资源描述
The music of the United States reflects the country's multi-ethnic population through a diverse array of styles. After Japan, the United States has the world's second largest music market with a total retail value of 3,635.2 million dollars in 2010 and its music is heard around the world. Since the beginning of the 20th century, some forms of American popular music have gained a near global audience
美国音乐反映了该国的多种族人口通过多种多样的样式。该国最国际知名流派之间是嘻哈、蓝调、国家、节奏蓝调、爵士乐、理发店、流行、技术和摇滚乐。仅次于日本,美国已与零售业总销货值 36 亿 3520 万美元的世界第二大音乐市场在 2010年[1]和它的音乐响彻世界各地。20 世纪以来,一些美国流行音乐的形式获得了近全球观众。
There are some usual music styles in american ,i will introduce some music styles for you.
First Country music is primarily a fusion of African American blues and spirituals with Appalachian folk music, adapted for pop audiences and popularized beginning in the 1920s. The origins of country are in rural Southern folk music, which was primarily Irish and British, with African and continental European musics.[60] Anglo-Celtic tunes, dance music, and balladry were the earliest predecessors of modern country, then known as hillbilly music.Early hillbilly also borrowed elements of the blues and drew upon more aspects of 19th-century pop songs as hillbilly music evolved into a commercial genre eventually known as country and western and then simply country.[61]乡村音乐是主要融合的非洲裔美国布鲁斯和阿巴拉契亚的民间音乐、 灵歌改编为流行的观众和推广在上世纪 20 年代初。在农村南部民间音乐,主要是爱尔兰和英国,与非洲和非洲大陆的欧洲音乐起源的国家。英美资源集团凯尔特曲调,现代化的国家,当时称为乡下人音乐的最早祖先是舞蹈音乐和曲艺。早期乡下人也借来的蓝调的元素和借鉴更多方面的 19 世纪作为乡下人音乐流行歌曲演变成一个商业类型的最终称为西部乡村
Country music is about tradition, yet its simple form lends itself to endless variations on similar themes. Like blues -- the two genres often shared themes, melodies and songs -- country is a simple music at its core. Most of its songs are built around three chords and a plain melody, but these forms are so basic, they allow for many different styles, from the gritty sounds of honky tonk to the jazzy improvisations of Western Swing. Country music grew out of American Southern folk music, both Appalachian and blues, and old-time country was simple and folky, with just guitars and fiddles. As the genre progressed, old time music evolved into the rhythmic guitar-and-fiddle driven traditional country that became the foundation of modern country music, from honky tonk and Western Swing to the pop-oriented Countrypolitan and rock-inflected Bakersfield Sound.
乡村音乐(Country music)是一种当代的流行音乐,起源于美国南部与阿帕拉契山区。乡村音乐的根源可追溯至1920年代,融合了传统民谣音乐、凯尔特音乐、福音音乐及古时音乐。乡村音乐的曲调,一般都很流畅、动听,曲式结构也比较简单。多为歌谣体、二部曲式或三部曲式。
特点中的特点
然而,与音乐本身同样重要的是音乐所包含的内容,而在这一点上,乡村音乐与流行乐、摇滚、说唱乐以及其他流派非常不一样。乡村音乐一般有八大主题:一、爱情;二、失恋;三、牛仔幽默;四、找乐;五、乡村生活方式;六、地区的骄傲;七、家庭;八、上帝与国家。前两个主题绝不是乡村音乐所独有的,但是后六大主题则把乡村音乐与其他的美国流行音乐流派区分开来。简而言之,乡村的人们有他们自己的幽默感;喜欢牛仔风格的疯玩;以一种与城市人很不同的方式生活;以自己所在的乡镇、州、地区为荣;极为重视家庭;不羞于表达宗教情感与爱国情感。这些主题使乡村音乐有别于诸如小甜甜与N-Sync的音乐。
乡村音乐所包含的内容往往最吸引美国南部与西部乡村的白人。作为群体,乡村音乐的听众往往是农民和蓝领,他们通常比美国平均水平穷点儿,在政治与社会问题上也更保守一点。
Country 乡村
· Alt-Country 另类乡村音乐
· Americana 美式乡村
· Bluegrass 兰草音乐
· Country-Folk 乡村-民谣
· Country-Pop 乡村流行
· Cowboy 牛仔
· Honky Tonk 小酒馆乡村乐
· Western Swing 西部摇摆
Taylor Swift
She began performing locally around her town and county at the age of ten, and at age 11 sang the national anthem before a Philadelphia 76ers game. By the time she was 12, she had picked up the guitar and began practicing four hours each day, until her fingers started to bleed
泰勒·斯威夫特(Taylor Swift),美国乡村音乐女创作歌手,会用木吉他、钢琴演奏。她在2006年与独立唱片公司Big Machine签约。曾获得美国乡村音乐协会奖年度最佳专辑奖、格莱美年度专辑奖等荣誉。
Second rock&roll
Rock & Roll is often used as a generic term, but its sound is rarely predictable. From the outset, when the early rockers merged country and blues, rock has been defined by its energy, rebellion and catchy hooks, but as the genre aged, it began to shed those very characteristics, placing equal emphasis on craftmanship and pushing the boundaries of the music. As a result, everything from Chuck Berry's pounding, three-chord rockers and the sweet harmonies of the Beatles to the jarring, atonal white noise of Sonic Youth has been categorized as "rock." That's accurate -- rock & roll had a specific sound and image for only a handful of years. For most of its life, rock has been fragmented, spinning off new styles and variations every few years, from Brill Building Pop and heavy metal to dance-pop and grunge. And that's only natural for a genre that began its life as a fusion of styles.
a genre of popular music that entered the mainstream in the 1960s. It has its roots in 1940s and 1950s rock and roll, rhythm and blues, country music and also drew on folk music, jazz and classical music
摇滚中发展出来的国家、 蓝调、 和 R & B.岩石的确切起源和早期影响已经过激烈的辩论,和很多奖学金的主题。虽然正视在蓝军的传统,岩了来自非洲裔加勒比和拉丁美洲音乐技术的元素。[101]岩石是城市的风格,在各种不同人群导致的非裔美国混合物中从蓝军和国家到波尔卡和zydeco的拉丁美洲和欧洲流派地区形成。[102]摇滚首次进入流行音乐通过调用rockabilly,其中融合新生声音与乡村音乐元素的样式。过去曾有黑执行摇滚有限的主流成功,但它是白色执行者猫王首先呼吁主流观众的黑色风格的音乐,成为历史上最畅销的音乐家之一,在世界各地给观众带来的摇滚。[103]
Rock and roll developed out of country, blues, and R&B. Rock's exact origins and early influences have been hotly debated, and are the subjects of much scholarship. Though squarely in the blues tradition, rock took elements from Afro-Caribbean and Latin musical techniques.[101] Rock was an urban style, formed in the areas where diverse populations resulted in the mixtures of African American, Latin and European genres ranging from the blues and country to polka and zydeco.[102] Rock and roll first entered popular music through a style called rockabilly, which fused the nascent sound with elements of country music. Black-performed rock and roll had previously had limited mainstream success, but it was the white performer Elvis Presley who first appealed to mainstream audiences with a black style of music, becoming one of the best-selling musicians in history, and brought rock and roll to audiences across the world.[103]
猫王,埃尔维斯·普雷斯利,(Elvis Aron Presley,1935.1.8-1977.8.16)美国摇滚乐史上影响力最大的歌手,有摇滚乐之王的誉称。20世纪50年代,猫王的音乐开始风靡世界。他的音乐超越了种族以及文化的疆界,将乡村音乐、布鲁斯音乐以及山地摇滚乐融会贯通,形成了具有鲜明个性的独特曲风,强烈的震撼了当时的流行乐坛,并让摇滚乐开始如同旋风一般横扫了世界乐坛。Elvis Aron Presley,1935.1.8-1977.8.16 Had the greatest influence in the history of rock music he was honoured as “the king of rock
Link park
Third 爵士乐(英语:Jazz)是一种起源于非洲形成于美国的音乐形式。在它之前是一些更早出现的美国黑人音乐(如蓝调、福音歌曲等),而这些音乐是美国黑人根植于其非洲音乐传统的基础上,结合他们在现实中的遭遇创作出来的。早期蓝调主要表现黑人的悲惨境遇和底层生活状态(蓝调的英文原字Blue除了指‘蓝色’之外亦有‘忧郁’之意),大多比较凄苦。福音歌曲主要是(向上帝)祈求平安,希望得到救赎。爵士乐在其发展过程中除了有黑人音乐的根源外,还吸收了如古典音乐、民族音乐等诸多音乐元素,逐渐形成了今天多门多类的爵士乐,所传递的内容也更为多样,不只是早期的“黑人风格”。
Jazz has been called America's classical music, and for good reason. Along with the blues, its forefather, it is one of the first truly indigenous musics to develop in America, yet its unpredictable, risky ventures into improvisation gave it critical cache with scholars that the blues lacked. At the outset, jazz was dance music, performed by swinging big bands. Soon, the dance elements faded into the background and improvisation became the key element of the music. As the genre evolved, the music split into a number of different styles, from the speedy, hard-hitting rhythms of be-bop and the laid-back, mellow harmonies of cool jazz to the jittery, atonal forays of free jazz and the earthy grooves of soul jazz. What tied it all together was a foundation in the blues, a reliance on group interplay and unpredictable improvisation. Throughout the years, and in all the different styles, those are the qualities that defined jazz.
流行音乐(Popular music)是属于一种有着广泛听众极具吸引力音乐,相较于艺术音乐站和传统音乐。流行音乐是一个不分年龄人人共享音乐以“雅俗共赏”通称。
Pop music is hard to describe because it’s just music that is popular at any given time.
Pop music may be very similar to Rap, R&B, Rock or even Country music but it is designed to have mass appeal.
Pop music is often a fusion of styles
蓝调(英文:Blues,解作“蓝色”,又音译为布鲁斯)是一种基于五声音阶的声乐和乐器音乐,它的另一个特点是其特殊的和声。蓝调起源于过去美国黑人奴隶的灵魂乐、赞美歌、劳动歌曲、叫喊和圣歌。蓝调中使用的“蓝调之音”和启应的演唱方式都显示了它的西方来源。
蓝调对后来美国和西方流行音乐有非常大的影响,拉格泰姆、爵士乐、蓝草、节奏蓝调、摇滚乐、乡村音乐和普通的流行歌曲,甚至现代的古典音乐中都含有蓝调的因素或者是从蓝调发展出来的。[1]在诗歌里这个词常被用来描写忧郁情绪。蓝调一词是与“蓝色魔鬼”(Bluedevils)一致的意思,意思是情绪低调、忧伤、忧郁。早在1798年乔治·科曼就写过一部名为《蓝色魔鬼,一幕滑稽戏》的滑稽戏。19世纪里这个词被用来表示震颤谵妄和警察。在美国黑人音乐中这个词的应用可能更老。1912年孟菲斯威廉·克里斯托弗·汉迪的《孟菲斯蓝调》是这个词在音乐中最早的书面纪录。
Blues is about tradition and personal expression. At its core, the blues has remained the same since its inception. Most blues feature simple, usually three-chord, progressions and have simple structures that are open to endless improvisations, both lyrical and musical. The blues grew out of African spirituals and worksongs. In the late 1800s, southern African-Americans passed the songs down orally, and they collided with American folk and country from the Appalachians. New hybrids appeared by each region, but all of the recorded blues from the early 1900s are distinguished by simple, rural acoustic guitars and pianos. After World War II, the blues began to fragment, with some musicians holding on to acoustic traditions and others taking it to jazzier territory. However, most bluesmen followed Muddy Waters' lead and played the blues on electric instruments. From that point on, the blues continued to develop in new directions — particularly on electric instruments — or it has been preserved as an acoustic tradition.
Country Blues 乡村蓝调
Electric Blues 电声蓝调
Folk-Blues 民谣蓝调
Jazz Blues 爵士蓝调
Jump Blues 跳跃蓝调
New Orleans Blues 新奥尔良蓝调
New York Blues 纽约蓝调
Piano Blues 钢琴蓝调
Soul-Blues 灵魂蓝调
Urban Blues 城市蓝调
Classic music
The European classical music tradition was brought to the United States with some of the first colonists. European classical music is rooted in the traditions of European art, ecclesiastical and concert music. The central norms of this tradition developed between 1550 and 1825, centering on what is known as the common practice period. Many American classical composers attempted to work entirely within European models until late in the 19th century. When Antonín Dvořák, a prominent Czech composer, visited the United States from 1892 to 1895, he iterated the idea that American classical music needed its own models instead of imitating European composers; he helped to inspire subsequent composers to make a distinctly American style of classical music.[31] By the beginning of the 20th century, many American composers were incorporating disparate elements into their work, ranging from jazz and blues to Native American music.
欧洲古典音乐的传统被带到美国的第一批殖民一些。欧洲古典音乐根植于传统欧洲艺术,教会和音乐会音乐。这种传统的中央规范制定 1550年至 1825 年围绕所谓的共同实践期。许多美国古典作曲家试图完全在直到晚在 19 世纪的欧洲模式。当从 1892 年到 1895 Antonín 演奏德沃夏克,著名的捷克作曲家,访问了美国时,他迭代美国古典音乐需要而不是效仿欧洲作曲家 ; 其自身模型的想法他帮助激发随后作曲家,使美国特色风格的古典音乐。[31]20 世纪初,许多美国作曲家的不同元素纳入他们的工作,从爵士和蓝调到美国本土的音乐。
Elvis Aron Presley The Hillbilly Cat 埃尔维斯·普雷斯利 ( Elvis Aron Presley,1935年1月8日 --- 1977年8月16日 ) ,是20世纪美国流行音乐历史中最重要的人物之一,是最著名的美国摇滚乐歌手与演员。他出生于密西西比州图珀洛(Tupelo, Mississippi, U.S.),曾经在德国美军基地服役,美国南方歌迷为他取的昵称“The Hillbilly Cat”,原意为“来自乡村的野猫”,华人爱称他为 “猫王”,埃尔维斯·普雷斯利是流行音乐历史上最杰出和最性感的歌手,唱片销量也是最高的歌手之一 从50年代中期到70年代中期这20年间,甚至在他去世之后他的任何再版唱片都能保持极其稳定的销量。猫王埃尔维斯·普雷斯利 ( Elvis Aron Presley ) 是最杰出和最性感的歌手,唱片销量也是最高的歌手之一。自猫王以后,鲜明的思想性和强烈的现实批判性的摇滚乐迅速流传。也因为他的魅力,摇滚乐成为美国全民运动。猫王开辟了摇滚乐艰难的前进道路。引领了流行音乐的一个时代,埃尔维斯·普雷斯利是流行音乐历史上最杰出和最性感的歌手,唱片销量也是最高的歌手之
RCA也颁予“世纪艺人Artsit Of The Century”特别纪念奖感念这位一代巨星。
迈克尔·杰克逊(Michael Jackson)是继猫王之后,西方流行乐坛最具影响力的音乐家,其成就超越猫王,被誉为流行音乐之王(King of Pop)。他是一个出色的音乐全才,在作词、作曲、场景制作、编曲、演唱、舞蹈、乐器演奏都有着非常主要音乐风格:新杰克摇摆舞曲(New Jack Swing),俱乐部舞曲(Club/Dance),流行/摇滚(Pop/Rock),摩顿黑人音乐(Motown),都市流行(Urban),放克(Funk),节奏布鲁斯(R&B)卓越的成就。造型特色墨镜 白袜
手套右手手指绷带右臂臂环
永远铭记这个世界上所有遭受苦难的儿童1970年12月1日 Michael 音乐生涯最具代表性的专辑,亦是他的巅峰之作“Thriller”发行,此专辑稍后不仅在美国专辑榜上蝉连了37周冠军、在世界各国皆成为冠军专辑、拥有七首Top 10单曲、获得12项葛莱美奖提名及七项奖座外,其全球销售到1995年更已超过四千四百三十万张(美国二千一百万张),且仍在陆续地增加中。Thriller是Michael音乐生涯最具代表性的专辑,亦是他的巅峰之作,此专辑稍后不仅在美国专辑榜上蝉连了37周冠军、在世界各国皆成为冠军专辑、拥有七首TOP10单曲、获得12项葛莱美奖提名及七项奖座外,其全球销售到1995年更已超过四千四百三十万张(美国二千一百万张),且仍在陆续地增加中。北京时间2009年6月26日凌晨3:30分一代歌王迈克尔·杰克逊因心脏停搏抢救无效逝世,终年50岁。Michael Jackson于1992年成立了Heal the world(治愈世界)基金会,Michael Jackson一生共为世界慈善事业捐款三亿美元,还支持着世界39个慈善机构生慈善
艾薇儿·瑞摩娜·拉维妮(Avril Ramona Lavigne 第45届美国格林美Grammy颁奖典礼5项大奖提名
Taylor Swift第54届格莱美颁奖典礼上,美国乡村音乐女创作歌手泰勒·斯威夫特获得最佳乡村歌手大奖。2006年10月24日发行第一张专辑《Taylor Swift》,就获得了美国Billboard乡村排行榜的第一名和美国Billboard 200的第五名的成绩
路易斯·阿姆斯特朗(Louis Armstrong,1900年7月4日-1971年7月6日),美国爵士史上伟大的歌唱家之一,也是世界上最伟大的小号演奏家之一。虽出身纽奥良贫民区,但在感化院学会了吹短号后,为其一生的音乐打下良好的基础,歌唱才华与极具辨识度的独特嗓音,在歌坛上亦是无人能仿效,在恩师爵士乐演奏家金·奥里佛的帮助下,阿姆斯特朗逐渐成长为一位优秀的短号演奏家。他是爵士乐史上永恒的灵魂人物,他即兴的演奏和歌唱能像月光一样轻盈,也能低沉如在阴沟里垂死的街头混混留下的血滴
●西海岸说唱 (West Coast Rap)
从HIP-HOP的发展来看,说唱的风格不仅仅是以地理的分割为基准.东西海岸说唱的区别在于他们不同的风格和内容.尽管也受到HIP-HOP前辈,如 Grandmaster Flash 和Afrika Bambatta 的影响,西海岸说唱比东海岸说唱,进一步从老派说唱(OLD SCHOOL RAP)的曲调.西海岸说唱还率先把"GANGSTA"文化良莠不分的带入到了HIP-HOP文化的前沿.尽管在说唱乐继续演变的过程中,东西海岸说唱的界限正在慢慢淡化,但仍有一个明显的西海岸体系,包括从老牌的说唱组合N.W.A到Shoop Dogg的组合DPG,以及到现在来自卡普蹲的The Game等.
代表人物:N.W.A,Snoop Dogg, Dr. Dre, 2Pac, and Tha Dogg Pound
●东海岸说唱 (East Coast Rap)
东海岸说唱的风格总的来说比西海岸的说唱保留了更多的老派风格.像老牌劲旅Public Enemy,Boogie Down Productions,Run-D.M.C等东海岸艺术家们,他们那简朴与直接的风格,与西海岸的华丽风格形成鲜明对比.由此产生了更有棱角的节奏和严紧而又有力的韵律,之后,随着东西海岸的融合,说唱成为两岸文化的合金,清晰明快的东海岸之声蓬勃发展,也相继涌现出一批如今以是天王级的人物,如 Nas, Jay-Z(我们的骄傲啊~!), Wu-Tang Clan等.
代表人物:Wu-Tang Clan, Public Enemy,Run-D.M.C,The Notorious B.I.G.,Busta Rhymes,LL cool JHip-Hop涵有有Rap的饶舌和较R&B复杂的节奏以及电唱机的音效,另外在墙上涂鸦也是Hip-Hop文化的延伸Hip是屁股,Hop是跳跃的意思,Hip-Hop音乐在70年代专指黑人源于R&B(节奏蓝调),但与R&B截然不同,强调舞厅中D.J.Remix技巧的纯舞曲,这种音乐在80年代由于加上Scratch(将唱片间歇式倒转地放,而发出与唱针摩擦音的特殊效果)及黑人特有的街头式韵角口白形成Rap音乐,因此可以说Hip-Hop是Rap的前身,但今天这两个名词往往可以混用,只是Rap偏重说唱,Hip-Hop则较倾向于指Beat(节拍)明显强烈的流行舞曲。
Graffiti:涂鸦,在字典中解析就是drawing or writing on a public wall,如今涂鸦艺术的喷画及街头形式传统已对世界艺术家造成了一定的影响。作为一种销售的工具,早期的Hip-Hop舞会宣传总喜欢请涂鸦艺术家来设计传单及海报。但后来至80年代,Hip-Hop已被广泛介绍并为大众接受,有一段时间Hip-Hop并无关于贩卖文化,也并未将早期的涂鸦形式一并带进来。涂鸦里无论是特殊技巧和喷漆的手法,对艺术形式也产生影响,例如墨西哥革命的愤怒涂鸦。而今天,在黑帮泛滥的美国城市,黑道间彼此地盘的警告和暴力的威胁也都透过涂鸦来沟通。
介绍几个比较出名的Hip-Hop歌手:
Eminem----不能不提,身为白人在这个以黑人为主的音乐里表现的非常出色。比较喜欢的几首歌曲Stan,Without me,Sing For The Moment(翻唱Aerosmith的老歌)。
50 Cent----大红特红的人物,不用做再多的介绍。好听的歌曲比较多,21 questions最为欣赏。
D12----说唱著名团体,D-12乐团首张专辑Devil\'s Night已经在三年前证明了这一点。
Snoop Dogg----声音非常独特,感觉就是在平平淡淡的说。
P. Diddy----与EMINEM为敌,也是非常出色的歌手。
THE BLACK EYED PEAS----黑眼豆豆,跟Justin合作了一曲 整张专集都非常出色。
Dr. Dre----顶尖制作人兼歌手,在很多Hip-Hop的MV中经常能看到身影,制作过许多非常有名的专集。
JAY-Z----说唱非常干净,与众不同就是没有脏话。
海王星(N.E.R.D)----最早两个人,一个黑种人,一个黄种人。非常的出色,制作过Justin、小甜甜等一系列的专集。
T.I.---说唱非常干净,被称为The King Of The North
周杰伦应该也算,不过近几年不出这种类型的了。
艾米纳姆(Eminem 1972年10月17日-),出生于美国堪萨城。他是奥斯卡得奖者及九次胜出格莱美奖的美国饶舌歌手,同时身为唱片制作人及演员,拥有售卖超过七百万张唱片的世界纪录。艾米纳姆凭首张专辑《the Slim Shady LP/微晕》即囊括“最佳饶舌歌手”、“最佳饶舌专辑”2项格莱美大奖,被SPIN、Vibe等杂志赞为“不凡的饶舌歌手
She began performing locally around her town and county at the age of ten, and at age 11 sang the national anthem before a Philadelphia 76ers game. By the time she was 12, she had picked up the guitar and began practicing four hours each day, until her fingers started to bleed
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