Nelson-Mandala重点词语归纳.doc

Nelson Mandala重点词语归纳

【预习精练】
I.单项选择：
1. Oh, my God, I forgot ______ the letter for Tom,. It is still in my pocket.
A. to post B. posting C. having posted D. post
2. In my opinion , you should keep medicines on the top shelf, out of the children's ______. 
A. reach   B. hand       C. hold        D. place
3.The famous film star made up his mind to devote all he had to ____ some schools for poor children in western China.
A. set up B. setting up C. have set up D. having set up
4. As far as I know , the _____ of service has improved in our country.
A. method B. attitude C. quality D. cost
5. It is obvious that the old man will die soon, because he has _____ the struggle.
A. given in B. given out C. given away D. given up
6. My dear , that old man has ____ us ￡ 150 000 for the house. Shall we take it?
A. provided B. supplied C. shown D. offered
7. The winter of 2008 in the south of China was extremely bad. ____ most people say it was the worst winter of their lives.
At last B. In fact C. In a word D. As a result
8. Sorry, sir. No one is allowed, whoever he is, ________this room without permission.
A. entering B. to enter C. entered D. enters
9. The young man finally went back home without having ______ any success.
A. completed B. achieved C. finished D. accomplished
10.Boys and girls! Imagine _____ at the top of the hill, and what wonderful view you will see.
A. standing B. stand C. to stand D. stood
二、 用方框内所给的词语适当形式填空。
out of work , worry about , accept , attack , blow up , begins with , come to power , in trouble , lose heart , be sentenced to
1. There was no doubt that the governor was ______ by the press for failing to keep a campaign promise.
2.My dear , don’t _________, and I believe all will turn out well.
3.We’re _________ now so this is no time for discussing.
4.There is nothing to _________ if you study hard.
5.He has been ________ for a year and now he’s looking for a job.
6.A bomb _________ near that street when I walked alone .
7. When did this government ________?
8. The young man ___________ death for murdering his friend.
9. As we all know, the English alphabet ________ “A” and ends with “Z”.
10. He is a very honest official and never _____ any gifts from the people who sought his help.
Suggested keys :
I. A A B C D 6—10 D B B B A
II. 1. attacked 3. lose heart 3. in trouble 4. worry about 5. out of work 6. blew up 7. come to power 8. was sentenced to 9. begins with 10. accepted
单词部分
1. forget
vt. “忘记”，后面接不定式与动名词，意思有很大的不同，要注意二者的区别。forget to do sth. 意思为“忘记去做某事”，指尚未发生的动作；forget doing sth. 意思是“忘记了曾经做过的某事，表示已经发生了动作。例如：
He forgot to lock the door.他忘记了锁门。（门没有锁）
He forgot locking the door.他忘记已把门锁上了。（门锁上了，但是他忘记了）
单选第1题答案为A 。本句子的意思是“我忘记了为汤姆去邮寄信，它现在还在我的口袋里。”动作没有发生，
2. reach
I. vt. 抵达,到达，伸出(手)，伸手及到,够到，例如：
When will they reach Los Angeles?他们什么时候抵达洛杉矶?
He reached his hand out for the book I offered him.他伸出手来接我给他的书。
II. n. (手、能力、智力、影响等)可及之范围[U]，例如：
The insecticide was put out of the child's reach.杀虫剂放在孩子拿不到的地方。
单选第2题答案为A。out of the children's reach超出孩子们手能够到的范围。
3.devote
vt. 常用于搭配：devote…to 意为“把… … 用于… … ；把… … 献给… … ”to 为介词，后接名词、代词或v-ing,不可接动词不定式。例如：
He has devoted his life to helping the black.他为帮助黑人而献出一生。
单选第3题答案为B。to devote sth. to后接动名词作宾语。实际上，all he had作devote的宾语，其中he had是一个定语从句。这句话的意思是：这个著名影星决定用自己所有的一切为中国西部的贫困儿童建造几所学校。
4.quality
n. 质,质量，特质；特性；才能 ，例如：
He examined the quality of the furniture carefully.他仔细检查家具的质量。
One quality of wood is that it can burn.木料的一个特点是能燃烧。
单选第4题答案为C。句意：据我知道，在我国服务质量大有进步。method指做事的方法；attitude虽然有“态度”的意思，但本身就含有“服务态度”之意，无需再加上attitude；cost指商品和服务的价格和成本。
5. offer
offer是常用词,意为"提出"、"提供"或"呈现",表示向别人提供可接受也可拒绝的某物,如帮助,服务或物品,这可能是对方要求也可能是自己主动提出的,常用于offer sb. sth./offer sth. to sb.(提供某人某物)等结构中。例如：
He offered me a glass of wine.他端给我一杯酒。
The old man offered many books to the poor boy .这个老人提供了这个贫穷的男孩很多书。
单选第6题答案为答案为D。offer是常用词,意为"提出"、"提供"或"呈现"； provide要与with连用；supply与for或to连用；show不符合题意。本句的意思为：他们给了我们150 000 英镑。
6. allow
允许；给予，allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事。例如：
He allowed me to take his dictionary．他允许我拿走他的词典。
【拓展】allow + doing sth表示“允许做某事”。
They don’t allow smoking in this area.他们不允许在这个区域抽烟。
单选第8题答案为B。此题考查allow sb to do sth的被动式sb be allowed to do sth。 句意为“对不起，先生。任何人，不论是谁，不经允许不许进入此房间”。
7.achieve
vt. 完成,实现; 达到,赢得。如：
You will never achieve anything if you spend your time that way.你若总是这样消磨时间,就永远不会有所成就。
The actor achieved fame when he was only nineteen.那位演员十九岁时就成名了。
单选第9题答案为B。achieve指完成伟大功业；complete强调可使某事完善；finish强调事情的终结；accomplish指成功完成预期计划，后面往往不解具体事物。
8.imagine
vt. 想象; 猜想,料想。
①后接名词、代词、动名词、从句。例如：
We can imagine his sadness.我们可以想象他的悲伤。
I didn’t imagine becoming a writer in my childhood.在幼年时代，我并未想象成为一位作家。
②imagine + 宾语+to be 构成复合结构。例如：
Can you imagine yourself to be on a deserted island?你能想象出你孤身一人在荒岛上的情形吗？
单选第10题答案为A。imagine后接动名词作宾语。
9. attack
I. vt. 进攻,袭击; 抨击,责难，例如：
The enemy attacked our airport all night.敌人彻夜都在攻击我们的机场。
He tried to attack the problem from different angles.他试着从各个角度来着手解决这个问题。
II. n. 攻击; 抨击，例如：
The planes began their attack on the city.飞机开始攻击这个城市。
故填空题第1题填attacked 。句意：毫无疑问，市长因未遵守竞选时的诺言而被报界攻击。attack 暗示对身体上或言辞上的进攻行为，尤指有计划地发动进攻。
10. accept
accept表示经过考虑而“接受”、“领受”，指当事人的态度。此外，accept还有"承认"的意思，例如：
I accepted the invitation.我接受了邀请。（准备去）
His weakness is quite accepted.他的懦弱是公认的。
【拓展】receive是“收到、接到”一个动作或事实，be well received表示"很受欢迎"。例如：I received an invitation.我收到了一份请贴。（我去不去不一定）
The reforms have been well received by the pubic.(公众对改革反映良好。)
故填空题第10题填accepted 。
短语部分
1.give up / give in
give up与give in 在这组词中是最常用语。give up 的意思侧重于“放弃”，可以作及物动词，后面接名词或动名词；give in 而侧重于“屈服”，只作不及物动词，后不接宾语。
---- Smoking is bad for your health. 吸烟对你的身体非常有害。
---Yes, I know. But I simply can’t give it up .是的，我知道。但是我无法放弃。
The mother gave in and bought a toy for her child.拗不过孩子的要求，母亲买了玩具给他
单选第5题答案为D。give up停止，放弃。
2. in fact
in fact 实际上。如：
I think so; in fact, I am quite sure.我想如此,事实上我十分相信如此。
She doesn't like him much — in fact I think she hates him!她不很喜欢他；事实上，我认为她恨他！
单选第7题答案为B。从备选项看，是四个常用短语，而且其含义相去甚远。in fact事实上；at last最后；in a word总之；as a result结果。2008年中国南方的冬季是特别糟糕的一个冬天，事实上很多人说这是他们一生中最糟的一次。
3.lose heart
丧失勇气或信心
Whatever difficulty you may meet with , you must not lose heart.无论遇到什么困难，你一定都不要失去勇气。
故填空题第2题填lose heart。
4.in trouble
处于不幸中，在临禁中
The boy caused a lot of trouble to his parents; he was always in trouble.这男孩给父母招来很多麻烦，他甚为苦恼。
故填空题第3题填in trouble。
5. worry about
担心、忧虑
She is worrying about his health.他担心她的健康。
There is nothing to worry about.没有什么可担心的。
故填空题第4题填worry about 。
6. out of work
失业，例如：
Both of my parents are out work , and now they are at home discussing what to do next . 我的父母都失业了，现在正在家讨论下一步作甚么呢。
【拓展】in work 有工作/ at work 在工作；off work在休假/ after work下班后；go to work 去上班
故填空题第5题填out of work。
7.blow up
爆炸、炸毁、使充气、勃然大怒，例如：
Be sure to blow up the tires before you drive off.开车之前，一定要把轮胎打足气。
The teacher blew up when I said I’d forgotten to do my homework.我跟老师说忘了做作业，他勃然大怒。
故填空题第6题填blew up。
e to power
当权、上台，例如：
It has been five years since this party came to power.这一政党已经执政五年了。
【拓展】in power 当权、执政；lose power 失去权利
故填空题第7题填come to power。
9.be sentenced to
被判处……（to为介词），例如：
He was sentenced to 3 years in prison for theft.他因盗窃罪被判处三年徒刑。
故填空题第8题填was sentenced to。
10. begin/start with
从…..开始，起源于，例如：
I have to begin with an apology.我不得不从说抱歉开始。
To begin with, he had no money, but later he became very rich..他起初没钱，可后来相当富裕。
故填空题第9题填begins with 。

一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1．All men are born ________，so everyone hopes to be treated ________ because ________ is the essential demand.(equal)
2．A child receives its early ________ at home.A well ________ mother will have a great influence on her child’s future.(educate)
3．Although he is quite old，he leads an ________ life.His ______ include tennis and painting.(act)
4．After years of fighting the people longed for ________.(peaceful)
5．The ________ master beat Tom heavily with a whip.He couldn’t stand being treated ________.(cruelty)
答案：1.equal，equally，equal　2.education，educated　3.active，activities　4.peace　5.cruel，cruelly
二、用括号中所给词语翻译下列句子，然后用五句话将这些句子连成一篇短文。
1．1962年，查理先生被送进监狱。(put sb.in prison)
2．有人指控他想炸毁一所中学。(blow up)
3．事实上，他之所以被判三年监禁，是因为他鼓励该校的黑人孩子为争取与白人孩子平等的权利而斗争。(be sentenced to，encourage，fight for)
4．在狱中，他从未丧失信心。(lose heart)
5．出狱后，他为黑人孩子建立了一所学校。(set free，set up)
6．该校毕业的多数学生都工作出色，不用担心自己的前途。(as a matter of fact，worry about)
7．他们受过良好的教育。(educate)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：[句子翻译]　1.Mr.Charles was put in prison in 1962.
2．He was accused of trying to blow up a middle school.
3．As a matter of fact，he was sentenced to three years imprisonment for encouraging the black children in that school to fight for the equal rights with the white children.
4．When he was in prison，he never lost heart.
5．After he was set free，he set up a school for black children.
6．Most students graduating from the school could do their work well and didn’t need to worry about their future.
7．They were well educated.
[连句成篇]　Mr.Charles was put in prison in 1962 because he was accused of trying to blow up a middle school.As a matter of fact，he was sentenced to three years imprisonment for encouraging the black children in that school to fight for the equal rights with the white children.When he was in prison，he never lost heart. After he was set free，he set up a school for black children.Well educated，most students graduating from the school could do their work well and didn’t need to worry about their future.
三、语篇领悟
仔细阅读课文Elias’Story，写出文章的段落大意。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：The text tells us the poor young Elias got help from Nelson Mandela and he joined in his political organization to fight together for making the black and white people equal.(31 words)
四、课文缩写
根据课文内容用适当的词填空，使短文完整。(一空一词)
Elias began school 1.________ six.The school 2.______ he studied for only two years was three kilometres 3.______.His family was 4.________ poor that he had to leave school.Then he got a 5.________ in a gold mine.This was a time 6.________ one had got to have a 7.________ to live in Johannesburg.He didn’t get 8.________ ，so he was afraid he would be out of work.Luckily 9.________ Elias，he met Nelson Mandela，10.________ told him 11.________ to get the correct papers.Later，Elias helped Nelson to 12.________ up some government buildings.It was dangerous，13.________ he was happy because he knew it was to 14.________ their dream of making black and white people 15.________.
答案：1.at　2.where　3.away　4.so 　5.job　6.when　7.passbook　8.one　9.for　10.who　11.how　12.blow　13.but　14.achieve　15.equal

必修1units1-5 词组总结
Unit 1
1. make a survey of sth 调查/纵观某事
2. add sth “增加，补充说道”
add sth to sth把..和..相加
add to = increase增加
add up/together 合计，加起来
add up to 总计达
3. point out 指出 point at/ to指向
4. be upset不安; 难过
5. ignore something不理睬，忽视
6. have got to (had got to ) 必须，不得不
7. be concerned about 为…担心
8. cheat sb( out) of sth 骗取某人的某物
cheat sb into doing 骗某人做
cheat at/in 作弊，作假，行骗
9. should have done” 本应该做,,,(但事实上并没 有做)”
10. reason for /to do……的(做…的)理由
reason why…/that… 的原因
11. make a list列出单子，造表
12. share sth (with/among/between sb) 与某人共享/分担/均分某物（事）
13. go through 经历；遭受或忍受;仔细检查
14. set down 放下,搁下,使坐下,写下,记下.
set sb down 让\叫---下车
set about(doing)sth 着手干某事
set back 使后退(延迟) 拨回(慢)
set forward 提出,拨快(表钟),促进
set off 动身,出发,引爆，
set out 出发,着手干(to do),陈诉
15. a series of连续, 一系列,一连串

16.be/ get/ grow crazy about sb\sth. 为---狂热的,痴迷的
17. on purpose 故意地 ;为了要…而特地(to).
for the purpose of 为了…目的
with the purpose / intention of doing sth 怀有…目的;目的在于
in order to 为了-----
18. happen to do sth. 碰巧
19.hold/ have sb in one’s power 控制住/ 摆布某人
20. face to face 面对面地
21. put sb away 把某人关进监狱或精神病院; 将某物收起,
22. according to 按照，依据…所说
23. communicate with 与、、、交际；沟通；口信
24.suffer from受痛苦 / 受损失 / 受折磨
25.hide away 躲 / 藏起来平静 /
26. calm down镇静下来
Unit 2
1. at the end of the 16th century 在16世纪末
2. than ever before比以往任何时候更
3 the number of…. 的数量 a number of大量,许多
4. even if/though 即使,尽管
5. be able to 能够(通过努力做成)
6. come up (to) 走近,上来
7. communicate with… 与…交流
8. be different from 与…不同
9. be based on 以…为基础
10. close to 接近,靠近
11. make use of 利用
12. for example/such as 例如
13. Only time will tell. 只有时间能证明.
14. more than 超过,多于
15. play an important part/role in …在…中发挥重要的作用

16. play/take the role of 扮演…的角色
17. believe it or not 信不信由你
18. It’s said that… 据说
It’s believed that人们相信
20. the way(---/that/in which) people speak
人们说话的方式
21. all around/over the world 世界各地
22. expect (sb.) to do sth. 期待/盼望做某事
23. give a command 发出命令
24. make a request for 提出请求
Unit 3
1.find out 查明
2.live along a river 沿河居住 / travel along / cycle along 沿… 旅行
grow up on the river live on the dam
3. dream about/ of (doing) sth. 梦想做…
4. graduate from 从… 毕业
5. persuade sb. into doing / to do sth. 劝说某人做某事
try to persuade sb. to do sth. (不成功)
6. get interested in doing sth. 使…对…感兴趣
7. insist on (doing) sth. 坚持做…
insist that … (should) 虚拟语气
8. care about 关心;考虑
9. a determined look 坚决
determine to do 决心做…（非延续性）
be determined to do （延续性）
10. change one’s mind = change one’s attitude
change our minds 改变想法
11. make up one’s mind; make up our minds 决定
12. give in 投降; 上交
give in to sb. / sth. 屈服；同意…
13. pass through 穿过 flow through 流经…
14. no matter how adj. / adv. = however 无论多…
no matter + wh-clause
15. cut sth. into two parts 把… 切成两半
16. encourage sb. 鼓励某人
encouraged 受到鼓舞的；encouraging 振奋人心的
17. change …into... 把… 变换成…
18. make camp 扎营
19. put up the tent 支帐篷
20. It was … that 强调句型
21. for one thing,… for another, … 一方面… 另一方面…
22. set / make a record ( n.) 作记录
break the record 破纪录
record the experiences 记录下经验教训
23. familiar to （物当主语） / with （人当主语） 对… 熟悉
24. compare …with …对比….
25. prepare / prepare for 为…