高中英语情态动词详解2017.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,情态动词,Modal verbs,常用的情态动词,can,（,could,）,may,（,might,）,shall,（,should,）,will,（,would,）,must,dare,（,dared,）,need,have to,ought to,be able to,used to,The features,（特点,)of the modal verbs:,1.,情态动词本身有词义,但词义不完全,.2.,不能单独作谓语,只能和动词原形一起构成谓语,.3.,情态动词没有人称和数的变化,(,除“,have to,”).4.,没有,不定式,、,V-ing,、,V-ed,形式,.,He,can/could/must/may/might/shall/should/need/dare/dared/will/would/ought to/used to,+,work,in that factory.,He,has to go,home now.,He,had to look,after his sick mother.,在情态动词的使用中,我们要注意以下考点,:,1.,情态动词的基本用法。,2.,情态动词,表推测,的用法。,3.,情态动词,+have done,的用法。,1.,表“,能力,”,can,could,的用法,I,can/am able to,swim.,I,could/was able to,climb a tree when I was a child.,I,will be able to,swim next week.,The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone,was able to,get out.,1.can,表示现在的能力,2.could,表示过去的能力,3.be able to,表能力，可用于多种时态,4.be able to,强调成功地做了某事,2.,表“,请求,许可,”,could,用来表示请求的时候比,can,更委婉,Can,you help me with my English?,He said I,could,borrow his bike.,Could,I use your bike?,Could I borrow your dictionary?,Yes,of course you _,A.might,B.will C.can,D.should,3.,表,“可能性”,can,could,用在,肯定句,中表示理论上的可能性，,“经验之谈”,As a human being,anyone,can,make a mistake.,can,could,用在,疑问句,中表推测,表示可能性,Can,she be in the classroom?,can,could,用在,否定句,中表推测，翻译成,“,不可能,”,We thought the story,couldnt,be true.,1.Mary _ be in Paris,，,for I saw her in the town only a few minutes ago,A,mustnt B,cant,C,shouldnt D,may not,2.My MP4 player isnt in my bag.Where,_ I have put it?,A.can B.must C.should D.would,1.,表“,询问,”,(,might,比用,may,更客气,.,),May I?(=Can I?),Might I?(=Could I?),May,I borrow your book?,may,与,might,用法,May I pick a flower in the garden?,_.,A.No,you neednt B.Not,please.,C.No,you mustnt D.No,you wont,注意：,may I?,的答语,.,肯定,:Yes,you,may,.,否定,:No,you,mustnt,(,语气强硬,),No,you,may not,.,或,No,you,d,better,not,.,2.,表“,许可,”,You,may,take the boy there,He said that I,might,use his telephone.,Might I watch TV after supper?,Yes,you _.,A.may B.must C.might D.could,3.,表,推测,，表示主观上的推测，,“,可能，也许,”,，,不用于疑问句,might,比,may,的可能性更小,She,may not,like this place.,Im afraid he,might not,like this place.,Peter,come with us tonight,，,but he isnt very sure yet,A,must B,may C,can D,will,1.must,表示主观上的,必须,，,应该,，没有时态变化。,You,must,do everything as I do.,注意,:,Must,I finish my homework today?,Yes,you,must,.No,you,neednt,./No,you,dont have to,.,must,的用法,“,必须,、,不得不,”,must,表示的是说话人的主观看法。,have to,表示的是客观需要。（,是由于某种外界（客观）原因而“必须”，“不得不”做某事，也可表示经常的或习惯性的事“必须”做。）,I,have to,be at my office every evening.,注意：,1.,have to,的否定形式,dont have to,表示,不必,。,2.,have to,可用于多种时态中。,1.In crowded places like airports and railway stations,you_ take care of your luggage.,A.can B.may C.must D.will,2.Must he come to sign this paper himself?Yes,he_.,A.need B.must,C.may D.will,2.,must,表示肯定的推测。,The light is still on,so he,must,be at home.,Look at his new car.He _ have a lot of money.,A.should B.shall C.may D.must,3.must,表示“,一定要,”、“,坚持,”,“偏要”、“偏偏”,。表,示与说话人的愿望相反,.,If you,must,go,，,at least wait till the storm is over,Must,you make so much noise,？你偏要弄出那么多噪音？,May I smoke here?If you _,choose a seat in the smoking section.,A.should B.could C.may D.must,4.mustnt,表示,禁止,做某事。,You,mustnt,smoke in the office.,When I was young,I was told that I _ play with matches.,A.wouldnt B.neednt,C.mustnt D.darent,shall,作,助动词,，用于第一人称，表示将来，,should,是,shall,的过去式,We,shall,start for Beijing tomorrow.,shall,作,情态动词,1,：,用于,第一人称,和,第三人称,，表示征求对方意见或请求指示,Shall,we begin our lesson?,Shall,I/she sit here?,shall,与,should,用法,-Sir,_ he go or stay?,-Let him go.,A.will B.shall C.might D.could,2:,shall,用于,第二,、,三人称,，表示,允诺、警告、威胁、命令、决心,等。,You,shall,have a nice present for your birthday.You,shall,be sorry for what you have done.,When he comes in nobody,shall,say a word.Nothing,shall,stop us from carrying out this plan.,(,允诺,),(,允,),(,警告,),(,命令,),(,决心,),1.It has been announced that candidates(,候选人,)_ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.,A.can B.will C.may D.shall,2.,Excuse me,but I want to use your computer to type a report.,You _ have my computer if you dont take care of it.,A.shant B.might not,C.neednt D.shouldnt,3).,shall,用于,条约，规定，规章,等文件中，表示一种义务，多用于第三人称中。,“The interest,（利益）,_ be divided into five parts,according to the agreement made by both sides.”declared the judge.,A.may B.should C.must D.shall,1.,should=ought to,表示劝告，建议，意为“,应该,”，,ought to,语气更强些，强调“有责任，有义务做”,A:Ill start the work tomorrow.,B:I think you,should,start today.,C:No,you,ought to,start at once.,(,语气更强）,should/ought to,的否定形式表示“,不应该,”,Children,shouldnt,smoke.,Hows your tour around the North Lake?Is it beautiful?,It _ be,but it is now heavily polluted.,will B.would C.should D.must,What time ought I _?,A,arrived B,arriving,C,arrive D,to arrive,He _ speak to his mother like that.,A,ought not to B,doesnt ought to,C,not ought to D,ought to not,2.should,可表示说话人的感情如“惊奇”“愤怒”“失望”“不满”等,.,翻译为“,竟然，居然,”,Idontbelievethatthelittlegirl,should,speak twodifferentlanguages!,我不相信这个小女孩竟然能说两种不同的语言！,I cant believe my eyes.Such well-educated,gentleman _ behave like this!,would B.should C.can D.must,3.,should,表,推测,意为“可能；该”,相当于,be expected to,。往往,指具有一定的客观根据或根据推理对现在某事发生的“可能性”进行描述，语气上不如,must,强。,Mr.Black,must,be home by now.,Mr.Black,ought to/should,be home by now.,布莱克先生现在一定到家了。（肯定）,布莱克先生估计是到家了。（不能肯定）,2.When can I come for the photos?I need them tomorrow afternoon.,They _ be ready by 12,：,00,A,can B,should C,might D,need,3.Its nearly seven oclock,Jack _ be here at any moment,A,must B,need C,should D,can,1.Will Mr.Wang offer us a hand?,He _ be glad to,He never refused our request,A,can B,must C,may D,should,1.,will,作情态动词用时在陈述句中可用各人称作主语,表示其,“意志”“意愿”“决心”,等,.,I,will,never do that again.,I,will,give up smoking.,Dont forget to bring my new books tomorrow afternoon.,No,I,.,A.dont B.cant C.wont D.couldnt,will,和,would,的用法,2.,will,在疑问句中用第二人称作主语,表示说话人向对方,提出请示或询问,.,不如,would,委婉,Will/Would,you pass me the book?,Will,he pay for me?,Would,you like to come with us?,3.,will,有时表示一种习惯动作或状态或自然规律,.(,表示习惯,经常性,倾向性,),惯于,总是,(,会,),终归是,。,Boys,will,be boys.,男孩终归是男孩。,Matches,will not,strike if they are damp.,火柴潮湿就擦不着。,The door _ open.,这门经常打不开。,wont,would,可用于各人称,表示过去时间的,“意志”“愿望”和 决心”,.,2.,would,表示说话人本身的“意志”或向对方提出“请求,.,3.,would,还可以表示过去习惯发生的动作,.,He,used to,take a walk near the forest in the evening,.,（,现在可能散步也可能不散步了）,used to,表示过去常常发生的动作或存在的习惯，但现在已不复存在了。,He,would,take a walk near the forest in the evening,.,（,而现在不散步了）,Ronald _ stay in his small garden for a long time every day in the past.,A.could B.might,C.should D.would,1.,作为情态动词用，常用在否定句和疑问句中。,Dare(need)+S+V,S+darent(neednt)+V,I,darent,walk through the forest at night.,Dare,you walk through the forest at night?,You,neednt,return the book now.,Need,he do it all at once?,可兼做行为动词的情态动词：,need,、,dare,dare,need,的用法,2.,作实义动词用，常用在肯定句中,有人称、时态、和数的变化,He,needs,to go there himself.,He has grown up,we,dont need to,worry,about him.,3.Sth(sb)need(want,require)+doing/to be done,The house,needs,cleaning/to be cleaned,The boy,needs,sending to the hospital at once.,句型,时态,情态动词,dare,实义动词,dare,肯定句,现在时,dare,do,dare/dares to,do,过去时,dared,do,dared,to do,否定句,现在时,darent/,dare not,do,do/does not,dare,(to)do,过去时,dared not,do,did not,dare,(to)do,疑,问,句,现在时,Dare,he do?,Do,you/,Does,he,dare(to),do?,过去时,Dared,he do?,Did,he,dare(to,)do,1.I wonder how he _ that to the teacher.,A.dare to say B.dare saying,C.not dare say D.dared say,2.I wonder how she,the drunken sailor the other day.A.dare fighting off B.dared fight off,C.dare to fight off D.dared fighting off,3.The dog,hibernate(,冬眠,)in winter.A.dont need B.doesnt need to,C.needs not to D.needs not,注意对,need,问句的回答,:,-,Need,I finish the work today?,-Yes,_.,No,_.,No,_.,you must,you neednt,you dont have to,neednt,对其它情态动词的回答,:,-,Shall,I tell John about it?,-No,you _.,-,Must,we do it now?,-No,you _.,neednt,(dont have to),neednt,(dont have to),二,、,情态动词表推测,1.肯定的推测,一般用must,should,may（might）或could（不用can），其中，_的语气最强，译为“肯定”、“准是”、“想必是”；,_的语气次之，译为“很可能”、“应该”，指按常理推测；_的语气最弱，译为“也许”、“可能”。,must,should,may,（,might,），,could,-Are you coming to Jeffs party?,-Im not sure.I _ go to the concert instead.,A.mustB.wouldC.shouldD.might,-Hi,tom.Any idea where,Jane,is?,She _ in the classroom.I saw her just now.,A.shall be B.will be,C.must be D.can be,According to the speed,the car _ arrive at Shanghai before it gets dark.,A.shall B.should C.,can,D.need,注：can,有时也用于肯定句中表示推测，,主要用于表示理论上的可能性,(,即从理论上看是可能的，但实际未必会发生,),，或表示,“,有时,”,之意。,如：,Even experienced teachers can make mistakes.,_,She can be very unpleasant.,_,Food poisoning can cause death.,_,即使是有经验的教师也可能出错。,她有时很令人讨厌。,食物中毒可导致死亡。,Read and translate:,It is usually warm in my hometown in March,but it _ be rather cold sometime.,A.must B.can C.should D.would,Peter _ be really difficult to deal with,at times,even though he,i,s a nice person in general.,A.shall B.should C.can D.must,at times:有时；偶尔,2.,否定推测分为两种情况：,1）,语气不,是,很肯定时，常用,may not,might not,，译为_,2）否定语气较强时，则用_，译为“,根本不可能,”、“,想必不会,”，,可能不、也许不,can,t,M,ale customers_ not like the design of the furniture.,A.must B.shall C.may D.need,Isnt that Anns husband over there?,No,it _ be him Im sure he doesnt wear glasses.,A.cant B.must not,C.wont D.may not,3.,疑问句中的推测，,往往用,can,或,could,。,Mr.Bush is on time for everything.How _ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony,？,A.can B.should,C.may D.must,4.对已发生事情的推测。肯定推测常用“must,may,might+完成式”；,否定和疑问推测常用“can,could,，,may,might+完成式”,。,must have done:_,cant,/couldnt,have done:_,may/might have done:_,想必一定做了某事,不可能做了某事,可能/或许已经,Guess what!I have got A for my term paper.,Great!You _ read widely and put a lot of work into it.,A.mustB.should,C.must have D.should have,My MP4 player isnt in my bag.Where_I have put it?,A.can B.must,C.should D.would,I cant find my purse anywhere.-You _ have lost it while shopping.,A.may B.can C.should D.would,1.must+have+,过去分词，表示现在对,过去,事物的推测。,三,情态动词,+have+P.P.,He,must,have told my parents about it.,他一定把这件事情告诉我父母亲了。,Its six oclock already,we,must,have been late again.,已经六点钟了，我们一定又迟到了,2.cant/couldnt+have+P.P,表示对,过去,某事的,否定,猜测,He,couldnt,have been to that town.,3.may(might)+have+P.P,表示对,过去,事情的猜测,认为某事“,可能,”发生,.(might,比,may,更含蓄,或更不肯定,.),He,may(might),have played electric game on TV the whole night.For he looks very sleepy.,could+have+P.P,a.,表示本来能做得到,但事实上未做到,He,could,have finished the task on time,but the heavy snow came.,can,/,could,+have+P.P,b.,表示对过去事情的推测,(,只用于疑问句,),He didnt come back last night.What,could,have happened to him.,4.should/ought to,+have+P.P.,过去本该做，而事实上却没有做,，表“责备”或“惋惜”,should not /ought not to,+have+P.P.,过去本不该做，而事实上却做了,，表“责备”或“惋惜”,The plant is dead.I,should have given,it more water.,You,should not have left,your baby alone in the house.,5.neednt+have+P.P.,表示,本来不必做，但做了,.,She,need not have attend,the meeting yesterday,but she did.,(,她昨天本不必参加会议，可她参加了,.),1,.The river is rising.It _last night.,must be raining,B.must rain,C.might have rained,D.must have rained,2.I didnt hear the phone.I _asleep,A.must be B.must have been,C.should be D.should have been,3.,-There were already five people in the car,but they managed to take me as well.,-It _a comfortable journey,A.cant be,B.shouldnt be,C.mustnt have been,D.couldnt have been,4.,You,yesterday if you were really serious about your work.A.ought to come,B.ought to be comingC.ought to have come D.ought have come,5.,You _ all these,boxes,yourself.The shop would have delivered them if you had asked a shop assistant.,A.didnt need to carry,B.neednt have carried,C.neednt carry,D.didnt need carry,6.,Mr.White _ at 8:30 for the meeting,but he didnt show up.,A.should have arrived,B.should arrive,C.should have had arrived,D.should be arriving,7.,Ill tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.,You _ her last week.,A.ought to tell B.would have told,C.must tell D.should have told,Practice,1.Helen _ go on the trip with us,but she isnt quite sure yet.,A.shall B.must C.may D.can,2.-Ive taken someone elses green sweater by mistake.,-It _ Harrys.He always wears green.,has to be B.will be,C.mustnt be D.could be,3.You might just as well tell the manufacturer that male customers_ not like the design of the furniture.,A.must B.shall C.may D.need,4.Children under 12 years of age in that country_ be under adult supervision when in a public library.,A.must B.may C.can D.need,5.The interest _ be divided into five parts,according to the agreement made by both sides,declared the judge.,A.may B.should C.must D.shall,6.I _ pay Tom a visit,but Im not sure whether I will have time this Sunday.,A.should B.might C.would D.could,7.-I dont mind telling you what I know.,-You _.Im not asking you for it.,A.mustnt B.may not C.cant D.neednt,8.-Excuse me,but I want to use your computer to type a report.,-You_ have my computer if you dont take care of it.,A.shant B.might not,C.neednt D.shouldnt,9.-Excuse me.Is that the right way to the Summer Palace?,-Sorry,Im not sure,but it _ be.,A.might B.will C.must D.can,10.I often see lights in that empty house.Do you think I _report it to the police?,A.should B.may C.will D.can,11.You _ be tired-youve only been working for an hour.,A.must not B.wont C.cant D.may not,12.-Who is the girl standing over there?,-Well,if you _ know,her name is Mabel.,A.may B.can C.must D.shall,13.There_ be any difficulty in passing the road test since you have practised a lot in the driving school.,A.mustnt B.shant,C.shouldnt D.neednt,14.-Lucy doesnt mind lending you her dictionary.,-She _.Ive already borrowed one.,A.cant B.mustnt,C.neednt D.shouldnt,15.He _ have completed his work;otherwise,he wouldnt be enjoying himself by the seaside.,A.should B.must C.wouldnt D.cant,16.I _ have been more than six years old when the accident happened.,A.shouldnt B.couldnt,C.mustnt D.neednt,17.This cake is very sweet.You _ a lot of sugar in it.,A.should put B.could have put,C.might put D.must have put,18.He paid for a seat,when he _ have entered free.,A.could B.would C.must D.need,19.I was on the highway when his car went past followed by a police car.They _ at least 150 kilometers an hour.,should have been doing,B.must have been,C.could have done D.would have done,20.-Tom is never late for work.Why is he absent today?-Something _ to him.,A.must happen B.should have happened,C.could have happened D.must have happened,21.-Do you know where David is?I couldnt find him anywhere.,-Well.He _ have gone far-his coat is still here.,A.shouldnt B.mustnt,C.cant D.wouldnt,22.-Catherine,I have cleaned the room for you.,-Thanks.You _ it.I could manage it myself.,A.neednt do B.neednt have done,C.mustnt do D.shouldnt have done,23.-The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned.,-Oh,dear!She _ a lot of difficulties!,A.may go though B.might go through,C.ought to have gone through,D.must have gone though,