教育学lessonlanguagestudy语言学习.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,#,Lesson 7Spring Sowing,B,T,L,E,W,Word Study,Phrases and Expressions,Word Building,Grammar,Language Study,Contents,Word Study,Word list:,assert,2.,cluster,3.,depressed,4.,gruff,5.,imminence,6.,numb,7.,overpower,8.,revel,9.,streak,10.,subjugate,11.,throb,12.,tremor,Word Study,1.,assert,v.,a.,to state or express positively;to affirm,assert ones innocence,b.,to put(oneself)forward boldly or,forcefully in an effort to make an opinion,known,Example:,I had to,assert,myself in the meeting in order,to ensure acquisition of the new book.,Synonyms,asseverate,declare,aver,To be continued on the next page.,Word Study,To,assert,is to state ones opinion confidently,but often without proof to support it.,“I have endeavored to,assert,nothing but what,I had good authority for.”(William Sewel),Asseverate,connotes sober sincerity of assertion.,“The taxpayer also,asseverates,that his return,from Greece proves conclusively that his,intentions were and are honorable.”(Daily,Report for Executives),To be continued on the next page.,纳税人同时郑重声明他从希腊的返回，本身就非常有说服力地证明他的意图，曾经是，现在也是诚实的（行政官员每日报告）,除了我确有把握的事情外，我不会断然地讲任何事情,”,（威廉,西维尔）。,Word Study,Declare,has the approximate force of,assert,but may suggest formality of statement and,authority in the speaker.,Congress,declared,that it would reduce the,budget deficit(,预算赤字,).,Aver,stresses the speakers confidence in the,validity of the statement.,She,averred,that solitude was necessary for creative work.,她断言离群索居对于创造性的工作是必不可少的。,Word Study,a.,number of things of the same kind growing,closely together,b.,number of people,animals or things grouped,closely together,2.,cluster,n./v.,Examples:,ivy growing in thick,clusters,a,cluster,of houses,spectators,bees,islands,Reporters were,clustered,round the Prime,Minister.,（使集中）,Word Study,3.,depressed,a.,a.,affected or marked by low spirits,b.,an area,industry,etc.that is depressed does,not have enough economic or business activity,Synonyms,blue,dejected,dispirited,downcast,downhearted,Examples:,depressed,by the loss of his job,The divorce left him deeply,depressed,.,Britains,depressed,housing market,Word Study,brusque,粗鲁的,无准备的,;,blunt,率直的,直言不讳的,;,crusty,爱发脾气的,暴躁的,These adjectives mean“abrupt and sometimes discourteous in manner or speech”.,4.,gruff,(,声音,),粗哑的,;,生硬的,(,人的行为,),冷淡的,;,态度生硬的,To be continued on the next page.,Gruff,implies roughness or surliness of manner,and often harsh speech but does not,necessarily suggest rudeness.,Her answer was,gruff,but her eyes twinkled.,Brusque,emphasizes rude abruptness.,Try to cultivate a less,brusque,manner.,Word Study,To be continued on the next page.,Word Study,Blunt,stresses utter frankness and usually an,upsetting directness.,I have to be,blunt,:youre not welcome here.,Crusty,suggests a rough and forbidding(,难亲近的,),manner that sometimes conceals,benevolence of spirit.,Hes a,crusty,old gentleman who feeds stray,dogs and cats.,Word Study,5.,imminence,n.,the nearness of something that is going to happen,imminent,a,.,about to happen very soon,Examples:,the,imminence,of nuclear war,An announcement of further cuts in,government expenditure is,imminent,.,Word Study,6.,numb,a.,a.,(of a part of the body)unable to feel anything,usually for a short time,b.,not able to feel any emotions or think,cheerfully because you are so shocked or,frightened,Examples:,I had been lying awkwardly and my leg had,gone,numb,.,My fingers were so cold that they felt,numb,.,Ever since his girlfriend left him he has felt,numb,.,Word Study,7.,overpower,v.,a.,to overcome or vanquish by superior force;to,subdue,压倒，征服，击败,b.,to affect so strongly as to make helpless or,ineffective;to overwhelm,(,感情等,),压倒,;,使无法忍受,Examples:,Police,overpowered,the criminal and took him away.,The smell of the garbage,overpowered,me.,They were,overpowered,by grief when their,son died.,Word Study,a.,to take great pleasure or delight,b.,(literary or humorous)to dance,drink,sing,etc.,at a party or in public,esp.in a noisy way,Examples:,After the long hot summer we,revelled,in the,rainstorm.,They,revelled,all day and all night after their,exams.,8.,revel,v.,revelry,reveler,Word formation,Word Study,9.,s,treak,n.,a.,a line,mark,or band differentiated by,color or texture from its surroundings,b.,a slight contrasting element;a trace,Examples:,streaks,of grey appearing in his black hair,There was a,streak,of wildness/cruelty in him.,(,An inherent,often contrasting quality,),Word Study,10.,subjugate,v.,a.,to defeat(people or a country)and rule them,in a way that allows them no freedom,b.,to treat(yourself,your wishes or your beliefs),as being less important than other people or,their wishes or beliefs,Synonyms,defeat,conquer,vanquish,beat,overcome,Example:,Journalists must,subjugate,personal political,convictions to their professional commitment,to fairness and balance.,To be continued on the next page.,Word Study,defeat,conquer,vanquish,beat,overcome,These verbs mean“to get the better of an adversary”.,Defeat,is the most general.,“Whether we,defeat,the enemy in one battle,or,by degrees,the consequences will be the same.”,(Thomas Paine),Conquer,suggests decisive and often wide-scale,victory.,“A,conquering,army on the border will not be,halted by the power of eloquence.”(Otto von,Bismarck),To be continued on the next page.,Word Study,Vanquish,emphasizes total mastery.,The forces of Napoleon were,vanquished,at,Waterloo.,Beat,less formal,is often the equivalent of,defeat,though,beat,may convey greater emphasis.,“To win battles you,beat,the soul of the,enemy man.”(George S.Patton),Subjugate,more strongly implies reducing an,opponent to submission.,“The last foreigner to,subjugate,England was,a Norman duke in the Middle Ages named,William.”(Stanley Meisler),To be continued on the next page.,To,overcome,is to prevail over,often by,Persevering.,overcome,an enemy,overcome,temptation,overcome,a physical handicap,Word Study,Word Study,11.,throb,v./n.,a.,to beat rapidly or violently,as the heart,pounds,b.,a strong low continuous beat,Examples:,My heart was,throbbing,with excitement.,the,throb,of machinery,机器的振动,Word Study,a.,a shaking movement of the earth,b.,a shaking movement caused by fear,nervousness,illness,weakness,etc.,Word Formation,tremulous,颤抖的,打颤的,Example:,There was a slight,tremor,in his voice.,The story was so terrible that it sent,tremors,down my spine(,脊椎,).,The end of Word Study.,12.,tremor,n.,Phrases and Expressions,as it were,on fire,better off,at this rate,take complete hold of,open up,be cross with,8.,fall over,9.,take for,10.,in the name of God,11.,be chained to,12.,be dotted with,13.,rob sb.of sth.,14.,carry a long way,15.,a flash of sth.,16.,cross ones mind,1.,as it were,seemingly;in a way;so to speak.,A shortening of“as if it were so”,this idiom has,been in use since Chaucers time.We use this,idiom to make what we are saying sound less,definite.,Examples:,She was releasing me from the nest,as it were,.,She is my best friend,my second self,as it,were,.,Phrases and Expressions,2.,on fire,a.,burning,b.,(of passion)burning with emotion;greatly,excited;full of ardor;very enthusiastic;,excited or passionate,Examples:,The enemy could not but abandon the warship,on fire,.,He was,on fire,with excitement at this,marvelous sight.,Phrases and Expressions,3.,better off,a.,if you have more money,b.,if you are in more satisfactory circumstances,Examples:,a situation where those who do not work are,better off,than those who do,There are disturbed people in prison whod be,better off,in hospital.,Phrases and Expressions,4.,at this rate,means“if what is happening now continues to,happen for some time”,Examples:,Where has he got to?,At this rate,we will miss,the train.,At this rate,they will soon overtake other,countries.,Phrases and Expressions,5.,take complete hold of,to gain complete control or influence over sb.;,to have great power over sb.;to overpower sb.,Examples:,She felt a strange excitement,taking hold of,her.,The idea will never,take hold of,the voters.,Phrases and Expressions,Phrases and Expressions,6.,open up,a.,If a country or area opens up,or is opened up,it becomes easier to travel around it or sell things to it.,b.,to cause sth.to be available for development,production,etc.,c.,to create a new opportunity or possibility,Examples:,Cheaper air travel has,opened up,all kinds of,new holiday destinations.,to,open up,undeveloped land,new territory,etc.,When youve got a qualification like that,so,many career opportunities,opened up,.,Chinese,a.,使（国家，地区）,开放,b.,开发，生产,c.,提供新的机会、可,能性,Phrases and Expressions,7.,be cross with,(,infml.,)to be rather angry,Examples:,I,was cross with,him for being late.,Why,is,he so,cross with,you?,Chinese,生气,Phrases and Expressions,8.,fall over,a.,If sb.falls over,they fall to the ground.,b.,If sth.falls over,it falls onto the side.,c.,to fall over sth.:to tumble over,Examples:,He was walking along quite normally and then,suddenly,fell over,.,If you make the cake too high itll just,fall over,.,Be careful not to,fall over,the step on your way in.,Chinese,a.,跌倒,b.,从,上落下,c.,被,绊倒,9.,take for,to regard as,Examples:,Do not,take,our silence,for,approval.,I think they,took,me,for,Japanese.,Phrases and Expressions,10.,in the name of God,You follow a question with“in the name of,God”as a way of expressing surprise or,disbelief.,Example:,What,in the name of God,are you doing here?,Phrases and Expressions,11.,be chained to,to be bound to;to have your freedom restricted,because of a responsibility you can not escape,Examples:,Too many women nowadays,feel chained to,the,kitchen sink.,My brother,was chained to,my sick mother for,more than 30 years.,Phrases and Expressions,12.,be dotted with,to have things or people spread here and,there over a wide area,Examples:,The sky,was dotted with,stars.,The countryside,is dotted with,beautiful,ancient churches.,Phrases and Expressions,13.,rob sb.of sth.,to deprive sb.of sth.belonging to that person,by an unjust procedure,Examples:,Those cats,robbed me of my sleep,.,The fact that he had lied before,robbed his,words of any credibility,.,Phrases and Expressions,14.,carry a long way,(said of sound or smell)to go very far,Example:,Even in this stillness Leaphorn doubted if the,sound would,carry a long way,.,Phrases and Expressions,15.,a flash of sth.,a sudden,brief and intense display of sth.;,sudden show of wit,understanding,etc.,Examples:,The essays could do with,a flash of,wit or,humor.,a flash of,inspiration,intuition,etc.,Phrases and Expressions,II.Phrases and Expressions,16.,cross ones mind,(of thoughts,etc.)to come into ones mind;,to suddenly occur to one,Examples:,It never,crossed my mind,that she might lose.,It never,crossed my mind,that they would,turn the proposal down.,The end of Phrases and Expressions.,List:,I.,Compound,II.,Suffix-en,Word Building,Word Building,ivy-covered,adj.,noun,past participle,snow-covered,wind-blown,flood-stricken,weather-beaten,hen-pecked,dog-tired,student-centered,被雪覆盖的,被风吹的,受灾的,（因风吹日晒）粗糙的，受损的,怕老婆的，惧内的,极度疲乏的，累极了,以学生为中心的,Word Building,whiten,v.,suffix,-en:,to make or become,darken,fasten,heighten,lengthen,moisten,sharpen,strengthen,weaken,worsen,变黑暗,装牢；系紧,增高；增强,（使）变长,使湿润,（使）锐利；（使）敏锐,加强；（使）坚固,使弱；使稀薄,（使）恶化；（使）变坏,To be continued on the next page.,Word Building,woolen,adj.,suffix,-en:,made of;looking like,brazen,earthen,golden,leaden,wooden,黄铜制的；坚硬的,土制的；地球上的,金制的；金色的,铅制的；沉闷的,木制的；呆笨的,The end of Word Building.,Grammar,The Use of“As”,“as”is used,as proposition,e.g.They ate in silence,sleepy and yet on fire,with excitement,for it was the first day of,their first spring sowing,as man and wife,.,(Para.3),b.“as+,adj./adv.,/,n,.+as-clause/gerund phrase”,“as”being an adverb,the second a conjunction,e.g.Mary thought of,as many things as,there,are in life.(Para.3),To be continued on the next page.,Grammar,e.g.“is there anything in this world,as fine as,eating dinner out,in the open like this after,doing a good mornings work?”(Para.16),c.as conjunction introducing adverbial clauses,a time clause:,e.g.And somehow,as they embraced,all their,irritation and sleepiness left them.(Para.4),a clause of manner:,e.g.And there was a big red heap of fresh,seaweed lying in a corner by the fence to be,spread under the seeds,as they were laid,.,(Para.6),To be continued on the next page.,d.after“the same”,e.g.It was,the same as their breakfast,tea and,bread and butter.(Para.15),e.to introduce an object complement with certain,verbs,e.g.Then he looked at his wifes little round,black head and felt very proud of,having her,as his own,.(Para.18),f.to introduce a subject complement in the case of,the passive sentence/clause,e.g.“Self-interest”is to be understood first in the,ordinary sense,as referring to,a mans way,of earning his livelihood and acquiring wealth.,Grammar,To be continued on the next page.,g.as relative pronoun,e.g.Young people seemed oddly contented with,the world,as it was,.,In adult life,as,we have often observed,a,bitter quarrel may change a mans opinion,entirely.,f.in the idioms,e.g.In fact,a presidents primary commitment,abroad is not to democracy,as such,but to,the global“free market”.,Grammar,The end of Grammar.,