RO反渗透系统技术培训.pptx

简介：膜简介：膜/反渗透反渗透 及其应用及其应用An INTRODUCTION TOMEMEBRANE/REVERSE OSMOSIS&ITS BEST PRACTICE（交叉流交叉流/膜膜）过滤方法）过滤方法Cross Flow Filtration Methods微微过滤过滤Microfiltration超滤超滤Ultrafiltration超微超微过滤过滤 Nanofiltration反渗透反渗透Reverse Osmosis范围范围宏宏分子分子Macro molecular分子分子Molecular次次分子分子Sub molecular离子离子Ionic颗粒大小颗粒大小Particle size1.0-0.1 m mm0.1-0.01 m mm0.01-0.001 m mm100,00010,000-100,000200-20,000300操作压操作压OperatingPressure10 psig10-100 psig200-250 psig200-800 psigPretreatmentNeeds预处理需要预处理需要LowMediumHighHigh投资成本投资成本Capital CostLowMediumHighHigh 膜构造膜构造 Membrane Configurations螺旋口 Spiral Wound中空纤维 Hollow Fiber管状 Tubular膜系统膜系统 Membrane System反渗透反渗透 Reverse OsmosisP1WaterStrongSolutionH2OH2OH2O渗透过程渗透过程渗透过程渗透过程/工艺工艺工艺工艺WaterStrongSolutionH2OH2OH2O反渗透过程反渗透过程反渗透过程反渗透过程/工艺工艺工艺工艺P2术语表术语表 Glossary of Terms Concentrate or reject 浓缩 或 损失/未渗 透Permeate or product 渗透 或 产物Percent recovery 回收率Percent salt rejection 盐损率/抗盐率反渗透基理反渗透基理反渗透基理反渗透基理进水进水进水进水FEEDWATERFEEDWATER100 gpm100 gpm600 ppm TDS600 ppm TDS渗透渗透渗透渗透PERMEATEPERMEATE75 gpm75 gpm30 ppm TDS30 ppm TDS5%5%盐通过盐通过盐通过盐通过 Salt PassageSalt Passage75%75%回收回收回收回收 Recovery Recovery未渗透未渗透未渗透未渗透REJECTREJECT95%95%盐损盐损盐损盐损 Salt Rejection Salt Rejection25 gpm25 gpm2310 ppm TDS2310 ppm TDS25%Reject25%Reject两步骤两步骤 RO系统系统 Two-Stage RO System 元件元件元件元件 ELEMENTS ELEMENTS进水进水进水进水FEEDFEED渗透渗透渗透渗透PERMEATEPERMEATE高压泵高压泵高压泵高压泵HIGHHIGHPRESSUREPRESSUREPUMPPUMPTRAIN#1TRAIN#1TRAIN#2TRAIN#2容器容器容器容器 VESSEL VESSEL2:1 2:1 排列排列排列排列ARRAYARRAY进水进水进水进水FEEDFEEDREJECTREJECTREJECTREJECT渗透渗透渗透渗透 PERMEATE PERMEATE第一步第一步第一步第一步1st STAGE1st STAGE第二步第二步第二步第二步2nd STAGE2nd STAGEREJECTREJECTRO RO 设备设备设备设备 Typical RO Machine Typical RO Machine膜对比膜对比 Membrane Comparisons醋酸纤维素醋酸纤维素Cellulose acetate薄膜合成薄膜合成Thin film compositePH范围范围Typical pH range5.0-6.52.0-11.0平均未渗透率平均未渗透率Average%rejection95%99%微生物病体微生物病体 Microbio susceptibilityYesNo温度限制温度限制Temperature limit35 C45 C氯氯承受力承受力Chlorine tolerance ExcellentPoor操作压操作压Typical operatingpressure400 psig200 psig离子通过离子通过 Typical Passage of Ions*TFC element rated for a*TFC element rated for a 95%95%NaCl rejection NaCl rejection RO的优势的优势What Are the Advantages of RO?去除非离子杂质和溶解的固体（如：有机物，无水硅酸，细菌）Removes nonionic impurities and dissolved solids(i.e.organics,silica,bacteria)减少了危险的化学品存储和与离子交换相关的操Reduction of hazardous chemical storage and handling associated with ion exchange减少了离子交换系统的装载 Reduces loading on ion exchange systems:延长运行周期 Extends run lengths延长树脂寿命 Extends resin life降低操作成本 Reduces operating costsRO的劣势的劣势What Are the Disadvantages of RO?25%的进水未被渗透 25%of feed stream is rejected渗透的5%TDS 对HP锅炉不足 5%TDS in permeate inadequate for HP boilers最终过滤器易被堵塞 Ultimate filter which is easily fouled:-提高操作成本 Increasing operating costs-降低树脂寿命 Reducing membrane life操作成本细分操作成本细分 Typical Operating Cost Breakdown膜更换费膜更换费MembraneReplacement 31%化学药品费用化学药品费用Chemicals17%人工费人工费Labor 15%过滤器更换费过滤器更换费Filter Replacement3%其它其它7%电费电费27%反渗透膜的问题反渗透膜的问题 RO Membrane ProblemsFouling 污垢 微生物，残渣/泥沙，脏物，有机物，金属氧化物Microbio,silt,crud,organics,metal oxidesScaling 水锈天然盐 Mineral salts无水硅酸 Silica水解和降解 Hydrolysis or DegradationpH,Temperature,oxidants,biodegradation离子污垢离子污垢 Iron Fouling 微生物污垢微生物污垢微生物污垢微生物污垢 Microbiological Fouling Microbiological Fouling无水硅酸污垢无水硅酸污垢 Silica Fouling矿物水锈矿物水锈 Mineral Scale膜膜退化退化/降解降解 Membrane Degradation 膜问题造成的结果膜问题造成的结果 Results of Membrane Problems水质降低 Reduced water quality运行周期缩短 Shorter run lengths提早更换膜 Premature membrane replacement运行成本提高 Higher operating costs 厂商要求厂商要求 Typical Manufacturers RequirementsNS-Not SpecifiedNS-Not Specified 膜的水解因素膜的水解因素膜的水解因素膜的水解因素 Hydrolysis Factors of RO MembranesHydrolysis Factors of RO Membranes CA MEMBRANESCA MEMBRANES 微生物生长率微生物生长率微生物生长率微生物生长率Microbio growth presentMicrobio growth present pH levels 5.0-6.5 pH levels 5.0-6.5 温度温度温度温度 Temperatures 35 Temperatures 35 o oC C Exposed to direct sunlight Exposed to direct sunlight TFC MEMBRANESTFC MEMBRANES 进水中的氧化剂Oxidants in feedwater(i.e.ClOxidants in feedwater(i.e.Cl2 2,Ozone),Ozone)进水中的游离氯进水中的游离氯进水中的游离氯进水中的游离氯 0.010.01 ppm ppm Free chlorine in feedwaterFree chlorine in feedwater 温度温度温度温度 Temperatures 45 Temperatures 0 in reject防水锈剂Up to LSI index=+2.3CaSO4Ca2+SO42-1000 ppm in reject防水锈剂3x 溶解度Up to 3x solubility limitBaSO4Ba2+0.2 ppm in feed防水锈剂Up to 11x solubility limitFe Fe2+0.1 ppm in feed防水锈剂Up to 5x solubility limit无水硅酸SilicaSiO2120 ppm in reject防水锈剂Up to 250 ppm in reject微生物Microbio进水中细菌棒量Bacteria level104 CFU/cm2 in feed生物杀灭剂 BiocideUp to 106 CFU/cm2RO系统控制系统控制 RO System Monitoring预处理控制 Pretreatment monitoring残渣密度（SDI），混浊，pH，氧化剂 Silt Density(SDI),Turbidity,pH,oxidants温度、压力、TDSTemperature,pressure,TDS污垢物质（细菌、金属、硬度、无水硅酸）Foulants(bacteria,metals,hardness,silica)运行控制 Performance monitoring抗盐率/盐损率 Percent salt rejection正常化渗透流速 Normalized permeate flowrate压差 Differential pressure进水流速 Feedwater flowrate日常操作和运行参数日常操作和运行参数日常操作和运行参数日常操作和运行参数Daily Operation&Performance ParametersDaily Operation&Performance Parameters日期日期日期日期 Date Date操作员名字操作员名字操作员名字操作员名字 Operators initials Operators initials进水进水进水进水SDI SDI Feedwater silt density index(SDI)Feedwater silt density index(SDI)进水混浊进水混浊进水混浊进水混浊 Feedwater turbidity Feedwater turbidity进水温度进水温度进水温度进水温度 Feedwater temperature Feedwater temperature进水温度校正因素进水温度校正因素进水温度校正因素进水温度校正因素Feedwater temperature correction factorFeedwater temperature correction factor进水的进水的进水的进水的pHpH值值值值 Feedwater pH Feedwater pH氧化剂浓度（如氧化剂浓度（如氧化剂浓度（如氧化剂浓度（如:Cl,:Cl,消毒杀菌剂）消毒杀菌剂）消毒杀菌剂）消毒杀菌剂）Oxidant concentration(i.e.Cl,sanitizer)Oxidant concentration(i.e.Cl,sanitizer)进水传导性或进水传导性或进水传导性或进水传导性或TDSTDSFeedwater conductivity or TDSFeedwater conductivity or TDS渗透水传导性或渗透水传导性或渗透水传导性或渗透水传导性或TDSTDSPermeate conductivity or TDSPermeate conductivity or TDS未渗透水传导性或未渗透水传导性或未渗透水传导性或未渗透水传导性或TDSTDSReject conductivity or TDSReject conductivity or TDS抗盐率抗盐率抗盐率抗盐率(计算的计算的计算的计算的)Percent salt rejection(calculated)Percent salt rejection(calculated)进水进水进水进水(膜膜膜膜)压力压力压力压力 Feed(membrane)pressure Feed(membrane)pressure渗透水压力渗透水压力渗透水压力渗透水压力 Permeate pressure Permeate pressure未渗透水压力未渗透水压力未渗透水压力未渗透水压力 Reject pressure Reject pressure净压差净压差净压差净压差(计算的计算的计算的计算的)Net differential pressure(calculated)Net differential pressure(calculated)净推动压净推动压净推动压净推动压 Net driving pressure Net driving pressure进水流速进水流速进水流速进水流速 Feedwater flowrate Feedwater flowrate渗透水流速渗透水流速渗透水流速渗透水流速 Permeate flowrate Permeate flowrate未渗透水流速未渗透水流速未渗透水流速未渗透水流速 Reject flowrate Reject flowrate正常化渗透流速（计算的）正常化渗透流速（计算的）正常化渗透流速（计算的）正常化渗透流速（计算的）Normalized permeate flowrate(calculated)Normalized permeate flowrate(calculated)回收率回收率回收率回收率(计算的计算的计算的计算的)Percent recovery(calculated)Percent recovery(calculated)关键参数位置关键参数位置 Location of Key ParametersLocation of Key ParametersRORO膜膜膜膜 MEMBRANE MEMBRANEPERMEATEPERMEATEREJECTREJECT高压泵高压泵高压泵高压泵 HIGH HIGHPRESSUREPRESSUREPUMPPUMP进水进水进水进水FEEDWATERFEEDWATERSDI,FeedSDI,FeedPressurePressureFeed Flow Rate,pH,Feed Flow Rate,pH,Conductivity,Turbidity,Conductivity,Turbidity,Temperature,and BiocideTemperature,and Biocide(TFC elements)(TFC elements)Reject Reject PressurePressureReject Flow Rate,Conductivity Permeate Flow Rate,Permeate Flow Rate,Conductivity,PermeateConductivity,Permeate Pressure,and Biocide Pressure,and Biocide(CA and TFC elements)(CA and TFC elements)控制工具的位置控制工具的位置控制工具的位置控制工具的位置 Location of Key Monitoring ToolsLocation of Key Monitoring ToolsRO UNITSRO UNITS离子交换离子交换离子交换离子交换ION EXCHANGEION EXCHANGE锅炉锅炉锅炉锅炉 BOILERS BOILERS进水进水进水进水 FEEDWATER FEEDWATER筒式过滤器筒式过滤器筒式过滤器筒式过滤器CARTRIDGECARTRIDGEFILTERSFILTERS沙过滤器沙过滤器沙过滤器沙过滤器SAND FILTERSSAND FILTERSORPORPORP颗粒控制颗粒控制颗粒控制颗粒控制PARTICLEPARTICLEMONITORMONITOR残余聚合体残余聚合体残余聚合体残余聚合体测试测试测试测试 RESIDUALRESIDUALPOLYMERPOLYMERTESTTESTSDISDIRO UNITSRO UNITS离子交换离子交换离子交换离子交换ION EXCHANGEION EXCHANGE锅炉锅炉锅炉锅炉 BOILERS BOILERS进水进水进水进水FEEDWATERFEEDWATERCARTRIDGECARTRIDGEFILTERSFILTERSCIPCIPSKIDSKIDCLEANERSCLEANERS进消毒杀菌剂进消毒杀菌剂进消毒杀菌剂进消毒杀菌剂SANITIZER FEEDSANITIZER FEED进氯进氯进氯进氯 CHLORINE CHLORINEFEEDFEED进聚合体进聚合体进聚合体进聚合体OLYMER FEEDOLYMER FEED进酸性亚硫酸盐进酸性亚硫酸盐进酸性亚硫酸盐进酸性亚硫酸盐BISULFITEBISULFITEFEEDFEEDSAND SAND FILTERSFILTERSACIDACIDFEEDFEED进防水锈剂进防水锈剂进防水锈剂进防水锈剂/防垢剂防垢剂防垢剂防垢剂 /ANTISCALANT/ANTISCALANT/ANTIFOULANTANTIFOULANTFEEDFEED*SECONDARY*SECONDARYPRIMARYPRIMARY*SECONDARY*SECONDARY*当进水中离子水平当进水中离子水平0.5ppm时推荐第二进水点时推荐第二进水点 Secondary feed points are recommended when iron levels 0.5 ppm in feedPRIMARYPRIMARY第一、第二进水点的位置第一、第二进水点的位置第一、第二进水点的位置第一、第二进水点的位置Location of Primary and Secondary Feed PointsLocation of Primary and Secondary Feed Points原始数据原始数据原始数据原始数据 比比比比 正常化后的数据正常化后的数据正常化后的数据正常化后的数据Raw Data vs.Normalized DataRaw Data vs.Normalized Data趋向数据趋向数据趋向数据趋向数据 Trending Data Trending Data解决解决RO系统故障系统故障Troubleshooting an RO System检查预处理控制系统 Check pretreatment monitoring system检查仪表，校正 Check instrument calibration for accuracy隔离RO问题部分 Isolate the location of problem RO elements寻找性能失误的可能原因Investigate possible causes of performance loss控制运行，保证问题解决 Monitor performance to assure problem is fixed 1/4”1/4”聚丙烯管聚丙烯管聚丙烯管聚丙烯管TubingTubingRORO容器包括容器包括容器包括容器包括6 6个个个个 Elements Elements探视探视RO容器容器 Probing an RO VesselProbing an RO Vessel可采用的服务或工具可采用的服务或工具Services&Tools Available降低能源,人工和清洁费用降低能源,人工和清洁费用降低能源,人工和清洁费用降低能显示目录,人工和清洁费用服务服务/工具工具特点特点 FEATURES带给客户的价值带给客户的价值 VALUE TO CUSTOMER颗粒控制器Particle Monitor 识别固体悬浮物 相对SDI更易使用 降低膜更换费用ORP 优化亚硫酸盐的使用 查探渗透水中的消毒杀菌剂 降低化学物处理费用 降低IE树脂更换费用水分析水分析 Water Analysis 识别潜在污垢物质(Fe,Ba,Ca,bio,有机物质)降低膜更换费用Sacrificial Membrane 识别水锈物和污垢物 使用低成本膜 降低膜更换费用RO Test Skid 评估 chemical programs 进行pilot trials 降低化学物处理费用 降低/避免资产成本 capital costs咨询咨询/检测检测Consulting/Inspections 确认问题起因 识查新机会 降低运行成本 提高生产力,缩短停工期膜剖析膜剖析 Membrane Autopsy 识别水锈物和污垢物(Fe,Ba,Ca,bio,有机物质)降低膜更换费用污染位置和影响污染位置和影响 Fouling Location&Impact 位置位置 Location of Fouling in RO plants Fouling Where does it occur first Scaling/silica Last membranes in last stage Metal oxides First membranes of first stage Colloids First membranes of first stage Organic First membranes of first stage Biofouling(rapid)First membranes of first stage (slow)Throughout the whole installation 根据对运行的影响识别污染根据对运行的影响识别污染 Identifying fouling by impact on performance Fouling Normalized Flux Pressure Drop Salt Passage Where Scaling End Metal oxides Front Colloids/silica Front/End Organic Front Biofouling Front 使用运行变量使用运行变量 Using the Performance Variables清洁RO系统的时间：Time to clean the RO system when:降低10-15%的正常化后渗透水的流速（运行的前200个小时后）10-15%decrease in normalized permeate flowrate(after first 200 hours of operation),or降低1-2%的抗盐率 1-2%decrease in percent salt rejection,or提高10-15%的压差 10-15%increase in differential pressure 正确的清洁维护正确的清洁维护正确的清洁维护正确的清洁维护 Proper Cleaning MaintenanceProper Cleaning Maintenance正常化渗正常化渗正常化渗正常化渗透水流速透水流速透水流速透水流速NormalizedNormalizedPermeatePermeateFlowrateFlowrateTimeTime当下降当下降当下降当下降10-15%10-15%后清洁后清洁后清洁后清洁Cleaning after 10-15%declineCleaning after 10-15%decline下降下降下降下降10-15%10-15%后清洁后清洁后清洁后清洁最优化最优化最优化最优化RORO运行性能运行性能运行性能运行性能Cleaning after a 10-15%Cleaning after a 10-15%Decline maximizes RODecline maximizes RO performance performance正常化渗正常化渗正常化渗正常化渗透水流速透水流速透水流速透水流速NormalizedNormalizedPermeatePermeateFlowrateFlowrateTimeTime不正确的清洁维护不正确的清洁维护不正确的清洁维护不正确的清洁维护当下降当下降当下降当下降15%15%后清洁后清洁后清洁后清洁 Cleaning after 15%declineCleaning after 15%decline等太久再清洁等太久再清洁等太久再清洁等太久再清洁,降低降低降低降低RORO运行性能运行性能运行性能运行性能Waiting too long to clean Waiting too long to clean reduces RO performancereduces RO performanceCleaning-In-Place(CIP)SkidCleaning-In-Place(CIP)SkidLLPP清洗罐Cleaning Tank加热器加热器HeaterP压力容器2:1Pressure Vessels渗透水渗透水Permeate浓盐水浓盐水 Concentrate Brine进水Feed筒式过滤器筒式过滤器Cartridge Filter(5 or 10 micron)再流通再流通Recirculation 采样采样 Sample最佳膜清洁作法最佳膜清洁作法Membrane Cleaning Best Practice一步一步 Stage by Stage正确的化学品使用方案 Right Chemical Program充足的流速 Sufficient Flow Rate清洁时间 Cleaning Duration重开始运行时的问题 Problems when back to the service.维护维护RO的益处的益处Benefits of Maintaining an RO 降低运行成本 Reduced operating costs降低维护费用 Reduced maintenance costs缩短停工期 Reduced downtime延长膜寿命 Extended membrane life提高水质和产量 Improved water quality and output设计设计RO系统系统 Designing a RO System我需要多少渗透水产量How much permeate production do I need我需要怎样的水质What water quality do I need是否对浓水有任何需要Is there any use for the concentrate监测控制装Monitoring and control packages我需要多少trainHow many trains do I need进水温度,变化,热回收如何What is the feedwater temperature,variation,heat recovery进水质量如何What is the feedwater quality预处理 Pretreatment过滤 Filtration重力/压力Gravity/pressure多媒/绿砂Multimedia/Greensand滤筒类型和尺寸Cartridge type and size微生物 MicrobiopH值控制 pH control化学品使用 Chemical applications分析器/自动操作Analyzers/automationORP/氯监控 ORP/chlorine monitors膜处理方案膜处理方案Membrane Treatment Program传统工业用水的管理传统工业用水的管理 Conventional Industrial Water ManagementSurfaceWater进水处理进水处理 Feed Water Treatment锅炉锅炉 Boiler澄清器澄清器Clarifier冷却塔冷却塔 Cooling TowersProcessDischarge废水处理工厂废水处理工厂Wastewater Treatment Plant-Coagulant-Coagulant-Flocculant-Flocculant-凝结剂凝结剂凝结剂凝结剂 -凝聚剂凝聚剂凝聚剂凝聚剂膜性能膜性能 Membrane Performance21st 世纪工业用水系统世纪工业用水系统 Industrial Water SystemsCustomer Needs 客户需求降低运行总成本自动操作的可靠性提高运行效果DischargeSurfaceWaterBoiler冷却塔冷却塔 Cooling TowersProcessWastewater Treatment-Nalmet-Prop.ChemicalsCleaners-Coagulant-Flocculant-Cleaners-Antiscalant-Cleaners-Biocide-Coagulant-FlocculantCleaners-防锈剂防锈剂 Antiscalant-生物杀灭剂生物杀灭剂 Biocide-清洁剂清洁剂 CleanersBFW TreatmentWastewaterWastewaterTreatmentTreatmentRawTreatmentMicrofiltrationRecycle再循环再循环RecycleReverse OsmosisMicrofiltrationReverse Osmosis生物反应器生物反应器Bioreactor超滤超滤 Ultrafiltration我们的服务我们的服务 Our Services膜剖析膜剖析 Membrane Autopsy:识别性能失效的主要原因识别性能失效的主要原因 identify exact cause of performance loss 在线装置评估在线装置评估 On-Site Plant Evaluations:完善客户支持完善客户支持complete customer support 用户化清洗方案用户化清洗方案 Customized Cleaning Programs:确认污染物确认污染物,恢复膜性能恢复膜性能 target site specific foulants to restore performance对您的意义对您的意义What does this mean for you?Reduced Operating CostsReturn on InvestmentVALUE海德能可向您提供世界级的产品、服务和专业技术，增强您的膜系统的运行效果HYDECANME can supply you with world class products,services and expertise that can enhance the performance of your membrane system.