轮机英语考证模拟题.doc

第一篇 轮机英语考证模拟题
Unit 1 Main Propulsion Plant (主推进装置）
Lesson 1 Ships and Machinery ships (船舶和机械)
1. The auxiliary engine and a. c. generator can be connected with____
A, cam B. crosshead C. bulge D. coupling
注：副机和发电机用联轴节连接，故选D。
2. The term medium speed diesel engine is currently taken to mean an engine with an operat-
ing rotational speed of rpm.
A. below 300 B. above 1200
C. between 300 to 1200 D. below 1200
注：术语"中速机"是指运行速度介于300-1200 rpm之间的发动机。（也有说法为300 -1000 rpm),只能选C，故选C。
3. The rotating range of the low speed diesel engine is usually lower than .
A. 100 rpm B. 200 rpm C. 300 rpm D. 500 rpm
注：术语"低速机"是指运行速度小于300rpm的发动机，故选C。
4. Among the main propulsion units on board the ship with the same capacity ， the lightest one
is .
A. steam engine B. steam turbine C. gas turbine D. diesel engine
注：船舶使用的各种类型的主推进装置中，如果产生的功率相同，装置重量最轻的是燃气轮机。（比功率大是燃气轮机的优点，同样功率，内燃机中重量最轻，体积也最小。)故选c。
5. Concerning diesel propelled vessels, the astern power is to provide for continuous operation
astem .
A. equal to that available for ahead operation
B. at 70 percent of the ahead rpm at rated speed
C. while underway and under all normal conditions
D. at 70 percent of the ahead rpm of average continuous sea speed
注：柴油机驱动的船舶，倒车转速一般是正车额定转速的70% -80%,故选B。
6. A diesel engine is operating at 1800 rpm and driving a propeller at 600 rpm. What is the speed reduction ratio?
A. 0. 30 to 1 B. 3. 00 to 1 C. 3. 33 to 1 D. 33. 0 to 1
注：减速齿轮箱的减速比=曲轴转速/螺旋桨转速=1800/600 =3，故选B。
7. Engine displacement is equal to the cylinder .
A. area times the stroke
B. area times the stroke ， times the number of cylinders
C. volume times the stroke
D. volume times the stroke ， times the number of cylinders 注：发动机的排量=气缸面积x活塞冲程x气缸数目，选B。
8. In using reduction gears to obtain efficient propeller speeds ， .
A. they must be located at the after end of the engine
B. they can only be used with one engine at a time
C. they eliminate the need for controllable pitch propellers
D. they are connected to the engine with a flexible coupling 注：减速齿轮与发动机采用柔性联轴节连接，选D。
9. Maximum horsepower of a diesel engine is attained .
A. when the engine rpm is pulled down by overload
B. at rated engine rpm
C. at 95 % of rated engine rpm
D. at 95 % of a properly adjusted governor rpm with the engine under full load
注：柴油机的最大功率是在其额定转速时产生的，故选B。
10. * The term "moderate speed" was previously interpreted as meaning a speed which would
enable a vessel within half the range of visibility.
A. stopping B. being stopped C. to stop D. to be stopped
注：术语"中等速度"以前被解释为能使船舶在视野的一半距离内被停住的速度。根据
题意船舶被停住要使用被动语态，enable后面要跟动词不定式，故选D。
11. can be found on most medium to large merchant vessels even if the main engine IB
either a steam turbine or 2-stroke crosshead engine.
A. The medium speed 4-stroke trunk piston engine
B. The low speed 2-stroke crosshead engine
C. The medium speed 2-stroke crosshead engine
D. The low speed 4-stroke trunk piston engine
注：即使主机是汽轮机，或者是二冲程十字头柴油机，在中到大型的商船上也有采用中
速的四冲程筒状柴油机。B中的二冲程机题目中已有，C中的中速二冲程机和D中的低速四冲程机都不对，只有A的中速四冲程机符合题意，故选A。
12. allows the engine to be placed wherever is most suitable, as they no longer have to
be aligned with reduction gearing and shafting as is the case with conventional installations.
A. Diesel engine propulsion B. Diesel electric propulsion
C. Steam engine propulsion D. Gas turbine propulsion
注：柴油电力推进可以使主机布置在最合适的位置，而不用像传统的推进装置要求与减速齿轮和轴系对中，根据题意选B。 Diesel electric propulsion指柴油电力推进。
13. Medium speed engines have a power to weight ratio than the slow speed two strokes,
but due to the higher speeds tend to have maintenance intervals.
A. higher; reduced B. higher； increased
C, lower ； reduced D. lower ； increased
注：中速机比低速二冲程机的功率重量大，但由于速度高，检修周期较短，故选A。
14. The diesel engine is similar to the gasoline engine in that .
A. both of them are ignited by compressed air
B. both of them are the forms of external combustion engines
C. both of them have spark plugs
D. the power is developed by the piston in the cylinder
注：柴油机类似汽油机在于功率都是由气缸里的活塞产生的，故选D。
15. The reason why more and more of the large merchant vessels are being powered by medium-
speed diesel engines is .
A. they operate between 150 and 450 rpm
B. they are connected to the propeller by gearing
C. their smaller size and weight
D. they can be connected directly to the propeller without gearing
注：越来越多的大型商船以中速柴油机为动力的原因是它们的尺寸小、重量轻，故选c。
16. Gas turbines differ from steam turbines in that .
A. steam rather than gas is used to turn a shaft
B. vapor rather than gas is used to turn a shaft
C. the former uses gas to turn a shaft
D. the latter uses gas to turn a shaft
注：燃气轮机区别于汽轮机在于前者使用燃气去使轴转动，故选C。
17. A diesel engine which is rated for normal operation at a crankshaft speed of 800 rpm, is
commonly classed as a .
A. slow-speed diesel B. medium-speed diesel
D. high-speed diesel D. constant-speed diesel
注：曲轴转速800转/分以额定功率正常运行的柴油机称为中速柴油机，故选B。
18. is an opening for supplying seawater to condensers, pumps, etc. located in the hull
below the waterline and having means for the attachment of associated piping.
A. Sea chest B. Scupper C. Scuttle D. Sea port
注：海底门是向冷凝器、泵等供应海水的进口，位于水线下方的船壳处，可用于连接相应的管路，故选A。 scupper排水口， scuttle天窗。
19. A ship designed for carrying goods requiring refrigeration is called .
A. reefer B. ro/ro ship C. container D. tanker
注：设计用于运输冷藏物品的船舶是冷藏船，选A.Ro/Ro ship滚装船。
20. The depth of the ship below waterline measured vertically to the lowest part of the hull is
called .
A. trim B. lean C. draft D. tonnage
注：船舶水线以下垂直到船壳最低点的深度称为吃水线，故选c。
21. Which of the terms listed below represents the operational speed at which excessive engine vibration is created?
A. Non-harmonic speed. B. Critical speed.
C. Maximum speed. D. Design maximum speed.
注：临界速度代表发动机过度振动产生的运转速度，故选B。
22. Which of the devices listed is installed on a diesel engine to isolate some of the crankshaft vibrations caused by rotational and reciprocating forces?
A. Planetary gear set B. Torsional vibration damper .
C. Friction clutch. D. Air bladder clutch.
注：装在柴油机的振减振器用来隔离由回转和往复作用力所产生的部分曲轴振动，选B。Planetary gear行星轮。
23. diesel engine electric starting motors generally require heavier duty motors and operate at
higher voltages than comparable starting motors for gasoline engines due to____
A. higher speed required B. flywheel-effect
C. lower starting temperatures D. higher compression pressures
注：因为要更高的压縮压力，柴油机电起动马达与类似的汽油机的起动马达相比，要有
更大的功率和更高的电压，故选D。
24. Some medium and high-speed diesel engines require reduction gear units to provide a useful
propeller speed. In most reduction gears ， the bull gear .___
A. must churn the oil in the sump
B. is connected to the propeller shaft
C. is driven at the highest rpm
D. compensates for alignment variations between the engine and pinion gear
注：中高速柴油机需要减速装置来提供一个可用（有效）的螺旋桨转速。大多数减速装
置，大齿轮与螺旋桨轴连在一起，故选B。 bull gear大齿轮。
25. When used with reversing reduction gears, medium-speed diesel engines should be bolted
to their foundations with fitted bolts at the drive end and clearance (loosely fitted) bolts in
other locations . This is done to .
A. maintain alignment when the ship's hull is working in heavy seas
B. ensure engine vibrations correspond to the natural frequency of the hull
C. permit the engine to expand away from the driven equipment as the engine heats up and expands
D. maintain engine thrust bearing clearances
注：当与倒车减速装置一起使用时，中速柴油机应该在传动端用装配螺栓与底座连在一起，而在其它地方则用间隙螺栓固定，这样可使柴油机热膨胀时留有膨胀余地，故选C
26. When transmitted by a reduction gear, diesel engine speed is reduced and the torque available for work .
A. remains the same B. is reduced C. is increased D. is eliminated
注：通过减速装置，柴油机速度降低，扭矩增加，故选c。
27. Which of the following statements is correct concerning available astern power for diesel main propulsion systems?
A. Astern power is to be provided in a sufficient amount to secure proper control of the ship in all normal circumstances.
B. The astern power of the main propelling machinery is to provide for continuous operation astern at 60% of the ahead rpm at rated speed.
C. For main propulsion systems without reversing gears ， controllable pitch propellers or electric propulsion drive, running astern is not to lead to overload conditions.
D. Astern power available will be equal to ahead power when controllable pitch propellers are utilized, thus discounting the need for increased operating parameters.
注：倒车功率必须能提供足够的功率确保在各种正常情况下能够对船舶进行适当的控制，故选A。
28. When two medium speed diesel engines coupled in parallel to a common propeller shaft that operates at the same speed as the engines ， which of the operating conditions listed will apply?
A. Full horsepower is available ahead and astern.
B. One engine must be running ahead and the other astern.
C. Full reversing torque is not available.
D. Mechanical reduction gearing is required.
注：当两台中速柴油机并排连接到同速运转的普通螺旋桨轴上，需要机械减速装置，故
选D。
29. The abbreviation "M/E" is used to represent the .
A. measure equipment B. main electrical
C. my engine D. main engine
注：M/E是主机的缩写，故选D。
30. ___ are increasingly used as main engine on merchant vessels ， because they have a high Hp/Weight ratio.
A. Slow speed diesel engines B. Medium-speed diesel engines
C. Steam engines D. Gasoline engines
注：中速柴油机越来越多地被用于商船，因为它们的功率/重量大，故选B。
31. Propulsion of the vast majority of contemporary merchant ships ( especially containerships
and VLCCs) utilizes as prime mover.
A. gas turbine B. diesel engine
C. steam engine D. gasoline engine
注：当前多数商船的动力装置尤其是集装箱船和超大型船使用柴油机作为原动力，故选B。
32. Typical marine propulsion plants include --- directly coupled to the vessel's single large-
diameter, fixed-pitch propeller.
A. a single, long-stroke, slow-speed, turbocharged, two-stroke diesel engine
B. a single, long-stroke, medium-speed, turbocharged, four-stroke diesel engine
C. two medium-speed ， turbocharged ， four-stroke diesel engines
D. a variable-speed a. c. generator
注：典型的船用动力装置包括单台低速、长冲程、涡轮增压二冲程柴油机，故选B。
33. With the engine need not to be aligned with reduction gears or propeller shaft.
A. Diesel engine propulsion B. Diesel electric propulsion.
C. Steam engine propulsion D. Gas turbine propulsion
注：采用柴油电力推进装置，柴油机不需要与减速装置或螺旋桨轴对中，故选B。
34. Diesel engines instead of steam engines were used as main engine on board ships is mainly
because___
A. they have a high mechanical efficiency B. they have a high thermal efficiency
C. they are more reliable D. they have a large volume
注：柴油机替代汽轮机用作船舶的主机主要是因为它们有高的热效率，故选B。
35. When a ship in loaded condition floats at arbitrary water line, its displacement is___ to
the relevant mass of water displaced by the ship.
A. equal B. larger C. smaller D. equivalent
注：当一条载有货物的船在任何吃水线时，她的排水量等于载货船舶的总重量，故选A。
36. The displacement of a ship is to the total weight ， all told ， of the relevant loaded ship.
A. larger B. equal C. smaller D. equivalent
注：船舶的排水量等于人们所说的载货船舶的总重量，故选B。
37. Which one is not true?
A. Two main areas of skill are involved in the construction of ship.
B. There are distinct divisions in responsibilities between naval architects and marine engineers.
C. Each ship will assume varying proportions according to its type.
D. Ships can be divided into different categories from different perspectives.
注：造船工程师和轮机员在职责上有明确的区别，故选B。
38. Why a gearbox is needed in a ship driven by a medium-speed diesel engine?
A. To reduce the main engine speed. B. To increase the main engine speed.
C. To govern the main engine speed. D. To fix the propeller shaft.
注：中速柴油机的齿轮箱是用来固定螺旋桨轴的，故选D。
39. A propeller, in order to operate efficiently, must rotate at a relatively speed.
A. high B. low C, fast D. lowly
注：螺旋楽旋转时低速才高效，故选B。
Lesson 2 How Does a Marine Diesel Engine Work (船用柴油机是如何工作的）
40. arrangements have low temperature air and high temperature exhaust gas passing
through adjacent ports ， causing temperature differential problems for the liner material.
A. Loop scavenge B. Cross scavenge C. Uniflow scavenge D. Supercharge 注：回流扫气布置有低温的进气和高温的排气通过邻近的气口，会对缸套材料产生温差问题。Loop scavenge (回流扫气)Cross scavenge (横流扫气)Uniflow scavenge (直流扫气）Supercharge (增压）。按题意，选A。
41. scavenge means both exhaust ports and scavenge ports are arranged to the same side.
A. Uniflow B. Cross C. Loop D. Straight
注：回流扫气意思是扫气口和排气口都布置在同一侧，故选c。
42. tappet clearance will cause the exhaust valve to open early and close late in cycle
and will increase its maximum lift.
A. Excessive B. Insufficient C. Correct D. None of the above
注：排气阀挺杆间隙过小将引起其在循环中早开迟关并增加其升程（A是间隙过大，C是间隙适当），故选B。 tappet clearance挺杆间隙。
43. tappet clearance will cause the exhaust valve to open late and close early in cycle and will reduce its maximum lift.
A. Correct B. Insufficient C. Excessive D. None of the above
注：排气阀挺杆间隙过大将引起其在循环中迟开早关并减少其升程，（与上题比较）故 选C.
44. ____ the cylinder will contain a great weight of air and will be capable of burning a great quantity of fuel.
A. At the end beginning of the compression stroke
B. At the beginning of the suction stroke
C. At the end of the working stroke
D. At the end of the exhaust stroke
注：在压缩行程初，气缸内将容纳了大量的空气，并能燃烧大量的燃油，选A。
45. ____ the supercharge pressure is, ____ power an engine develops.
A. The higher ； the more B. Higher ； more
C. Higher ； little D. The higher ； the less
注：增压压力越大，柴油机输出功率越大，故选A。
46. usually helps to induce air movement to assist combustion.
A. Cylinder cover B, Main bearing
C. The exhaust valve D. The piston movement
注：活塞的运动有助于空气在气缸中流动，以利燃烧，故选D。
47. A charge of fresh air is drawn into the engine cylinder and then by the moving piston
very high pressure.
A. pressed ； to B. pressurized ； with C. pushed ； in D. compressed ； to
注：新鲜空气被吸入到发动机气缸内，然后被运动的活塞压缩到很高的压力，故选D。
48. A diesel engine is similar to a gasoline engine except that the former has no__. .
A. cross-head B. cylinder C. connecting rod D. spark plug
注：柴油机与汽油机类似，但是无火花塞，故选D。 except that除去……一点之外。
49. A low speed engine requires reduction gearbox _____ it and propeller.
A. none ； both B. no ； both C. none ； between D. no ； between
注：低速发动机用作主推进装置时，不需要减速齿轮箱（介于发动机和螺旋桨之间）， 选D。
50. A reduction in load on a diesel engine results in of speed of the crankshaft
A. a reduction B. an increase C. an outing D. a downwards
注：柴油机负荷减少会导致曲轴转速上升，选B。
51. An increase in load on a diesel engine results in of speed of the crankshaft.
A. a reduction B. an increase C, an outing D. a downwards
注：发动机负荷增加会导致曲轴转速下降，选A。
52. An indicator diagram is a pressure-volume graph taken from the pressure in the___ of a
working engine.
A. cran B. fuel pump C. scavenge trunk D. cylinder
注：示功图可以用来表达发动机工作时某个缸内压力与体积的关系，选D。
53. As a heat engine ， energy is the source of power by which the diesel engine can be
operated.
A. electric B. heat C. mechanical D. exhaust
注：柴油机作为热机，热能是其功率的来源，故选B。
54. At least cylinders in a two-stroke engine will be configured to ensure that the engine
can be started with the crankshaft at whatever position.
A. 6 B. 12 C.4 D. 8
注：二冲程柴油机要能正常工作至少需要4个气缸，故选C。
55. At least cylinders in four-stroke engine will be con