1、中国实用神经疾病杂志 2023 年 10 月第 26 卷第 10 期Chinese Journal of Practical Nervous Diseases Oct.2023,Vol.26 No.10【摘要】目的 探讨经颅多普勒超声(TCD)对颈内动脉颅外段(EICA)重度狭窄中颅内动脉血流动力学参数的检测价值。方法 选取2018-052023-01湖北省中西医结合医院收治的63例EICA狭窄患者为研究对象,根据临床表现及检查结果分为症状组(n=34)、无症状组(n=29)。所有研究对象均接受TCD诊断,对比2组患者EICA狭窄情况,对比不同狭窄程度患者的MCA血流动力学参数,以及重度无症状
2、、症状患者 MCA 血流动力学参数,对比症状组、无症状组侧支循环开放情况。结果症状组、无症状组患者EICA狭窄分布情况对比差异有统计学意义(P0.05),症状组重度EICA狭窄发生率高于无症状组。不同狭窄程度患者大脑中动脉(MCA)血流动力学参数对比差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。重度狭窄症状组患者MCA的收缩期峰时血流速度(PSV)、舒张末期血流速度(EDV)、平均血流速度(Vm)、搏动指数(PI)均低于重度狭窄无症状组(P0.05)。TCD显示,2组轻度、中度狭窄患者均未见侧支循环开放事件,而重度无症状组前交通动脉(ACoA)、后交通动脉(PCoA)侧支循环开放率均高于重度症状组(P0.0
3、5),而眼动脉(OA)侧支循环开放率对比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 TCD可精准监测 EICA狭窄患者的颅内动脉血流动力学参数变化,评估 EICA 狭窄病情进展及颅内侧支循环建立情况,为临床诊治提供可靠依据。【关键词】颈内动脉颅外段狭窄;颈内动脉狭窄;经颅多普勒超声;血流动力学;侧支循环【中图分类号】R543.5【文献标识码】A【文章编号】1673-5110(2023)10-1244-05基金项目:湖北省中西医结合医院“杏林人才工程”院级科研专项(重点项目)(编号:H2023Z001)肖海萍刘慧玲黄明黄开发何巧媛湖北省中西医结合医院 湖北省新华医院,湖北 武汉 430010通信作者:
4、黄明TCD检测颈内动脉颅外段重度狭窄颅内动脉血流动力学参数的价值DOI:10.12083/SYSJ.230604本文引用信息:肖海萍,刘慧玲,黄明,黄开发,何巧媛.TCD检测颈内动脉颅外段重度狭窄颅内动脉血流动力学参数的价值 J.中国实用神经疾病杂志,2023,26(10):1244-1248.DOI:10.12083/SYSJ.230604Reference information:XIAO Haiping,LIU Huiling,HUANG Ming,HUANG Kaifa,HE Qiaoyuan.Value ofTCD in detecting hemodynamic parameter
5、s of intracranial artery in patients with severe extracranial stenosis ofinternal carotid arteryJ.Chinese Journal of Practical Nervous Diseases,2023,26(10):1244-1248.DOI:10.12083/SYSJ.230604论著临床诊治Value of TCD in detecting hemodynamic parameters of intracranial artery in patients withsevere extracran
6、ial stenosis of internal carotid arteryXIAO Haiping,LIU Huiling,HUANG Ming,HUANG Kaifa,HE QiaoyuanHubei Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine/Xinhua Hospital of Hubei Province,Wuhan 430010,ChinaCorresponding author:HUANG Ming【Abstract】Objective To explore the value of transcranial
7、Doppler(TCD)in detecting the changes of intracranial artery hemodynamics parameters in severe extracranial internal carotid artery(EICA)stenosis.Me-thodsTotally 63 patients with EICA stenosis admitted to the Hubei Hospital of Integrated Traditional and WesternMedicine from May 2018 to January 2023 w
8、ere selected as the study subjects.They were divided into symptoma-tic group(n=34)and asymptomatic group(n=29)based on clinical manifestations and examination results.Allstudy subjects received TCD diagnosis and the EICA stenosis status was compared between the two groups.Thehemodynamic parameters o
9、f MCA in patients with different degrees of stenosis,and the hemodynamic parameters1244中国实用神经疾病杂志 2023 年 10 月第 26 卷第 10 期Chinese Journal of Practical Nervous Diseases Oct.2023,Vol.26 No.10颈内动脉颅外段(extracranial internal carotidartery,EICA)狭窄是缺血性卒中发生的重要因素之一1-3。一旦发生病变,若不及时诊治将可能进展为重度狭窄或闭塞,导致颅内动脉血流动力学改变及颅
10、内血流灌注量下降,产生不良预后结局4-7。由于狭窄患者可能表现为无症状或典型神经系统症状,如运动、感觉、视力、言语障碍等8,仅依靠临床症状诊断难以精准判断狭窄及病情进展程度,临床多联合 影 像 学 技 术 辅 助 诊 断。经 颅 多 普 勒 超 声(transcranial Doppler,TCD)为临床常用检测技术,具有经济效益高、无创等优势,可通过监测大脑动脉内血流情况,为诊断EICA狭窄病变提供可靠依据9-10。本研究将对TCD检测EICA重度狭窄中颅内动脉血流动力学参数情况作进一步分析,旨在明确TCD的诊断价值。1资料与方法1.1一般资料选取2018-052023-01湖北省中西医结合
11、医院收治的63例EICA狭窄患者为研究对象,根据临床表现及检查结果分为症状组(n=34)、无症状组(n=29)。其中,男35例,女28例;年龄4781岁(67.4310.29)岁;合并疾病:高血压23例,冠心病9例,糖尿病15例;病变侧:左侧37例,右侧26例;病情:轻度9例,中度18例,重度36例。纳入标准:(1)符合如下诊断标准11:无症状狭窄(既往6个月内无EICA狭窄引起的短暂性脑缺血、卒中等症状,仅出现头晕或轻度头痛)、有症状狭窄(出现典型神经系统症状,包括短暂偏瘫、单眼失明、失语、肢体无力、意识丧失等),均经数字减影血管造影证实,轻度、中度、重度狭窄、完全闭塞即动脉内径缩小30%、
12、30%69%、70%99%、100%;(2)单侧EICA狭窄;(3)患者签署知情同意书。排除标准:(1)合并恶性心律失常、恶性肿瘤、风湿性免疫病等严重疾病者;(2)急性脑梗死、颅内动脉瘤、动静脉畸形等患者;(3)存在精神疾病及其他无法配合TCD诊断的疾病者。1.2方法所有研究对象均接受TCD诊断,仪器为MDX-1055型TCD监测仪(购自德国DWL公司)。操作如下:探头频率2.0 Hz,引导患者取平卧体位,将探头依次放置于颧弓上方颞窗、眼窗、枕窗,扫描大脑中动脉(middle cerebral artery,MCA)、前动脉、后动脉、眼动脉、椎动脉、基底动脉等部位,并记录患侧MCA 收缩期峰时
13、血流速度(peak systolic velocity,PSV)、舒张末期血流速度(end-diastolic velocity,EDV),计算平均血流速度(mean blood flow velocity,Vm)、搏动指数(pulsatility index,PI),3次测量取平均值。侧支循环形成标准12:(1)前交通动脉(anteriorcommunicating artery,ACoA)开放:患侧大脑前交通动脉前段出现血流方向逆转,而健侧大脑前交通动脉出现血流速度代偿性增快,并对健侧颈总动脉造成压迫,使患侧MCA Vm下降;(2)后交通动脉(posterior communicating
14、 artery,PCoA)开放:患侧大脑后交通动脉前段(椎基底动脉、后动脉)血流速度增快;(3)颈外-颈内动脉侧支开放:患侧眼动脉(ophthalmic artery,OA)血流方向逆转或呈双向血流信号,且搏动性减弱。1.3观察指标(1)2组患者EICA狭窄情况,包括轻度、中度、重度狭窄、完全闭塞情况;(2)不同狭窄程度患者的MCA血流动力学参数,包括PSV、EDV、of MCA in severe asymptomatic and symptomatic patients,and the opening of collateral circulation between thesymptom
15、atic and asymptomatic groups were compared.ResultsThere was a statistically significant difference inthe distribution of EICA stenosis between the symptomatic and asymptomatic groups(P0.05).The incidence ofsevere EICA stenosis in the symptomatic group was higher than that in the asymptomatic group.T
16、here was a statistically significant difference on the hemodynamic parameters of the middle cerebral artery(MCA)among patientswith different degrees of stenosis(P0.05).The peak systolic velocity(PSV),end diastolic velocity(EDV),mean blood flow velocity(Vm),and pulsatility index(PI)of MCA in patients
17、 with severe stenosis symptoms werelower than those on the asymptomatic group with severe stenosis(P0.05).The TCD results showed that no colla-teral circulation opening events were observed in both mild and moderate stenosis groups,while the opening ratesof the anterior communicating artery(ACoA)and
18、 posterior communicating artery(PCoA)collateral circulation inthe severe asymptomatic group were higher than those in the severe symptom group(P0.05).ConclusionTCD can accurately monitor the changes of intracranial artery hemodynamics parameters inpatients with EICA stenosis,and evaluate the progres
19、s of EICA stenosis and the establishment of the medial cranialbranch circulation,and provide reliable basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.【Key words】Stenosis of the extracranial segment of the internal carotid artery;Internal carotid artery stenosis;Transcranial Doppler ultrasound;Hemodynamic
20、s;Collateral circulation1245中国实用神经疾病杂志 2023 年 10 月第 26 卷第 10 期Chinese Journal of Practical Nervous Diseases Oct.2023,Vol.26 No.10Vm、PI;(3)重度无症状、症状患者MCA血流动力学参数,包括PSV、EDV、Vm、PI;(4)症状组、无症状组侧支循环开放情况,记录ACoA、PCoA、OA侧支循环开放发生率。1.4统计学方法将数据纳入SPSS 23.0软件进行统计学分析,服从正态分布的计量资料2组间比较采用独立样本t检验,多组间比较采用F检验,以均数标准差(xs)表示
21、,计数资料采用2检验,以率(%)表示,等级序列采用秩和检验,P0.05为差异有统计学意义。2结果2.1对比2组患者EICA狭窄情况症状组、无症状组患者EICA狭窄分布情况对比差异有统计学意义(P0.05),症状组重度EICA狭窄发生率高于无症状组。见表1。2.2对比不同狭窄程度患者的MCA血流动力学参数不同狭窄程度患者的MCA血流动力学参数对比差异有统计学意义(P0.05),重度狭窄患者MCA的PSV、EDV、Vm、PI低于中度、轻度狭窄患者。见表2。2.3对比重度无症状、症状患者MCA血流动力学参数重度狭窄症状组患者MCA的PSV、EDV、Vm、PI均低于重度狭窄无症状组(P0.05)。见表
22、3。组别症状组无症状组Z值P值n3429轻度1(2.94)8(27.59)9.1050.011中度9(26.47)9(31.03)重度24(70.59)12(41.38)表1对比2组患者EICA狭窄情况 例(%)Table 1Comparison of EICA stenosis between twogroups of patients n(%)表2对比不同狭窄程度患者的MCA血流动力学参数(xs)Table 2Comparison of MCA hemodynamic parameters in patients with differentdegrees of stenosis(xs)组
23、别轻度组中度组重度组F值P值n91836PSV/(cm/s)59.576.7951.325.6442.458.2822.5900.001EDV/(cm/s)34.263.2930.475.1625.753.2321.1800.001Vm/(cm/s)57.256.3846.745.4539.536.4332.0500.001PI0.790.180.710.150.560.1213.6100.001表3对比重度无症状、症状患者MCA血流动力学参数(xs)Table 3Comparison of MCA hemodynamic parameters in severeasymptomatic an
24、d symptomatic patients(xs)组别重度症状组重度无症状组t值P值n2412PSV/(cm/s)38.677.2651.517.235.0090.001EDV/(cm/s)21.383.4433.123.699.4260.001Vm/(cm/s)36.757.2348.419.454.1140.001PI0.530.140.700.153.3550.0022.4对比症状组、无症状组侧支循环开放情况TCD显示,2组轻度、中度狭窄患者均未见侧支循环开放事件,而重度无症状组ACoA、PCoA侧支循环开放率均高于重度症状组(P0.05),而OA侧支循环开放率对比差异无统计学意义(P
25、0.05)。见表4。2.5TCD典型图像左侧颈总动脉及颈内动脉闭塞,颅内后循环侧支开放,TCD示右侧颅内动脉流速较患侧偏高,椎基底动脉流速代偿性偏高。见图12。3讨论EICA狭窄引起脑缺血致病机制与动脉粥样硬化斑块或血栓脱落引起动脉栓塞、狭窄造成脑组织血流低灌注存在密切联系13-15。一旦发生EICA狭窄,将导致血流速度降低、频谱形态改变、舒张期频表4对比症状组、无症状组侧支循环开放情况 例(%)Table 4Comparison of collateral circulation openingbetween symptomatic and asymptomatic groups n(%)组
26、别重度症状组重度无症状组2值P值n2412ACoA9(37.50)10(83.33)6.7430.009PCoA7(29.17)8(66.67)4.6290.031OA8(33.33)5(41.67)0.2410.6241246中国实用神经疾病杂志 2023 年 10 月第 26 卷第 10 期Chinese Journal of Practical Nervous Diseases Oct.2023,Vol.26 No.10带增宽等一系列血流动力学改变16-18。精确诊断技术对于识别EICA狭窄患者及控制疾病进展有重要意义19-20。数字减影血管造影为临床血管病变诊断金标准,但该技术为有创性
27、检查,易发生动脉痉挛等并发症,仍需寻找其他安全有效的诊断技术。TCD属无创性检测,具有成本低、敏感度高、可重复性好等诸多优势,可有效评估颅内Willis环、颈外动脉等交通情况,实时监测大脑中动脉血流动力学21-25。本研究显示,症状组、无症状组患者EICA狭窄分布情况对比差异有统计学意义(P0.05),症状组重度EICA狭窄发生率高于无症状组。并非所有狭窄患者均可引起临床症状,本研究表明出现症状患者更易出现EICA狭窄,与侧支循环建立、血流动力学等是否存在密切关系,仍有待进一步分析。不同狭窄程度患者的MCA血流动力学参数对比差异有统计学意义(P0.05),重度狭窄患者 MCA 的 PSV、ED
28、V、Vm、PI低于中度、轻度狭窄患者,说明狭窄越严重,患者的MCA血流动力学改变越大,PSV、EDV、Vm、PI降低越明显。脑血流速度降低可间接反映脑灌注水平下降,狭窄越严重,对脑血流产生明显阻力,降低血流速度26-37。重度狭窄症状组患者MCA的PSV、EDV、Vm、PI均低于重度狭窄无症状组(P0.05),说明重度狭窄患者不一定血流动力学改变明显,其改变还可能与侧支循环有一定关系38,建立良好侧支循环通过代偿性功能,使血流速度维持相对正常范围。TCD显示2组轻度、中度狭窄患者均未见侧支循环开放事件,而重度无症状组ACoA、PCoA侧支循环开放率均高于重度症状组(P0.05),而OA侧支循环
29、开放率对比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。狭窄对脑损伤程度与病情发展速度及脑动脉受累区域、侧支循环建立等存在一定关系,即使完全闭塞,只要患者建立充分ACoA、PCoA开放侧支循环,改善血液供应,保护脑组织,仍可能保持正常血流动力学39-40。TCD可精准监测EICA狭窄患者的颅内动脉血流动力学参数变化,评估EICA狭窄病情进展及颅内侧支循环建立情况,为临床诊治提供可靠依据。4参考文献1 HOYER U C I,LENNARTZ S,ABDULLAYEV N,et al.Imagingof the extracranial internal carotid artery in acute isc
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