机关事业单位工人技术等级岗位考试试题.doc

机关事业单位工人技术等级考试试题
简答题目录
1、什么叫浆砌石？它有哪些砌筑要领？···················································10
2、对模板的基本要求有哪些？···························································11
3、什么叫扣件式钢管脚手架？它有哪些特点？·············································11
4、手工除锈有哪几种方式？·····························································11
5、混凝土浇筑前应对模板、钢筋及预埋件进行哪些检查？···································11
6、砌筑前的准备工作一般有哪些内容？···················································11
7、模板安装的程序是怎样的？包括哪些内容？·············································11
8、操作除锈机时应注意哪些内容？·······················································11
9、混凝土搅拌质量如何进行外观检查？···················································11
10、提高推土机生产效率的方法有哪些？··················································11
11、砖石砌筑的基本原则有哪些？························································11
12、定型组合钢模板由哪几部分组成？····················································12
13、钢筋为什么要除锈？································································12
14、搅拌机使用前的检查项目有哪些？····················································12
15、如何对混凝土拌合物进行检查控制？··················································12
16、简述砖基础检查项目和方法？························································12
17、滑模施工有哪些特点？······························································12
18、拆模应注意哪些内容？······························································12
19、钢筋的现场绑扎的基本程序有哪些？··················································12
20、混凝土工程如何对原材料进行控制检查？··············································12
21、砖墙面勾缝前，应做哪些准备工作？··················································13
22、滑模系统由哪几部分组成？··························································13
23、点焊时有哪些基本要求？····························································13
24、自卸汽车运输混凝土的安全技术措施有哪些？··········································13
25、墙混凝土的振捣要求有哪些？························································13
26、土石坝的渗透观测项目有哪些？······················································13
27、如何预防土石坝裂缝？······························································13
28、土石坝裂缝处理后如何进行土料回填？················································14
29、渠系建筑物如何进行日常养护？······················································14
30、渠道产生冲刷的原因有哪些？························································14
31、造成坝身渗漏的主要原因有哪些？····················································14
32、如何用导渗法处理土石坝的渗漏？····················································14
33、土石坝绕坝渗漏的原因有哪些？······················································14
34、如何抢护土石坝滑坡？······························································15
35、土石坝护坡破坏的类型及原因有哪些？················································15
36、什么叫设防水位？··································································15
37、什么叫管涌？······································································15
38、散浸出现的原因有哪些？····························································15
39、滑坡裂缝与纵向裂缝的区别有哪些？··················································15
40、为了使巡堤查险顺利进行，保证防汛安全，制定严格的制度。一般有哪些工作制度？········15
41、出现洪水漫顶的主要原因有哪些？····················································16
42、子堤型式有哪几种？································································16
43、堤防日常维护工作的主要内容有哪些？················································16
44、漏洞险情出险原因有哪些？··························································16
45、防止漫顶的措施有哪些？····························································16
46、土石坝的变形观测的内容有哪些？····················································16
47、土石坝横向裂缝发生的常见部位有哪些？··············································17
48、坝下涵管产生管身断裂和漏水的常见原因有哪些？······································17
49、堤防中的隐患通常有哪些？··························································17
50、溢洪道的巡视检查主要有哪些内容？··················································17
51、多孔闸门如何进行运行？····························································17
52、启闭机如何进行日常养护？··························································17
53、巡堤查险制度有哪些？······························································17
54、如何用视准线法进行土石坝水平位移观测？············································17
55、土石坝内部裂缝常常发生在哪些部位？················································18
56、化学灌浆的灌浆材料有哪些？························································18
57、水闸的观测项目有哪些？····························································18
58、堤基清理包括哪些内容? ····························································18
59、护岸工程水下护脚采用哪些方法? ····················································18
60、什么是抢险？······································································18
61、河道整治的措施有哪些？····························································18
62、修防工作的任务是什么？····························································18
63、防止风浪的抢护方法常用的有哪些？··················································18
64、堤身漏洞抢护原则有哪些？··························································18
65、简述堤防管理主要规定。·····························································18
66、简述脱坡产生的原因。·······························································18
67、堤坝出现翻砂鼓水应如何抢护？······················································19
68、水利工程中常用的石料有哪几种？····················································19
69、提高推土机生产效率的方法有哪些？··················································19
70、土方压实的目的有哪些？····························································19
71、对土石坝进行的巡视检查应注意以下要求。·············································19
72、土石坝的裂缝有哪些类型？··························································19
73、土石坝渗漏的危害性有哪些？························································19
74、常见的压渗型式有有哪些？··························································19
75、土石坝滑坡有哪些类型？····························································19
76、混凝土坝体散渗或集中渗漏的处理如何处理？··········································19
77、渠道滑坡如何进行处理？····························································19
78、风浪淘刷险情出险原因有哪些？······················································19
79、子堤型式有哪些？··································································19
80、混凝土及浆砌石坝渗漏类型有哪些？··················································19
81、溢洪道的巡视检查主要有哪些内容？··················································19
82、启闭设备使用前应进行哪些检查？····················································20
83、土工织物的特性有哪些？····························································20
84、隧洞产生气蚀的主要原因有哪些？····················································20
85、渠道正常运用的要求有哪些？························································20
86、渠道的病害形式有哪些？····························································20
87、漏洞如何进行探测？································································20
88、试述纯土子堰抢护布置、材料、施工要求。·············································20
89、什么是管涌？一般发生在什么部位？其产生原因是什么？一般采取哪些方法抢护。···········20
论述题目录
1、试述浆砌石砌筑工艺。································································20
2、砼常用的铺料方法有哪些？···························································21
3、滑坡处理注意事项有哪些？···························································21
4、散浸抢护原则及抢修方法有哪些？·····················································21
5、如何构筑背河滤水围井减压？·························································21
6、崩塌抢护原则和抢护方法有哪些？·····················································22
7、闸顶漫溢如何进行抢护？·····························································22
8、如何组织浆砌石基础砌筑施工？·······················································22
9、土石坝的裂缝如何进行观测？·························································22
10、如何采用开挖回填的方法处理裂缝？··················································23
11、土石坝护坡如何进行永久加固修理？··················································23
12、管涌抢险方法有哪些？······························································23
13、风浪抢护原则及抢修方法有哪些？····················································24
14、水闸滑动如何进行抢险？····························································24
15、混凝土麻面产生的原因有哪些？如何预防和处理？······································24
16、混凝土拌和的安全技术措施有哪些？··················································24
17、选择压实机械主要考虑哪些原则？····················································25
18、砌石工程施工质量如何进行控制检查？················································25
19、渠道如何进行砌石衬护？····························································25
20、紧邻水平建基面的爆破开挖要求有哪些？··············································25
21、梁、板混凝土的振捣要求有哪些？····················································26
22、钢筋安装质量控制的基本内容有哪些？················································26
23、梁、板混凝土结构因尺寸较小，施工中应注意哪些问题？································26
24、屋面柔性防水结构如何组织施工？····················································26
25、试述土石坝日常维护工作。···························································27
26、试述岸坡崩塌险情产生的原因及抢险方法。·············································27
27、试述土石坝绕坝渗漏的处理措施。·····················································28
28、试述抢堵堤防决口的方法。···························································28
29、崩塌抢护原则和抢护方法有哪些？····················································29
30、堵口的方法有哪些？································································29
31、试述土石坝坝身渗漏的形式及原因。···················································30
32、混凝土建筑物止水破坏后如何处理？··················································30
33、试述出现漫顶的原因和抢护原则。·····················································30
34、试述土石坝滑坡的处理。·····························································31
35、试述堤防的养护要求及方法？························································31
36、试述管涌险情的抢护？······························································31
37、干砌石施工必须注意哪些因素？······················································32
38、管涌抢护原则及抢修方法有哪些？····················································32
39、岸坡崩塌险情及出险原因有哪些？····················································32
40、水闸滑动如何进行抢险？····························································33

一、选择题
1、处于潮湿环境或水下使用的砂浆应用(A.水泥砂浆)。 
2、砌筑块石挡土墙时，两个分层高度间的错缝不得小于(C.8 )cm。 
3、砖墙预留的过人洞，其侧边离交接处的墙面应不小于(C.50)cm，洞口顶部宜设置过梁。 
4、平拱砖过梁适用于跨度不超过(A.1.8)m的门窗洞口。 
5、当竖向模板最低处高于地面( D.10 )m时，应考虑各方向风荷载作用的抗倾稳定。 
6、模板安装时，凡属承重的梁板结构，跨度大于 4m 以上时，跨中应预留起拱高度．每米增高(C.3)mm，两边逐渐减少，至两端同原设计高程等高， 
7、扣件式钢管双排脚手架的小横杆靠墙一端应离开墙体装饰面至少 (A.100)mm。
8、Ⅰ级钢筋单面搭接焊最小搭接长度不少于(D.8)d(钢筋直径)。 
9、断线钳是定型产品，它一般用于切断(D.l5)mm以下的钢丝。
10、钢筋扳子的扳口尺寸要比弯制钢筋大(A.2)mm较为合适，过大会影响弯制形状的正确。 
11、手弧焊接作业，焊机必须装设接地线。地线电阻不应大于(C.4)Ω。 
12、锥螺纹套筒连接，所连钢筋直径之差不宜超过 (D.9 )mm。
13、搭接钢筋为受压钢筋时， 筋间距不应大于(B.10)d。 
14、砂砾地基应清除杂物，整平基础面，并浇筑(C.10～20)cm 厚素混凝土垫层。 
15、设计配合比中的加水量根据(C.水灰比)计算确定，并以饱和面干状态的砂子为标准。 
16、在完成混凝土搅拌机检查工作后，即可进行开盘搅拌，为不改变混凝土设计配合比，补偿粘附在筒壁、叶片上的砂浆，第一盘应减多加水泥、砂各(B．15)%。 
17、溜管卸料时，其出口离浇筑面的高差应不大于1.5m。并利用拉索拖动均匀卸料，但应使溜管出口段约 (B．2 ) m长与浇筑面保持垂直，以避免混凝土料分离。随着混凝土浇筑面的上升，可逐节拆卸溜管下端的管节。 
18、用表面式振捣器在双层钢筋结构中浇筑层的允许最大铺料厚度为(B．120)mm。 
19、人工平仓用论铁坛锹讨，平仓距离不超过(C.3)m。 
20、振捣棒在每一孔位的振捣时间，以混凝土不再显著下沉，水分和气泡不再逸出并开始泛浆为准。振捣时间和混凝土坍落度、石子类型及最大粒径、振捣器的性能等因素有关，一般为 (B．20～30)s。
21、浆砌石施工的砌筑要领可概括为:平、稳、满、错四个字。平，同一层面大致砌平，相邻石块的高差宜小于（B.2～3）。 
22、筑圆形建筑物(如水池)一般采用（B. 顶砌法）， 法全部采用丁砖，便于砌筑成所需的弧度。
23、墙身砌体高度超过地坪（A.1.2 ）m以上时，应搭设脚手架。 
24、滑模施工在滑动过程中，要求各千斤顶的相对标高之差不得大于（D.40）mm。 
25、木脚手架的搭设时，对于单排外脚手架，搭设高度一般不得超过（B.20）m。 
26 、钢筋的贮存堆放时，钢筋下部应垫高，离地至少（B.20 ）cm高，以防钢筋锈蚀。 
27、钢筋在使用前必须经过调直,钢筋调直后其表面伤痕不得使钢筋截面积减少（D.5 ）％以上。 
28 、操作钢筋切断机在断短料时，不用手扶的一端应用（A.1）m以上长度的钢管套压。 
29、如果有多台对焊机并列安装时，两台焊机之间的距离最少要有（B.3）m，并且要求接在不同相位的电源上。 
30、乙炔钢瓶必须安放在垂直的位置。当瓶内压力减低到（A.0.2）MPa 时，应停止使用。
31、根据施工规范规定：直径在（B.25）mm以下的钢筋接头，可采用绑扎接头。 
32、焊接与绑扎接头距钢筋弯起点不小于（B.10）d，也不位于最大弯矩处。 
33、施工规范对配料精度(按重量百分比计)的要求是：水泥、掺合料、水、外加剂溶液为±（A.1）%。 
34、搅拌机运输时，应将进料斗提升到上止点，并用保险铁链锁住。轮胎式搅拌机的搬运可用机动车拖行，但其拖行速度不得超过（B.15）。如在不平的道路上行驶，速度还应降低。 
35、溜槽为钢制槽子(钢模)，可从皮带机、自卸汽车、斗车等受料，将混凝土转送入仓。 坡度可由试验确定， 采用（D.45）左右。 
36、开始浇筑前，要在岩面或老混凝土面上，先铺一层（B.2～3）cm 厚的水泥砂浆(接缝砂浆)以保证新混凝土与基岩或老混凝上结合良好。
37、台阶浇筑法浇筑块的台阶层数以（D.5～10）层为宜，层数过多，易使下层混凝土错动，并使浇筑仓内平仓振捣机械上下频率调动，容易造成漏振。 
38、振捣棒的插入深度，在振捣第一层混凝土时，以振捣器头部不碰到基岩或老混凝土面，但相距不超过（C.5）cm为宜。 
39、硅酸盐水泥、普通硅酸盐水泥混凝土养护时间不少于（B.14）d。 
40 、块石基础每天可砌高度不应超过（B.4.2）m。 
41、堤防压实质量控制指标是土的干密度，一般设计要求应达到(C、1.5) t/m 以上。
42、堤防灌浆压力一般控制在(C、98)kPa。 
43、纯土子堰顶宽一般为(B、1.0)m。 
44、土料的密度、含水量、(B、可松性)等主要工程性质对土方工程的施工方法、施工进度均有很重要的影响。 
45、推土机适用于堆筑高度在(A、1.5)m以内的路基、渠堤等。 
46、拖式铲运机的运距以不超过(D、 800 )m为宜，当运距在 300m左右时效率最高。 
47、土石坝清基应把坝基范围内有机质含量大于(B、2)%的表土清除掉。
48、土石坝坝面取样所测定的干密度试验结果，其合格率应不小于(D、90) %，不合格干密度不得低于设计值的 98%，且不能集中出现。 
49、钢模板的宽度以 (50)mm进级，长度以(150)mm进级，其规格和型号已做到标准化、系列化。 
50、模板拆除中，当梁的跨度为 5m 以上．要求达到设计强度的(D、100 )％； 
51、木脚手架的搭设时，对于双排外脚手架，搭设高度一般不得超过(C、30) m。
52、钢筋、钢丝、钢绞线应作成批验收，每批的数量应小于(D、60)ｔ。
53、Ⅱ级钢筋受拉区钢筋绑扎接头的最小搭接长度(B、35)d。 
54、在水利水电工程施工中进行钢筋代换时，某种直径的钢筋以钢号相同的另一种钢筋代替时,其直径变更范围不宜超过(D、4)mm。 
55、断线钳是定型产品，它一般用于切断(D、5)mm以下的钢丝。 
56、操作钢筋切断机在断短料时，不用手扶的一端应用(A、1)m 以上长度的钢管套压。 
57、下面哪种建筑物不属于防洪堤(B、海塘)： 
58、采用抛石方法抢护坝基岸基础淘刷时，抛投块石的重量一般在 (C、30～70)kg： 
59、排水设备应设置在堤坝(D、下游)部位。 
60、建基面终验清理完毕或施工缝处理完毕养护一定时间,混凝土强度达到(A、2.5)MPa 后,即进行钢筋的绑扎与安装作业。 
61、水体某一固定地点的自由水面高出基面的高程称为该地点的( ④水位 )。
62、江河渠道中水体流动的速度称为( ②流速 )。
63、 位时间内通过河道某一断面的流体体积称为( ②流量 )。
64、堤防工程的级别根据防护区内各类防护对象的重要性和规模划分为( ③5 )级。
65、采用机械方法填筑土堤时，施工段长度不少于( ④200 )m。
66、堤防施工清基范围应超出设计边线( ③30～50 )cm。
67、纯土子堰应修在堤顶面( ①临水 )堤肩一侧。
68、纯土子堰临水坡脚一般距堤肩( ③0.5～1.0 )m。
69、纯土子堰顶宽一般为( ②1.0)m。
70、砂石导渗沟一般沟深为( ③0.5～1.0 )m。
71、砂石导渗沟一般沟宽为( ③0.5～0.8 )m。
72、修筑梢料反滤围井时，铺料顺序为( ①细梢料、梢料 )。
73、在背水坡处理管涌险情时，切忌用( ④不透水材料 )强填硬塞，以免断绝排水通路，增大渗压，使险情恶化。
74、在漏洞口切忌乱抛( ④砖石 )等块状材料，以免架空， 使漏洞扩大。
75、子堰修在临河侧，堰脚至堤肩应留出( ②1.0 )m 的宽度，以便于施工及查水。
76、渗漏已在涵闸下游堤坡出逸时，防止流土或管涌等渗透破坏，致使险情扩大，需在出渗处采取( ③导渗反滤 )措施。
77、干砌石施工前，为了防止地下渗水逸出时把基础的土粒带走，在干砌石下面应铺设( ②反滤层 )。
78、( ④花缝砌石 )底部空虚，容易被水淘涮发生变形，稳定性较差。
79、( ②干砌石 )是依靠石块之间相互挤紧的力量来维持稳定的。
80、浆砌石勾缝是在砌体砂浆凝固前，先将缝内深度不大( ②2 )cm 的砂浆刮去，用水将缝内冲洗干净，待砌体达到一定强度后，再用标号较高且较稠的砂浆进行勾缝。
81、堤基清基时，清基范围应超出设计边线 D、30～50 cm。
82、处理散浸时，下列哪种不属于砂石导渗沟布置型式 D、一字形 ：
84、 方工程的施工内容包括土方开挖、 方运输和土方 B、 筑 。
85、 土机适用于施工场地清理和平整、 挖深度不超过 A、1 5 m的基坑。
86、推土机的推运距离宜在 B、100 m 以内。
87、土石坝挖挖掘机合理的装车斗数应为 B、3～5 斗装一车。
89、粘性土和砂土的密度可用体积为 D、500 cm 的环刀测定。
80、当竖向模板最低处高于地面 D、10 m 时，应考虑各方向风荷载作用的抗倾稳定。
81、滑模施工在滑动过程中，要求各千斤顶的相对标高之差不得大于 D、40 mm。
83、木脚手架的搭设时，对于单排外脚手架，搭设高度一般不得超过B、20 m。
85、钢筋的贮存堆放时，钢筋下部应垫高，离地至少 B、20 cm高，以防钢筋锈蚀。
86、Ⅰ级钢筋单面搭接焊最小搭接长度 D、8 d。
87、钢筋切断有人工剪断、机械切断、氧气切割等三种方法。直径大于 40mm 的钢筋一般用 D、大锤锤断。
88、手压切断器用于切断直径 B、16 mm 以下的Ⅰ级钢筋。
89、钢筋闪光对焊作业时，对焊钢筋端头 B、150 mm 范围内要除污除锈，调直。
91、处于潮湿环境或水下使用的砂浆应用 A、 水泥砂浆 。
92、浆砌石施工的砌筑要领可概括为“平、稳、满、错”四个字。平，同一层面大致砌平，相邻石块的高差宜小于 B、2～3 cm。
93、土方工程的施工内容包括土方开挖、土方运输和土方填筑B、填筑 。
94、砌筑块石挡土墙时，两个分层高度间的错缝不得小于C、8cm 。
95、 体后隐蔽工程的回填， 常温下一般要在砌后C、2 8 d方可进行。
96、下面哪种建筑物不属于河道工程 B、公路桥 ：
97、下面哪种建筑物不属于防洪堤 B、海塘：
98、某堤防工程防洪区人口 140 万，保护耕地 350 万亩，此堤防为 2 级。
99、采用土袋子堰抢护堤防漫溢时，每袋应装土 C、七八成满。
100、排水设备应设置在堤坝 D、下游 部位。
101、推土机适用于施工场地清理和平整、开挖深度不超过 A、1.5m 的基坑。
102、推土机适用于堆筑高度在 A、1.5 m 以内的路基、渠堤等。
103、推土机的推运距离宜在 B、100 m 以内。
104、土料的密度、含水量、B、可松性，等主要工程性质对土方工程的施工方法、施工进度均有很重要的影响。
105、粘性土和砂土的密度可用体积为D、500 cm 的环刀测定。
106、土石坝坝面取样所测定的干密度试验结果，其合格率应不小于D、90 %，不合格干密度不得低于设计值的 98%，且不能集中出现。
107、粘性土和砂土的密度可用体积为 D、500 cm 的环刀测定。
108、水泥石灰砂浆自加水拌和到使用完不宜超过B、2 2h；同时由于它凝结速度较慢，不宜用于冬季施工。
109、 石坝挖挖掘机合理的装车斗数应为B、3--5 斗装一车。
110、土石坝清基应把坝基范围内有机质含量大于 B、2 %的表土清除掉。
111、对因汽车上坝或压实机具压实后的土料表层形成的光面，必须进行刨毛处理，一般要求刨毛深度为 4—5 cm。
112、浆砌石施工的砌筑要领可概括为“平、稳、满、错”四个字。平，同一层面大致砌平，相邻石块的高差宜小于C、3～4 cm。
113、浆砌块石的砌筑顺序是 A、角石、面石、腹石。
114、处理散浸时，下列哪种不属于砂石导渗沟布置型式D、一字形 ：
115、堤基清基时，清基范围应超出设计边线D、30～50 CM。
116、下面哪种建筑物不属于河道工程：（B、公路桥）
117、下面哪种建筑物不属于防洪堤：（B、海塘）
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