin/start
Be on
Go there
Be there
leave
Be away
Get home
Be home
die
Be dead
open
Be open
join
Be in/be a member of
Close
Be closed
get married
Be married
borrow
Keep
come here
Be here
buy
have

1) have gone to+地点,表示“去了某地”。（人已走，尚未回。只用于第三人称。）
They have gone to Europe.
(They are not here.)
2) have been to+地点,表示“去过某地”。（人已回）
I have been to Europe.
(I am not in Europe now.)
3) have been in+地点+时间段,表示“在/来某地多久”。
I have been in Europe for t