翻译材料参考译文-注释.doc

2013级快班翻译材料参考译文+注释

（一）节日
练习1
农历的正月初一是春节，即农历的新年。①据说春节是由冬天的祭拜活动（Sacrifice）发展而来的。在远古社会，冬祭是人们的一种习俗。在所有的节日当中，春节对我们来说是最重要的。在春节到来的前几天，我们便把房子打扫得干干净净并装饰一新（spring-clean：大扫除）。②老人们说必须干干净净过春节，这样来年才会幸福、交好运。根据中国的传统，中国人年年过春节，家家都要贴春联（Spring Festival couplet），以表达对新年的祝愿。（167字）
参考译文：
The first day of the first lunar month is the Spring Festival, the Lunar New Year’s Day in China. ①It is said that the Spring Festival evolved from Winter Sacrifice, a custom practiced by the people in the primitive society. Of all the festivals, the Spring Festival is the most important to the Chinese. Several days before the Spring Festival, we spring-clean our houses and decorate them. Old folk say that everything must be clean for the Spring Festival celebration ②so that the New Year will bring happiness and good luck. According to Chinese traditions, every year the Chinese people celebrate the Spring Festival, every family hangs up Spring Festival couplets, conveying one’s best wishes for the year.
单词与词组：
由…..发展而来：evolve from 原始的：primitive 庆祝：celebration
习俗：custom 装饰：decorate 表达：convey

31

句型：
It is said that…
… so that …
According to sth. , …
注释：
①合并。原文两个句子，可整合成一句，用同位语。
参考译文：It is said that the Spring Festival evolved from Winter Sacrifice, a custom practiced by the people in the primitive society.
②注意翻译成英文时so that 目的状语从句中主语和谓语的选择。原文意思其实是“新年会(给人们)带来幸福和好运”翻译时主语是New Year, 谓语是will bring。
参考译文：Old folk say that everything must be clean for the Spring Festival celebration so that the New Year will bring happiness and good luck.

练习2
农历正月十五是灯节（Lantern Festival），也叫元宵节。元宵节与春节紧紧相连。过去，人们大约用20天的时间为春节做准备。然而，元宵节却标志着春节喜庆的结束。元宵节过后，一切又恢复正常。①灯节活动热闹（bustling）非凡，人们充满无比的喜悦。在灯节这天整个夜晚花灯充满整个街道，人们载歌载舞，形成了一个群众性的娱乐活动。长期以来，人们不断（continuously）制造各种精美、奇异的花灯以及各种爆竹和烟花来增添灯节的热闹气氛。（178字）
参考译文：
The Lantern Festival，also the Yuanxiao Festival, falls on the 15th day of the first Chinese lunar month. It is closely related to the Spring Festival. In the past, people spent about 20 days for the Spring Festival celebrations. However, the Lantern Festival marks the end of the Spring Festival celebrations. And after the Lantern Festival, everything returns to normal. ①The Lantern Festival is bustling with activity. People are filled with incomparable joy. On that day, festive lanterns fill the whole street and people sing and dance throughout the whole night. This forms a mass recreational activity. For a long time, people have continuously produced various kinds of elegant and strange lanterns. Various kinds of firecrackers and fireworks make the Yuanxiao Festival even more alive.
单词与词组：

标志：mark 恢复正常： return to normal 无比的：incomparable
娱乐活动：recreational activity 各种各样的：various kinds of
爆竹和烟花：firecrackers and fireworks
句型：
与……紧紧相连：be closely related to
注释：
①分译。原文中一个句子，两个主语，即“灯节”和“人们”，所以译文中被拆分成了两个句子。
参考译文：The Lantern Festival is bustling with activity. People are filled with incomparable joy.

练习3
当公历到了6月份，我们发觉一年的时间已经过去了一半。然而，农历（lunar calendar）五月份才刚刚开始，在中国，人们正准备欢度一个传统节日——端午节。几千年以来，端午节的标志是吃粽子（Zongzi）和划龙舟（dragon boat）。①在中国古代，人们认为龙是掌管水的神，而水对日常生活和农业生产至关重要。端午节那天，人们划龙船是为了用粽子款待水神，使他快乐。目的是期望神保佑人们一年四季风调雨顺。（163字）
参考译文：
As we enter the month of June, we find ourselves already in the middle of the year. However, according to the Chinese lunar calendar, the fifth month is just beginning and the Chinese people are preparing to celebrate a traditional festival——Duanwu Festival. For thousands of years, it has been marked with eating Zongzi and racing dragon boats. ①In ancient China, people believed that the dragon was the god in charge of water, which was vitally important to daily life and agricultural production. On the day of the Duanwu Festival, people raced dragon boats to entertain the god in charge of water and offered him Zongzi as a treat. The purpose was to please the god to ensure a year of favorable weather.
单词与词组：

古代的：ancient 负责：in charge of 农业生产：agricultural production
取悦：entertain 款待：treat 确保：ensure

句型：
As 引导的时间状语从句
Sth. be marked with．．．
注释：
①此处考查非限制性定语从句。
参考译文：In ancient China, people believed that the dragon was the god in charge of water, which was vitally important to daily life and agricultural production.

练习4
每年除夕这一天，家家户户门上贴着红色春联（Spring Festival couplet）。①晚上全家欢聚一堂共进晚餐。人们无论离家多远，都总是想法设法赶回家分享这顿团圆饭。②家庭聚餐之后，全家人围坐在一起，观看中央电视台的春节联欢晚会。父母或祖父母给孩子们压岁钱，鼓励他们来年学习更好。当孩子睡着之后，有的父母把压岁钱放在他们的枕头下。作为新年礼物的压岁钱象征两件事：一是希望孩子在新的一年里平平安安成长，二是增加节日气氛。（191字）
参考译文：
On the eve of the Lunar New Year’s Day, each family puts up red Spring Festival couplets on the doorframes. ①When the family happily gathers together the celebration begins. No matter how far away a person is, he would always try to get home in time for this big dinner. ②After the family dinner, the whole family sits around, watching the evening programs for celebrating the Spring Festival from CCTV. Parents or grandparents offer the children money as Lunar New Year gift and encourage them to do better in the coming new year. Some parents put the money gifts under the children’s pillows when they fall asleep. Money given to children as a Lunar New Year gift symbolizes two things: firstly, they hope that children will grow safe and sound in the new year; secondly, they want to intensify the festive atmosphere.
单词与词组：

聚集：gather together 熟睡：fall asleep 象征：symbolize
平平安安成长：grow safe and sound 增加：intensify 气氛：atmosphere
句型：
No matter how …, sb. would …
注释：
①此处可意译。
参考译文：When the family happily gathers together the celebration begins. （前面有除夕（eve）一词，“晚上”可不译）
②注意翻译时谓语的选择。译文中谓语选择了“围坐”，sit around，而把“观看”这个动作变成了伴随的状态。
参考译文：After the family dinner, the whole family sits around, watching the evening programs for celebrating the Spring Festival from CCTV/CCTV Spring Festival Gala.

（二）饮食
练习5
①我们中国人在互致问候时，尤其在过去，倾向于问“你吃了吗？”这就是为什么我们说中国文化是以饮食为主的。中国人民过去非常关注饮食，因为饥荒在中国烹饪（cuisine）的发展过程中扮演着重要的角色。几千年来，中国文明一直与农业联系在一起，歉收是常有的事情。荒年之时，人们为了活下去，搜寻一切可以吃的（edible）东西。在经历了百年的磨难以后，今天中国人重新过上了稳定幸福的生活。人们可以在世界各地品尝到美味的中国食物。（190字）
参考译文：
①We Chinese people tend to greet people, especially in the past, by asking “Have you had your meal?” This is why we say Chinese culture is “food-oriented”. Chinese people used to be preoccupied with eating, because famine played an important role in the development of the cuisine. As a civilized agricultural country for thousands of years, China suffered from poor harvests as well. During those famine years, people would try everything edible to stay alive. After one hundred years of suffering, Chinese people are now enjoying stability and good life. One can try tasty Chinese food all over the world.
单词与词组：

问候：greet 以饮食为主：food-oriented 关注：be preoccupied with
饥荒：famine 歉收：poor harvest 磨难：suffering
句型：
Sb. tends to do sth.
Sb. used to be …
Sth. plays an important role in…
注释：
①注意译文与原文句子结构的不同，“你吃过了吗”的译文“have you had your meal”，是通过by引出来，表示问候的方式。
参考译文：We Chinese people tend to greet people, especially in the past, by asking “Have you had your meal?”

练习6
①中华饮食习俗源远流长，其礼节礼仪（etiquette）具有千年的历史，至今仍被尊崇。②宴会是社会重要的形式之一。它比一般的家宴和朋友聚餐更正式、更隆重一些。宴请者一般会提前一到两个星期通知应邀人。不管自己是否出席，应邀人都应尽早回复。赴宴要注意准时，迟到是非常没有礼貌的。登堂入室时，位高者先入。③登堂后，要按长幼尊卑依次落座。多数情况下，只有当主人开始给主要客人夹菜，或简短地宣布可以开始时，才开始进餐。（188字）
参考译文：
①Chinese eating habits have a long history. It is said that the etiquette of eating，which originated a thousand years ago，is still much valued and well preserved in China. ②Formal dinner，as a kind of social activities，is considered more formal than family dinners or friends meeting dinners. Usually the hosts invite the guests one or two weeks in advance. The invited guests should reply whether they accept the invitation or not. If they accept the offer, they are expected to arrive on time. It is considered impolite to be late. When they go to the dining room, the most honored guest is supposed to enter first. ③Once in the room they are supposed to sit in their proper place at the table. Seating arrangements are made according to power relations. People at formal dinners do not eat until the host starts the meal by placing the food on his guest’s plates with the serving chopsticks or by simply saying “let’s begin”.
单词与词组：

饮食习俗：eating habit 尊崇/重视：value 宴会：formal dinner
宴请者/主人：host 提前：in advance 位高者：the most honored

句型：
It is said that …
Whether … or not
not….until …
注释：
①分译，先译第一个短句“中华饮食习俗源远流长”，第二及第三的短句在译文中另起一句；补充“被尊崇”，人们重视饮食礼仪，现在依然在遵循这些礼仪，可增加well preserved一词。
参考译文：Chinese eating habits have a long history. It is said that the etiquette of eating, which originated a thousand years ago, is still much valued and well preserved in China.
②合译。
参考译文：Formal dinner，as a kind of social activities, is considered more formal than family dinners or friends meeting dinners.
③分译。原文简单一句话，但“长幼尊卑”这个词显示了中国饮食文化中的等级观念，在翻译时需要额外做出解释。于是翻译时先说proper place at the table, 再另起一句解释这个proper place是按照power relations，即“长幼尊卑”所体现的权力关系来定的。
参考译文：Once in the room they are supposed to sit in their proper place at the table. Seating arrangements are made according to power relations.

（三）语言与文化
练习7
语言是一个民族的声音。①推广普通话（mandarin）是我们祖国屹立于世界民族之林的需要（rock-firm：屹立不动的）；同时，它也是不同地域，不同文化背景中的人与人沟通交流的需要。目前，普通话和我们的祖国一样，在国际上占有越来越显著的地位：②它成为了联合国六种工作语言之一，成了香港，澳门同胞（compatriot）以及外国人争相学习的热门语言。普通话的意义不仅仅是沟通的需要，它还代表着中华民族的繁荣昌盛。（164字）
参考译文：
Language is the voice of a people. ①Popularization of mandarin meets the need of our motherland to stand rock-firm as an important nation in world nation community/among the nations of the world. Meanwhile, it also meets the need to communicate among people from different areas and different cultural backgrounds. Currently, mandarin, just like our motherland, is playing a more and more important role in the world. ②It’s one of the six official languages of the United Nations. It’s a hot language that foreigners and our compatriots from Hong Kong and Macao are eager to learn. The significance of mandarin doesn’t only lie in communication. It also demonstrates the prosperity of our motherland.
单词与词组：

推广：popularization 沟通：communicate 目前：currently
工作语言：official language 意义：significance 繁荣昌盛：prosperity

句型：
Sth. meets the need of sth.
Sth. plays an important role in …
注释：
①第一，注意主语。原文主语“推广普通话”是动词形式，翻译时注意处理成相应名词短语。第二，注意谓语与宾语。原文谓语是“是”，宾语是“需要”，翻译时注意英语的搭配习惯，是meet the need，“满足需要”。第三，注意语序的调整，原文定语较长，翻译时可将其挪到宾语后面，to stand rock-firm as an important nation in world nation community/among the nations of the world. 最后，译文可增加信息as an important nation使意思表达更为完整。
参考译文：Popularization of mandarin meets the need of our motherland to stand rock-firm as an important nation in world nation community/among the nations of the world.
②第一，分译。原文并列的两个短句，翻译时拆分成两个独立的句子。第二，注意对长定语的处理。“香港，澳门同胞（compatriot）以及外国人争相学习的”这一长定语在翻译时可放在由that引导的定语从句中。
参考译文：It’s one of the six official languages of the United Nations. It’s a hot language that foreigners and our compatriots from Hong Kong and Macao are eager to learn.

练习8
中国书法（calligraphy）历史悠久。①这种艺术形式由来已久，直到今天仍在中国广泛运用。虽然书法以汉字为表达工具，但人们要欣赏书法并不需要懂得中文。因为从本质来讲，书法是一种抽象的艺术。书法被认为是一种保持健康的有效方法，因为它可以让人放松，也可以让人自娱自乐。今天，中国书法作为一种高雅的艺术形式在周边国家也得到了关注。随着中国文化传播到韩国、日本、越南（Vietnam）和新加波（Singapore），书法已成为东方艺术中独有的特点。（202字）
参考译文：
Chinese calligraphy has a long history. ①It dated back to the earliest day in history, and has been widely practiced throughout China to the present day. Although Chinese calligraphy uses Chinese characters as its vehicles of expression, people don’t have to know Chinese to appreciate its beauty. Because calligraphy in essence, is an abstract art. Calligraphy is considered an active way of keeping oneself fit and healthy, for the practice is relaxing and self-entertaining. Today, Chinese calligraphy is still considered an elegant art form even in neighboring countries. As Chinese culture spread to Korea, Japan, Vietnam and Singapore, calligraphy become a unique feature of Oriental art.
单词与词组：

工具/媒介：vehicle 欣赏：appreciate 本质上：in essence/nature

抽象的：abstract 保持健康：keep oneself fit and healthy
自娱自乐：self-entertain 高雅的：elegant
周边国家：neighboring country 独有的特点：unique feature 东方的：oriental

句型：
Although … 引导的让步状语从句
As…引导的时间状语从句
注释：
①注意英文过去式和现在完成时的使用。
参考译文：It dated back to the earliest day in history, and has been widely practiced throughout China to the present day

练习9
中国有“书（calligraphy）画同源”的说法，这有几重意思：一是书法家（calligrapher）和画家生活在同一个文化大环境里，二是写书法和画画都是用毛笔（writing brush），①三是书画家们往往把诗词、书法、绘画和印章糅合在同一幅作品里，数种艺术融为一体。中国传统绘画强调“写意”（sentiment:感情），而不是“写实”。书法很像画画，它是用汉字来传达艺术家的精神世界。（139字）
参考译文：
A Chinese saying went: There was a same source for calligraphy and painting. The word indicated three facts: The first, calligraphers and painters were all intellectuals who had the same cultural background. The second, they used the same tool, the writing brush. ①The third, calligraphers and painters always created their works combining poetry, calligraphy, painting and seal together. Chinese traditional painting put stress on “display man’s sentiments”, rather than “display the real world”. ②Calligraphy is in a way very much like painting. It uses Chinese characters to communicate the spiritual world of the artist.
单词与词组：

源头：source 表明（原文中的“有”）：indicate 文化环境：cultural background
糅合：combine 印章：seal 强调：put stress on/emphasize
写（表达）意：display one’s sentiment 汉字：Chinese character
传达：convey/communicate 精神的：spiritual

句型：
… rather than …
注释：
①增译。“把诗词、书法、绘画和印章糅合在同一幅作品中”，这里指在创作的时候，因此加上create一词；省译。译文中省略了“数种艺术融为一体”，因为整个原文中“杂糅”已经体现了“融为一体”的意思。
参考译文：The third, calligraphers and painters always created their works combining poetry, calligraphy, painting and seal together.

练习10
今天许多人爱好旅游，人们无论走到那些风景名胜，如庙宇，历史遗迹，老住宅和花园，到处都有对联（couplet）。对联在中国的社会中无所不在。它们是节假日不可缺少的装饰品。①每当春节来临，家家户户都会装饰上新的春联。两张红纸上面，用漂亮的书法（calligraphy）写上吉祥平安的文字（good omen：祥兆），贴在大门上大大增加了节日喜气洋洋的气氛。（146字）
参考译文:
Now, more and more people like to make a trip during holidays. When visiting temples, historical ruins, old residences and gardens, they could inevitably meet one thing at all tourist resorts, it is couplets. Couplets could be seen everywhere in Chinese society. They were the indispensable decorations on festival holidays. ①During the Spring Festival, all the families would decorate their houses with “Spring Couplets"，using red papers, brushing fine calligraphy on the words of good omens and best wishes, hanging on doors, which created special cheerful atmosphere on holidays.
单词与词组：

风景名胜：scenic spots/tourist resorts 历史遗迹： historical ruins
不可缺少的：indispensable 装饰品：decoration 喜气洋洋的气氛： cheerful atmosphere

注释：
①合并。原文两句，翻译时合并成一句。“装饰”一词是主动作，故翻译时用它做句子谓语，其他动词如“写上”“贴”等都是次动作，处理成V-ing形式，表方式，如何 “装饰”。
参考译文：During the Spring Festival, all the families would decorate their houses with “Spring Couplets"，using red papers, brushing fine calligraphy on the words of good omens and best wishes, hanging on doors, which created special cheerful atmosphere on holidays.

练习11
唐装（Tang style fashion），是近年来出现的一个新名词，意思是中国传统式服装。①其实，唐朝距今已经一千四百年，唐装并不是真正唐代人穿的服装。唐装只是一个让外国人接受的概念，因为在许多国家，“唐”和“中国”是一样的意思。今天所谓的唐装，主要是满族人（ethnic Manchu）的服装样式。因为清朝统治中国超过250年，