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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,本幻灯片资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，如有不当之处，请参考专业资料。谢谢,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,本幻灯片资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，如有不当之处，请参考专业资料。谢谢,Welcome to My Class in This Poetic Spring!,Cloze Test,完形填空的解题技巧,第1页,完形填空题是一个集知识和能力为一体，立意新、要求高综合性语言测试题。它是一个高难度障碍性阅读题，此题意在测试学生综合应用语言能力，同时又检测他们分析判断能力和连贯性思维能力。,（一）完形填空题题型特点,1.,首句完整,“完形填空”所选短文普通无标题，但首句通常不设空，目标是让考生快速进入主题，熟悉语言环境，建立正确思维导向。,2.,语境选择,近几年高考完形填空题主要考查考生对上下文了解，要求考生经过语境来作出选择。“语境能力型”试题含有相当难度，因为完形填空所给四个选项往往在语法方面都能成立，错误选项多半能够和空前、空后文字形成某种搭配，极具干扰和迷惑作用。做完形填空题，需要我们,立足语篇环境，树立全局观念,，瞻前顾后，连贯思维，从语境角度来选择答案。,第2页,比如：,(1)Japan is an island country and its _ go all over Japan.,(2)Japan is an island country and its_ go all over the Pacific looking for fish to catch.,(3)Japan is an island country and its _ go over the Pacific looking for the fish groups.,(4)Japan is an island country and its_ go on the Pacific looking for the missing people.,(5)Japan is an island country and its_ go all over Japan,sending people to and from work.,选择项：,A.fishing boats B.lifeboats,C.planes D.trains,A,B,C,D,A,C,B,D,例,(1),无语境限制，,A,B,C,D,皆可。,例,(2),只有,fishing boats,能够到太平洋打鱼，故选,A,。,例,(3),只有,planes,才能飞在太平洋上空寻找鱼群，选,C,。,例,(4),在太平洋上寻找失踪人员应是,lifeboats,选,B,。,例,(5).,接送人们上下班不会是,fishing boats,和,lifeboats,用,planes,也有 违常理，故选,D,。,第3页,3.,动名为主,完形填空所给选项普通是同一词类，或属同一范围。测试点往往集中于一些词类。高考完形填空题考查动词（,58,个）、名词（,46,个）、然后是形容词，副词等。而介词、连词、冠词等虚词则相对考得较少。这是因为现在完形填空主要考查语境，而在通常情况下只有实词才能很好地表达语境。,4.,难处暗示,难选之处前后多有暗示。这种,暗示多为后面暗示前面,，也就是说前面填空从当初情况来看，或是线索不清，或是语境不明，无法填出，但只要我们,继续往下读,，我们就会发觉此空在后面某个地方有暗示。,5.,选材适中,近几年来高考完型填空题材多为含有一定故事情节记叙文或含有一定哲理和教育意义，夹叙夹议，以叙为主议论文。词数在,200-300,之间。设空距离为,10,个词左右。短文内容结构严谨，逻辑性强，层次分明。,材料难度与高三教材相当,，所选短文英语语言符合高三学生实际水平。,第4页,(,二,),完型填空题解题步骤,1.,细读首句，预测主题,“完形填空”所选短文普通无标题，但首句通常不设空，目标是让考生快速进入主题，建立正确思维导向。同时也不可忽略尾句前后呼应作用。,2,.,通读全文，试选答案,依据全文大意，以全文为背景，把所给四个选项分别套入空格所在句子中试填，初步完形空格。试填选项时，一定要注意在语境了解上下功夫，要抓住上下文内容联络和逻辑关系。在阅读全文时，不要忽略连接词、代词、插入语、转折语等作用。因为这些词往往是改变语境关键词，含有因果、让步、递进、转折、指代、列举、承上启下特殊功效。,第5页,如：,but,yet,however,whereas,while,等表示转折或对比；,besides,moreover,what is more,等表示信息增加,;,so,so that,therefore,as a result,等表示推理结果。平时练习中要注意分辨这类词细微差异，这么才有利于确保选项准确性。要搞清空格处待填是什么词、起何作用，同时也要注意习惯表示法，语法知识等，从而筛选出符合文意选项。,4.,细读全文，推敲难题,有些空格在初步完形时就能够定局，可部分空格答案还不明朗。做到这一步，我们已能将短文中被挖去词“复位”了一些，对语境了解更清楚，更准确了。我们要充分利用这一有利条件，联络上下文意，依据常识，利用逻辑推理，结合语境和已选答案所提供信息，对候选项再次进行仔细推敲，缜密考虑，选出最正确答案。,若有些答案实在难以确定，可采取“排除法”，,首先排除在语法或内容上显著不符合要求答案，然后再比较、定夺。可按空格所在位置，从词语搭配、上下文意、习惯使用方法、词义辨析和语法结构等方面，耐心细致地逐项分析，以求对应。可先读所要填词句子，复读上一句，兼顾下一句，即“瞻前顾后”，确保答案准确无误,第6页,（三）完型填空题实用解题技巧,实用技巧一：寻找关键信息词来选择答案,在一篇文章中，有时就一个单句而言，极难确定适当答案，但若继续下去，就会发觉与问题相关信息词，这些词往往直接或间接地提出或暗示我们所寻找答案。,例,1,：,Norman Cousins was a businessman from the United States who often traveled around the world on business.He enjoyed his,_1_,and traveling.,1.A.time B.holiday C.sleep D.work,D,【,分析和说明,】,本题较难。误选,A,学生较多，很多学生认为他在国外旅游，所以认为他是玩得很愉快。选错主要原因是没认真审题，只重视单句意思，而没注意前句给出提醒。,【,解答,】,实际上在此句中，前面提到过,on business,，而不是指他是纯粹旅游，所以应该与,work,相关。正确答案为,D,。只有,D,项能够同时与,traveling,作,enjoyed,宾语。,第7页,接着读下文：,Then,after returning to the United States from a,_2_,trip to the Union of Soviet Socialist Republic(USSR),Mr.Cousins got sick.Because he had pushed his body to the limit of its strength on the trip,a change began to take place _,3_,him.The material between his bones became weak.,2.A.boring B.tiring C.dangerousD.pleasant,A.fromB.aroundC.insideD.beside,B,C,【,分析和说明,】,第,2,题：咋一看，,A,，,B,，,D,项都可选，假如第一句中学生认为是旅游玩得很愉快，那么选,D,项就更多。句中说在此之后，,Mr.Cousins got sick,病倒了,这是关键信息词。所以这是一个,tiring trip,；第,3,题：不认真看题，那么很轻易选,B,，认为是他身边发生事。跟第二题一样，读后句就知道，这里,a change,只能是他身体内部改变。因为文中提到,The material between his bones became,。所以做题时要首尾兼顾，抓住主要信息。,【,解答,】,第,2,，,3,题正确答案分别为,B,，,C,。,第8页,例,2,：,An old lion _ in its cave and pretended to be ill,when some animals came to visit it,the lion killed and ate them.,sleptB.lay C.lying D.felt sick,B,【,分析和说明,】,假如仅以“主语后面应该跟谓语动词”这一语法规则去分析，显然,A,，,B,和,D,都对。不过文中“,killed and ate them”,说明狮子并未睡觉，而是在捕食或者伺机捕杀前来探望动物，从而否定了,A,。经过“,pretended to be ill”,这一信息又证实了“狮子并未生病”这一事实，所以又否定了,D,。所以只有,B,为正确答案。,lay,虽表示“卧着”，却有“其大脑清醒”含义，暗求着狮子随时会突然跃起，扑向靠近它动物。,【,解答,】,答案为,B,。,第9页,实用技巧二：依据词固定搭配和句型来选择答案,英语语言结构包含着大量固定搭配、习惯用语以及各种句型结构等。词固定搭配，尤其是动词搭配题是完形填空测试重点。这种情况命题方式常见有两种：,一是将固定搭配中某个词删去，二是在原来搭配结构中插入较长文字结构，造成搭配关系涣散现象,。如：,A persons feeling depends,in a sense,according to Dr.Green,_the climate.,假如学生知道,according to Dr.Green,是插入语，,depend on,动词词组被有意拆开话，答案就非常轻易了。,例,1,：,It will not be _ the teachers and the students meet again.,A.before longB.far awayC.long before D.,some long,C,【,分析和说明,】“before long”,为固定搭配，很多学生认为这个答案是正确。但假如再仔细想想就会知道它是一个副词词组，在句中往往直接用作状语，而后不跟从句。所以做题时即使是固定搭配或短语，也不能死搬硬套，要详细情况详细分析。,【,解答,】,在“,long before”,句式中，,before,为连词，能够在后面跟句子，,long,在此句中是表时间一个说法。所以此句正确答案为,C,。,第10页,实用技巧三：用比较判断法来选择答案,有时，在一个段落中，前面空只凭借一个句子内容极难做出正确判断，不过在后面句子结构中也出现一样语言结构，这种语言现象便是我们要找比较信息部分。了解比较信息部分结构，能帮助我们找到前面对应结构中等立存在答案。,例,1,：,Pagoda Street is a street like many others not very _,1_,not very wide,_,2_,wide enough for two buses to pass.But it is a _,3_,street all the same,particularly during the rush hour.,1.A clearB.cleanC.far D.fresh,2.A.alsoB.evenC.and D.only,3.A.famous B.useful C.busy D.free,B,D,C,【,分析和说明,】,第,1,题：此句中说明了这个街跟许多其它街道一样，这说明了街道共同特征，不很“宽”当然也不是“很洁净”。而不是,A“,清楚”或是,C“,远”，这两个不能说明大多街道共性。第,2,题：依据上句中“,not very wide”,及下句中提醒“,wide enough for two buses to pass”,，说明街道较狭窄，“仅能让两辆车经过”。第,3,题：此空前,But,表转折，虽说街道不宽，但,。它是一个“繁忙”街道，且与下文,during the rush hour,相对应。,【,解答,】,依据文意，此,3,题答案分别为,B,，,D,，,C,。,第11页,例,2,：,The ancient Greek thinker Diogenes said that there was only one good,namely(,也就是,),knowledge;and only one,_1_,namely,_,2 _,.,1.A.better B.bestC.niceD.evil,2.A.ignoranceB.disbelief,C.lazinessD.death,D,A,【,分析和说明,】,第,1,题：文中,only one good,为信息词，,only,限制了,good,，形成了“绝对关系”，所以后面部分不会再出现,good,同义词或近义词，那么空,1,应选择与,good,相反词。,A,，,B,，,C,项都是表达好方面词，只有,D,项符合，,evil,意思为“邪恶”，即使你不知道这个词含义也可用排除法选出正确答案。第,2,题：跟在提出例证转折词,namely,后面词，其作用是说明前面名词，既然,good,是,knowledge,那么与之相对应,evil,后词应是与,knowledge,相对应反义词,ignorance,（无知）。而,disbelief,为“不相信”，,laziness,为“懒惰”，,death,为“死亡”，都与原义不符。对比法在完形填空中往往是一个主要解题方法，扩展词汇面，找出反义词，应用对比关系然后再排除是关键。,【,解答,】,依据以上分析，这两题答案分别为,D,，,A,。,第12页,除了能够从相同结构中比较外，还能够利用其它转折词功效进行比较，常见转折词有：,though,（即使）,at the same time,（往往比较两个不一样动作）,even so,（尽管如此）,instead,（另外）,on the contrary,（恰恰相反）,on the other hand,（另首先）,similarly,（一样）,but,however,（然而）等。在做完型填空时，利用这些词或词组提醒，我们能够判断它们与后面词、句子关系，这种关系或许是趋于向其它方面转化，或许是与所描述概念恰好相反。如：,A horse and a donkey,each bearing a burden,were being led by their master.The donkey asked the horse to take part of its burden,for it was very tired;_ the horse refused.,A.butB.thenC.andD.so,A,句中分号前所提供信息是,the donkey asked for help,而分号后句子说,the horse refused,。这说明这两个句子意思是相反，存在转折关系，所以此空应选,A,。,第13页,实用技巧四：经过上下文语境来选择答案,该项目标设计主要是考查考生综合分析能力。测试内容包含篇章结构和推理判断能力，这些答案选择，起关键作用是上下文关系，也就是说，,对短文整体了解,是非常主要，这种考查项目标设计所占百分比较大，且难度也大。考生,必须跨越句子层次和段落层次才能选出正确答案来,。,第14页,推测文章主旨,并把句子补充完整。,（1）If you think you are sick,you are,_,no matter what anyone else says.On the other hand,if you believe in your_,and if he tells that you are going to feel better,you probably will.The effect of the mind on the body _ and sometimes can be powerful.It exists _ one is aware of it or not.,Topic:Mind has an effect on the patients,sick,doctor,exists,whether,_,_,_,_,第15页,英语完形填空之解题基本技巧,1.,从,上下文关键词,着手；,2.,从,上下文逻辑,着手；,3.,从,固定搭配,着手；,4.,从,词义辨析,着手；,5.,从,生活常识,着手；,6.,从,语法知识,着手。,第16页,1.,从,上下文关键词,着手,充分利用文章上下文和前后句，找到对选择有提醒作用词或句，,结合语境,答题。,Mrs.Black would ask me for my _.She wanted to know how I thought we should _things.At first I had no idea how to answer because I know_ about stage design!,2.A.opinion B.impression C.information,D.intention,4.A.anything B.something C.nothing D.everything,2,handle,3,第17页,2)Some parts of the water are very shallow.,But in some places it is very,.,A.deep B.high C.cold D.warm,3)Mrs ONeill asked,questions and she didnt scold us either.,A.no B.certain C.many D.more,shallow,But,and,either,didnt,4)The words,so small,didnt seem _ enough to hold my new life.,A.good B.simple C.big D.proper,small,nt,enough,第18页,2.,从,上下文逻辑,着手,1)It has been many years since I was last in London,I still remember something that happened during that visit.,A.and B.for C.but D.as,2)If he did not know them,he would greet,them with a few words about the weather,_ he did,he would ask about their family,and then B.and so,C.even if D but if,这类题主要考查考生对上下文逻辑关系了解，如,转折、让步、因果、递进关系等，并,结合语境,选答案。,If he did,he would,he did,he would,still,第19页,2.,从,上下文逻辑,着手,3)They were clearly long-standing customers,and I _ they must have stayed faithful to him _ he had promised to sell good quality fruit.-he called every woman“madam”for a start,_ those who clearly were not,but-,6.A.wish B.insist C.declare D.suppose,7.A.when B.if C.because D.though,10.A.yet B.only C.just D.even,这类题主要考查考生对上下文逻辑关系了解，如,转折、让步、因果、递进关系等，并,结合语境,选答案。,7,6,10,stayed faithful to,him,every woman,those,第20页,3.,从,固定搭配,着手,注意固定搭配，包含动词与介词搭配、动词与名词搭配以及形容词与名词搭配等，同时,结合语境,选择正确短语。,1)One evening in early April,my mother told me to fill in at the snack bar,1,a worker who had the flu.-and Im no good,5,money.,1.A.to B.for C.after D.over,5.A.of B.on C.about D.with,2)Lucys classmates always took _ to praise her.,A.pains B.time C.efforts D.measures,fill in for,代替,make efforts to do,take pains to do,努力做,be good with sth,擅于处理,-,与,-,关系好,第21页,4)Heres a fellow who just walked into a bank and helped himself,so much money.A.for B.by C.to D.of,5)It was 4 oclock when the front doorbell rang.Mrs Clark was _ tea at the time.,cooking B.making,C.burning D.serving,3.,从,固定搭配,着手,注意固定搭配，包含动词与介词搭配、动词与名词搭配以及形容词与名词搭配等，同时,结合语境,选择正确短语。,泡茶,解析：,help oneself to,是固定搭配，表示“自取，随便拿”，符合语境。,第22页,6,),The happiest people dont necessarily have the best of everything;they just _ the best of everything they have.,A.learn B.make C.favor D.try,5,),I have to work late tonight.I doubt if Ill be able to _ it on time.,A.reach B.keep C.take D.make,3.,从,固定搭配,着手,注意固定搭配，包含动词与介词搭配、动词与名词搭配以及形容词与名词搭配等，同时,结合语境,选择正确短语。,make it 做成某事,make the best of,充分利用，好好珍惜,第23页,4.,从,词义辨析,着手,注意四个选项差异，,结合语境,确定答案。,1)With her slow and clumsy reactions,she would surely _ her team.,hold on B.hold out,C.hold over D.hold up,2)My _ raced back more than thirty years to the dark days of 1941.,A.minds B.memories,C.thoughts D.brains,坚持；不挂断,伸出,拖延,妨碍,slow and clumsy reactions,raced back,头脑；智力,记忆,思想；想法,大脑；头脑,第24页,4.,从,词义辨析,着手,注意四个选项差异，,结合语境,确定答案。,3),Soon I heard a,like that of a door,burst in.,A.sound B.cry C.voice D.shout,4)Give me a hand,he shouted_ he got near the boat.,A.while B.till C.for D.as,声音,哭，大叫,嗓音,叫，喊,一边,-,一边,第25页,5.,从,生活常识,着手,了解生活常识，,结合语境,，确定相关答案。,I _ the balloon to the wall.,A.placed B.tied,C.laid D.contributed,B,第26页,2),(Immediately)the officers jumped into their cars and rushed to the_ hospital.,A.animal B.biggest C.plant D.nearest,5.,从,生活常识,着手,了解生活常识，,结合语境,，确定相关答案。,在这么紧急情况下，人们第一个反应是到最近医院就医，所以答案为,D,。,3,）,The rail will expand,（膨胀）,when it gets _.,A.wet B.cold C.hot D.dry,利用“热胀冷缩”原理，应选,C,。,Immediately,jumped,rushed,第27页,6.,从,语法知识,着手,了解不一样寻常语法结构，,结合语境,，选出唯一答案。,She was French-perhaps from that place _ he usually spent his holidays.,A.where B.when C.which D.how,2)The instructor then _ that we find ways to make apologize to people.,A.expected B.suggested,C.told D.said,第28页,3)I realized that_ I had done that,I would have lost a new friend.,A.before B.if C.while D.as,6.,从,语法知识,着手,4)As my father,_worked three jobs,once told me,A.he B.that C.who D.whoever,了解不一样寻常语法结构，,结合语境,，选出唯一答案。,第29页,Summary,完形填空高分技巧,1,研读首尾,抓主题,普通来说,很多文章会按照“,总,分,总,”思绪来写。首先提出主题,接着对主题进行分析、叙述,最终进行归纳、总结,得出结论或提出提议。所以,普通依据文章,首句及尾句,就能抓住文章主题。,2.,左顾右盼,找搭配,3.,思前想后,觅逻辑,语境分析,辨词义,集中精力,破难题,回读检验,补漏洞,Practice makes prefect!,第30页,一显身手,第31页,Born in America,I spoke English,not Chinese,the language of my ancestors.When I was three,my parents flashed cards with Chinese,36,at my face,but I pushed them,37,.My mom believed I would learn,38,I was ready.But the,39,never came.,36.A.custom B.games,C.characters D.language,37.A.ahead B.around,C.along D.aside,38.A.when B.before,C.unless D.until,39.A.success B.study,C.time D.attempt,第32页,On a Chinese New Years Eve,my uncle spoke to me in Chinese,but all I could do was,40,at him,confused,scratching my head.“Still cant speak Chinese?”He,41,me,“You cant even buy a fish in Chinatown.”,40.A.aim,B.joke,C.nod,D.stare,41.A.cared about,B.laughed at,C.argued with,D.asked after,第33页,“Hey,this is America,not China.Ill get some,42,with or without Chinese.”I replied and turned to my mom for,43,.,“Remember to ask for fresh fish,Xin Xian Yu,”she said,handing over a$20 bill.I,44,the words,running downstairs into the streets of Chinatown.,42.A.right now,B.from now,C.at times,D.in time,43.A.decision,B.permission,C.information,D.preparation,44.A.repeated,B.reviewed,C.spelled,D.kept,第34页,I found the fish,45,surrounded in a sea of customers.“Id like to buy some fresh fish,”I shouted to the fishman.But he,46,my English words and turned to serve the next customer.The laugh of the people behind increased,47,their impatience.,45.A.farm,B.stand,C.pond,D.market,46.A.guessed,B.forget,C.doubted,D.ignored,47.A.by B.as,C.with D.from,as+,句子；,with+,短语,第35页,With every,48,the breath of the dragons(,龙,)on my back grew strongermy blood boiling,49,me to cry out.“,Xian Sheng Yu,please.”“,Very Xian Sheng,”I repeated.The crowd burst into laughter.,48.A.second,B.effort,C.desire,D.movement,49.A.forcing,B.allowing,C.persuading,D.leading,秒,努力,欲望,动作,伴随每一,迫使,允许,说服,引导,第36页,My face turned,50,and I ran back home,51,except for the$20 bill I held tightly in my pocket.,Should I laugh or cry?Theyre Chinese.I should feel right at,52,.Instead,I was the joke.,50.A.bright,B.blank,C.pale,D.red,51.A.open-mouthed,B.tongue-tied,C.empty-handed,D.broken-hearted,52.A.service,B.home,C.risk,D.root,The crowd erupted into laughter.,张着嘴,结巴,空手,心碎,feel at home,感到自在,第37页,Sometimes,I laugh at my fish,53,but,in the end,the joke is on,54,.Every laugh is a culture,55,;every laugh is my heritage(,传统,)fading away.,53.A.trade,B.deed,C.challenge,D.incident,54.A.it,B.us,C.me,D.them,55.A.thrown,B.lost,C.divided,D.reflected,贸易,功劳,挑战,事件,全文讲述发生,在我身上事,褪去,第38页,Whats the main idea of this article?,Whats the underlying(,深度,)meaning of this article?,Questions:,第39页,能力升华,第40页,Methods,上下文语境,（,context),常识背景,（,common sense,）,习惯搭配,（,phrases&idioms,）,词义辨析,（,comparison,）,语法分析,（,grammar analysis),逻辑分析,(logical analysis),解题技巧,第41页,1.,上下文语境法,1.Many Africans are very(,)and so they,cant,afford to eat much meat,.,A healthy B.poor C.rich D.weak,2.,Many old people dont have good(,).They,cant watch,TV,but they can listen to the music.,A.hearing B.health C.eyesight D.time,3.,1,.Travelling west,you set your clock,（）,Traveling east,you,set it ahead,.,A.back B.forward C.ahead D.behind,第42页,利用上下文语境解题,例,2,(06,全国,I)On a,hot,summer day in late August,I sought,shade,and a,cool drink,at a waterfront caf on a Greek island.Over a hundred degrees in,36,air.Crowded.Temper of both the tourists and waiters had,risen to meet the situation.,36.A.fresh,B.cool,C.still,D.thin,例,1,（,08,全国,I,）,After the birth of my second child,I got a job at a,restaurant,.Having,worked with an experienced,36,for a few days,I was,37,to,wait tables,on my own,.36.A.manager B.assistant C.cook D.waitress,37A.promised B.invited C.allowed D.advised,第43页,1),In the summer vacation of 1997,I was fixed with a job.I worked as a(n)()at Mr.Breens,fr
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