英汉互译练习.doc

翻译练习
第一部分 句子翻译
1. 选词
(1) In every Chinese city, we got into the streets, shops, parks, theatres, and restaurants.
(2) The levels of voltage, current, and power are, on their own, not sufficient for demarcation.
(3) Mr. Collins seemed likely to sink into insignificance; to the young ladies he certainly was nothing.
(4) As he said this, she could easily see that he had no doubt of a favorable answer. He spoke of apprehension and anxiety, but his countenance expressed real security.
(5) I was in several minds how to dress myself on the important day, being divided between my desire to appear to advantage, and my apprehensions of putting on anything that might impair my severely practical character in the eyes of the Misses Spenlow.
(6) She watched him grow and develop day by day and it was a never-ending wonder as he began to walk and talk and reason.
(7) Sorrow came -- a gentle sorrow -- but not at all in the shape of any disagreeable consciousness -- Miss Taylor married. It was Miss Taylor's loss which first brought grief. It was on the wedding-day of this beloved friend that Emma first sat in mournful thought of any continuance.
(8) Della finished her cry and attended to her cheeks with the powder rag.
(9) Twenty dollars a week doesn't go far. Expenses had been greater than she had calculated.
(10) Don't expect comfort. You've just got to be thankful if we get a bed to sleep on and a roof over our heads.
(11) In practice, the selected interval thickness is usually a compromise between the need for a thin interval to maximize the resolution and a thick interval to minimize error.
(12) Among the most productive contributions the broader international community can now make to rebuilding economic strength in East Asia is to assist these countries to develop their economic and financial policy, management and governance capacities.
(13) When the history of the Nixon Administration finally written, the chances are that his Chinese policy will stand out as a model of common sense and good diplomacy.
(14) The issue of insanity as a defense in criminal cases is at the interface of medicine, law and ethics.
(15) I think your suggestion will work.
(16) The frontier forces had to operate against the invaders.
(17) The simplest way to succeed in business is to buy low and sell high.
(18) We express our gratitude for the outstanding and challenging speech of Mr. Smith.
(19) As a demanding boss, he expected total loyalty and dedication from his employees.
(20) The show ran 120 performances.
(21) 如在解释上遇有分歧，应以英文本为准。
(22) 除法律或外界条件不允许的情况之外，承包商应严格按合同施工和竣工，并改正工作中的任何缺陷，达到工程师满意的程度。
(23) 虽然不能说只要努力就一定会成功，但努力是决不会完全白费的。
(24) 她既不当面恭维人家，也不背后说人坏话。从这两点来说她是值得称赞的。
(25) 中国人口的80%在农村，如果不解决80%的人的生活问题，社会就不会是安定的。
(26) 这手表是两年前在瑞士买的。走得很准，从来没有快过或慢过。
(27) 互相尊重的精神是我们今天文化合作的基础。
(28) 他确实是个急性子。
(29) 我会重新考虑我的结论。
(30) 人们都在讲南北问题很突出，我看这个问题就是发展问题。

2. 替换
(1) Her well-remembered cable of dark-brown hair was partially coiled up in a mass at the back of her head, and partly hanging on her shoulder, the evident result of haste. (词性转换)
(2) A study of the letter leaves us in no doubt as to the motives behind it. (词转换性)
(3) The warmth of the summer months, the amount of rainfall and the gentle slopes of the land have made settlement and cultivation possible over large parts of the continent.(词性转换，结构转换)
(4) His weariness and increasing heat determined him to sit down in the first convenient shade. (词性转换，结构转换)
(5) Independent observers have commented favorably on the achievements you have made in this direction. (词性转换)
(6) No wonder that the sight of it should send the memories of quite a number of people of the old generation back 36 years ago. (词性转换)
(7) Ideally, one day, researchers will know enough about the genesis of earthquakes and the nature of particular faults to predict quakes directly. (词性转换)
(8) Millions of the people in the mountainous areas are finally off poverty. (词性转换)
(9) Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.(语态转换，变被动句为主动句即被动隐含句)
(10) In case it is necessary, a great part of the heat developed due to friction may be carried off by means of circulating water or air blasts. (语态转换，利用”把”字句)
(11) The opportunities for the future are virtually unlimited, as long as competition in the software industry is strong. (语态转换，利用”是”字句)
(12) The oldest Oxford racket had been elbowed out by the black markets in Woodbines, toffees, tomatoes. (语态转换，结构、成份转换)
(13) You don't grow the grain you eat and you don't make the clothes you wear. (表达方式转换)
(14) Petra had become the leader of the girls as soon as she snapped out of her original depression at coming to Prague. (表达方式转换)
(15) Bitterness fed on the man who had made the world laugh. (表达方式转换)
(16) If children are so well able to learn their mother tongue, it is precisely because they plunge themselves into the sea of language instead of reading a few textbooks only. (逻辑关系转换)
(17) You can mass-produce … incredible quantities of facts and figures. You cannot mass-produce knowledge, which is created by individual minds, drawing on individual experience, separating the significant from the irrelevant. (逻辑关系转换)
(18) It is a good workman that never blunders.(正反说法转换)
(19) Keep off the lawn! (正反说法转换)
(20) The Craustons and the Finchleys were in the main a thorn in the flesh of the remainder of the elite of Kycurgus—too showy and too aggressive.(成语翻译：语义替换)
(21) 他长期以来习惯于在最后一分钟作出决定。(词性转换)
(22) 这份报纸的社论说，拒不解决夫妻分居两地的问题，是同中央的精神背道而驰的。(词性转换)
(23) 我今天所说的话不足以表达我内心的情感。(词性转换)
(24) 我既不喝酒，也不抽烟。(词性转换)
(25) 他酷爱古典音乐。(词性转换)
(26) 越南战争不断地消耗着美国的资源。(词性转换)
(27) 只有认识落后，才能改变落后。(语态转换)
(28) 用机械加工方法，特别是磨削方法，可以获得最佳表面光洁度。(语态转换)
(29) 语言这东西，不是随便可以学好的，非下苦功夫不可。(表达方式转换)
(30) 不搞改革，不坚持开放政策，我们制定的战略目标就不可能实现。(表达方式转换)
(31) 他从容不迫，和蔼可亲。(表达方式转换)
(32) 现在，人们已经明白，如果食物中缺少了一些重要成分，即使其中不含有任何有害物质，也会引起严重疾病。(表达方式转换)
(33) 该厂产品的主要特点是工艺精湛，经久耐用。(词性转换，表达方式转换)
(34) 中国人民正在中国共产党的领导下，团结一致地进行着伟大的社会主义建设。(表达方式转换)
(35) 生活中既有悲剧，文学作品就可以写悲剧。(表达方式转换)
(36) 她，一个瘦弱多病的女孩子，以坚强的毅力写出了一部部催人奋进的小说。(表达方式转换)
(37) 他决不会说这样的话。(正反说法转换)
(38) 使我们失望的是他不顾大局。(正反说法转换)
(39) 只有大胆地、破釜沉舟地跟他们拼，还许有翻身的那一天。(成语替代)
(40) 打狗看主面。反正不想多和朱延年往来了，但是，还有徐义德哩，他可是台面上的人物啊。(成语替代)

3. 增减
(1) She had treated him with interest, with encouragement, with malice, with indifference, with contempt. (逻辑增词)
(2) A nearby object falling into a black hole is never heard from again. (表达增词)
(3) Richmond Park was full of reminiscences, many going back to early childhood. (语义增词)
(4) She had beckoned him and yawned at him and beckoned him again and he had responded often with bitterness and narrowed eyes. (语义增词)
(5) Suddenly an idea mingled with the alcoholic fumes that distributed his brain. It was apparently of a jocular nature, for he felt impelled to slap his leg again and cram his fist into mouth. (语义增词)
(6) As historians thus came to know more about these collections they applied to their owners for permission to work in them, not always successfully. (逻辑增词)
(7) To help myself live without fault, I made a list of what I considered the 13 virtues. These virtues are (1) Temperance, (2) Self-control, (3) Silence, (4) Order, (5) Firmness, (6) Saving, (7) Industry, (8) Honesty, (9) Justice, (10) Cleanliness, (11) Calmness, (12) Morality, (13) Humbleness. (语义增词，表达增词)
(8) I looked about me. Rain, wind, and darkness filled the air; nevertheless, I dimly discerned a wall before me and a door open in it. (语义增词)
(9) Courage in excess becomes foolhardiness, affection weakness, thrift avarice. (句法增词)
(10) One interesting study was successfully done with chimps. Six chimps were trained to operate a special vending machine. One ripe grape came out for each while token put into the slot. (表达增词/增加量词)
(11) -- observing the deer as their behavior changed from more activity in summer and fall to less as winter progressed, followed by an increase again in the spring as the snow melted. (语义增词)
(12) Earl and I decided to walk our dog. Somehow our path took us toward the park, across the footbridge high above the rolling waters of the Los Angeles River. It is like a dream to me now, floating through my mind in slow motion. Many children were playing close to the waters. (语义增词)
(13) With this in mind, he decided to revive scholasticism as an academic lark to challenge the Sputnik-panicked classrooms of America. (语义增词)
(14) This power is strong enough to shatter complacency. (语义增词)
(15) Spring has so much more than speech in its unfolding flowers and leaves and the coursing of its streams, and in its sweet restless seeking! (语义增词)
(16) A soldier must obey orders. (省略冠词)
(17) When the pressure gets low, the boiling point becomes low. (省略动词)
(18) Never trouble yourself with trouble till trouble troubles you. (省略名词)
(19) Where there is a will, there is a way.(省略连词)
(20) The joint decision to build the Tunnel was announced by President Francois Mitterrand and Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher in a ceremony at Lille on 21 January. (省略介词)
(21) 请在5号前通知我下星期六你是否出席为我们前任校长举行的欢送会。(增加介词短语)
(22) 学而时习之，不亦悦乎？有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？(增加形容词、副词和介词短语)
(23) 虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。（增加连词）
(24)  结婚大办酒席，实在可以免去了。（增加概括性词语）
(25) 这个小男孩饭前总要洗手，然后用餐巾纸擦干。（增加物主代词，连词和宾语）
(26) 老虎和猫同科。（增加冠词）
(27) 我不觉得用英语与外国人交谈有什么困难。（增加形式宾语it）
(28)  不入虎穴，焉得虎子。（增加主语和表示条件的连词）
(29)  我们说，长征是历史记录上的第一次，长征是宣言书，长征是宣传队，长征是播种机。（省略名词）
(30) 他连续讲了两小时的法语，没有出现任何的错误。（省略动词）
(31)  学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。（省略连词）
(32) 问今是何世，乃不知有汉，无论魏晋。（省略助词）
(33)  生活在四川的十几个民族，各有不同的文化和风俗，成为巴蜀歌舞取之不尽，用之不竭的创作源泉。（省略意义重复的词语）
(34) 她的朋友们听到她家中的困难情况后，都主动伸出援助之手。（省略范畴词语）
(35) 人非圣贤，孰能无过。过而改之，善莫大焉。(将原文某些词语隐入译文深层)
(36) 她父亲是一位有名望的教授，但我没有从他父亲身上看到故作姿态的学者派头。(将原文某些词语隐入译文深层)
(37) 大家都被他那种吹毛求疵的做法激怒了。(省略动词)
(38) 药理学家们正在认真研究这种药的过敏反应。（省略范畴词语）
(39) 你应该改掉你那种蛮干作风。（省略范畴词语）
(40) 那所大学里的学生任何越轨行为都受到了处罚。（省略范畴词语）

4. 伸缩
(1) There is no provocation for such an angry letter.
(2) Fatty’s Restaurant had become an institution in his life in the last seven years
(3) The trunk was big and awkward and loaded with books. But his case was a different proposition.
(4) The invention of machinery had brought into the world a new era -- the Industrial Age. Money had become King.
(5) The wedding, which Heyward still remembered with pride, was attended by a Who’s Who of Boston Society.
(6) Brain drain has been Egypt’s Number One concern -- as a matter of fact it has become an epidemic in that area of the world.
(7) Saudi Arabia has had problems with Iraq and South Yemen but he tried hard to remain in touch with leaders of both states.
(8) The US bureaucracy has somehow managed to survive two centuries of tinkering by members of Congress and often hyperactive presidents.
(9) Nancy Seaver was a fixture at Mets games in her school days.
(10) Teachers are always complaining that monitors are not as helpful as they used to be as a result of peer pressure.
(11)一日，他正和秦老坐着，外边走进一个人来，头带瓦楞帽，身穿青布衣服。
(12)其他条件相同，铁比铝热得快。
(13)硬金属可以很容易用砂轮磨削。
(14)为防止人畜触电，高压电一般采用高架线传送。
(15)心脏是人体最重要的器官，如果它停止跳动，死亡随之即来。
(16)正是男性的精子决定受精卵发育成男孩或女孩。
(17)防盗报警器是一种能在小偷行窃时发出警报的装置。
(18)铸造是把原材料加工成成品的最简便方法。
(19)显然，对于那些因妻子的生理问题不能生育的夫妇来说，“试管”婴儿是一种补救办法。
(20)遇到花明柳媚的时节，把一乘牛车载了母亲，他便戴了高帽，穿了阔衣，执着鞭子，嘴里唱着山歌，在乡村镇上，以及湖边到处玩耍，惹的乡下孩子们三五成群跟着他笑，他也不放在意下。

5. 分合
(1) Our little romantic friend formed visions of future for herself. (切分单词)
(2) There is in his study a considerable provision of works of light literature of the 19th century, both in the English and French languages. (切分单词)
(3) The Chinese seemed justifiably proud of their economic achievements. (切分单词)
(4) He had left a note of welcome for me, as sunny as his face. (切分词组)
(5) The Congressman tends to be very interested in public works-such as new government buildings, water projects, military bases -- that will bring money to the area or improve living conditions. (切分词组)
(6) Daybreak comes with thick mist and drizzle. (切分单句)
(7) Helen March picked up the telephone seconds after the first ring and sounded puzzled when Alan asked for Joan. (切分复句)
(8) This suggestion was made today by the influential New York Times which predicted a 'change of topic' at the forthcoming meeting, with emphasis shifting from armament limitation to human rights. (切分复句)
(9) Sometimes Mrs. Cross would be walking around in the big kitchen watching him eat. (切分单句)
(10)The dust, the uproar and the growing dark threw everything into chaos.(切分单句)
(11)Careful cyclists are in less danger than is commonly believed. (切分单句)
(12)His weariness and the increasing heat determined him to sit down in the first convenient shade. (切分单句)
(13)To allay the public alarm, General Howe issued a proclamation on the 27th, promising the strictest regularity and order on the part of his army, with security of person and property to all who remained quietly at home, and pardon to those under arms who would promptly return to their obedience.(切分长句)
(14)The big question of China's goal in Korea and the bigger question of how far it will go to achieve it will be answered within two weeks. (切分长句)
(15) His father had a small business in the city of Pisa. This city is in the north of Italy near the sea. (相邻单句合并)
(16) Home after seven years. Home. The word had meant so much to him.. (相邻单句合并)
(17) He was very clean. His mind was open. (相邻单句合并)
(18)She is very busy at home. She has to take care of the children and do the kitchen work. (相邻单句合并)
(19) When I negotiate, I get nervous. When I get nervous, I eat.(主从复合句合并)
(20)When we praise the Chinese leadership and the people, we are not merely being polite. (主从复合句合并)
(21)天气寒冷，河水都结冰了。(合并)
(22)理论必须密切联系实际，这是我们应当牢记的一条原则。(合并)
(23)他在战斗中表现突出，受到连长的表扬。(合并)
(24)看门人惊呆了，喘着粗气，摇摇晃晃地走下楼梯。(合并)
(25)还是热，心里可镇定多了。凉风，即使是一点点，给了人们许多希望。(合并)
(26)人民的觉悟是不容易的，要去掉人民头脑中的错误思想，需要我们做很多切切实实的工作。(分译)
(27)我们的目的一定要达到，我们的目的一定能够达到。(分译)
(28)我们的革命已经获得全世界广大人民的同情和欢呼，我们的朋友遍布全世界。(分译)
(29) 我们恢复和采取这些贸易方式的原因很简单：我们出口商品就是为了我们国外客户消费方面的需要。(分译)
(30)这次大会充分发扬了民主，大家心情舒畅，生动活泼；真正开成了一个团结的大会，胜利的大会。(分译)

6. 译借
(1) Assuming you find hair transplants as distasteful as we do, the best bet is Rogaine (minoxidil), Propecia (finasteride), or both. (移植)
(2) 以华人传统把“福”字倒过来贴来说：对中华文化有认识的人一看便知道是“福到”的意思。(移植)
(3) The third floor housed a sauna, a massage parlor, and a mixed-gender bathhouse.(音译)
(4) Pizza came to the U.S. with Italian immigrants; the first U.S. pizzeria opened in 1905, and pizza became one of the nation's favourite foods after World War II. It is now popular worldwide. (音译)
(5) During the year, following careful evaluation, the Group has terminated the licensing agreements with the licensors of Japanese cartoon characters “Doraemon” and “Sanrio”, and shifted the focus of this division from being a licensee to becoming a licensor to capitalise on the Group’s own brand “Robbi the bunny”.(移植+音译)
(6) Nylon is made from air, coal and water.(音译)
(7) Illegal street heroin is usually only 2-5% pure; unwitting injection of relatively pure heroin is a major cause of overdose, resulting in depressed respiration, coma, and death. (音译)
(8) 中国旗袍，雍容华丽。(音译)
(9) 他能凭经验预测出台风。(音译)
(10) "你后日也不必来，你要心中不安，你今日就给我磕了头