小升初英语语法总结练习题及答案整个暑假的实践结果哦.doc

小升初英语语法总结+练习题及答案1.人称代词主格： I we you she he it they宾格： me us you her him it them形容词性物主代词：my our your her his its their名词性物主代词： mine ours yours hers his its theirs一；用适当的代词填空。1.Is that car yours? Yes, it is _. 2.How is Mr Li? _is fine, thanks.3.Put on_ hat! I am going to put it on. 4.Who is that over here? It is_.5.The old man lives by _. 6.I am sure I can do it all by _.7.Look,is this room beautiful? I painted it _. 8.Id like to go for a walk. _ too.9.What are _jobs? They are students. 10.We think to _.11.Mary is old enough to take care of _. 12.It is perfume, I made it _.13.Look at _. She is very well. 14.Can you carry this box upstairs by _.15.You and she did very well in the test. The teacher said that he would praise _ and_.16.The story _was very good, but you are did not tell it well.17.Give Jane this watch. Give_ this one too.18.Sara is not pleased with _in this English test.19.Did you enjoy _at the party yesterday?20.She wants to buy a car of _own.二：选择填空.1. Mr. More has more money than Mr. Little . But he doesnt enjoy _. A. he B. him C. his D. himself2. Lily was 9 years old. _ was old enough to go to school _. A. She , she B. She , herself C. Her, herself D. Her. she3. Jims watch is much newer than _. A. hers B.she C. her D. herself 4.Would you like _for super? A: something Chinese B：Chinese somethingC: anything Chinese D: Chinese anything5._ piano is too old ,but she still liked playing it. A. She B. Shes C. Hers D. Her6.Who taught you English last year? Nobody taught me . I taught _. A. me B. myself C. mine D. I7.That bike is _? Ahe B. him C. his D. it8. We bought _ a present, but _ didn”t like it. A. they, them B. them , they C. themselves , their D. theirs, they答案：1. mine2. he3. your4. her5. here6. myself7. myself8. me9. those10. ourselves11. herself12. myself13. her14. yourself15. you, her16. you made17. her18. her results19. yourself20. her1. D2. B3. A4. C5. D6. B7. C8. B2.形容词和副词的比较级(1) 一般在形容词或副词后+erolder taller longer stronger, etc(2) 多音节词前+moremore interesting, etc.(3) 双写最后一个字母，再+erbigger fatter, etc.(4) 把y变i，再+erheavier, earlier(5) 不规则变化：well-better, much/many-more, etc.3.可数词的复数形式一、名词复数规则1一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds2以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches3以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries4以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives5不规则名词复数：man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-micechild-childrenfoot-feet,.tooth-teethfish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese写出下列各词的复数 I _him _this _her _watch _child _photo _diary _day_ foot_ book_ dress _tooth_ sheep _box_ strawberry _thief _yo-yo _ peach_ sandwich _man_ woman_ paper_ juice_water_ milk_ rice_ tea_4.不可数名词(单复数形式不变)bread, rice, water ,juice etc.5. 缩略形式Im = I am youre = you are shes = she is hes = he isits = it is whos =who is cant =can not isnt=is not etc6 冠词 冠词的定义 冠词是置于名词之前，对名词起限制作用的一种虚词。 冠词可以说是名词的一种标志，它不能离开名词而独立存在。 冠词的分类 冠词分为不定冠词a，an、定冠词the和零冠词三种，零冠词指的是不用冠词 的情况。 不定冠词表示泛指，定冠词表示特指。 不定冠词的用法-1 不定冠词有a和an两种形式。a用在以辅音开头的词前，an用在以元音 开头的词前。判断一个词是以元音开头还是以辅音开头，是根据读音而不是 根据字母。 1. 用于可数名词的单数形式前，表示一 There is a tiger in the zoo. 动物园里有一只老虎。 2. 表示一类人和东西 A tiger can be dangerous. 老虎可能有危害性。 3. 表示某一个的意思 A gentleman wants to see you. 有一位先生要见你。 4. 表示同一的意思 They are nearly of an age. 他们几乎同岁。 The two shirts are much of a size. 这两件衬衫大小差不多。 5. 表示每一的意思 We go swimming four times a week. 我们每周去游泳四次。 6. 用在作表语的单数可数名词前，表示身份、职业 My mother is a teacher. 我妈妈是教师。 7. 第一次提到的人或事物，但不特别指明是哪一个 Long long ago there was an old king who had a very beautiful daughter. 很久很久以前，有一个年老的国王，他有一个非常美丽的女儿。 8. 在英国英语中，以h开头的多音节词，如第一个音节不重读，其前亦可用an There is an hotel near here. 这附近有一家旅馆。 9. 在such a，quite a句式中 He is quite a good actor. 他是一个相当好的演员。 Dont be in such a hurry. 不要如此匆忙。 10. 在感叹句 what.的句式中 What a pretty girl she is! 她是一个多么漂亮的女孩呀！ 不定冠词的用法-2 用在某些表示数量的词组中： a lot of 许多 a couple of 一对 a great many 很多 a dozen 一打（但也可以用 one dozen） a great deal of 大量 定冠词的用法-1 1. 用以特指某（些）人或某（些）事物 This is the house where Luxun once lived. 这是鲁迅曾经住过的房子。 2. 用于指谈话双方都明确所指的人或事物 Open the door, please. 请把门打开。 3. 用以复述上文提过的人或事物（第一次提到用“a或an”，以后再次提到用“the”） Once there lived a lion in the forest. Every day the lion asked small animals to look for food for him. 从前森林里住着一只狮子。每天这只狮子要小动物们为他寻找食物。 4. 用在序数词和形容词最高级前 January is the first month of the year. 一月份是一年当中的第一个月。 Shanghai is the biggest city in China. 上海是中国最大的城市。 5. 表示世界上宇宙中独一无二的事物 the sun 太阳 the moon 月亮 the earth 地球 the sky 天空 the world 世界 6. 指由普通名词构成的专有名词 the West Lake 西湖 the Great Wall 长城 the United States 美国 the United Nations 联合国 定冠词的用法-2 7. 表示方向、方位 in the east 在东方 in the west 在西方 in the front 在前面 at the back 在后面 in the bottom 在底部 at the top 在顶部 on the right 在右边 on the left 在左边 8. 在海洋、江河、湖泊、山脉、海峡、海湾等地理名词前 the Pacific Ocean 太平洋 the Huanghe River 黄河 the Tainshan Mountains 天山山脉 the Taiwan Straits 台湾海峡 9. 在姓氏复数前，表示一家人 The Bakers came to see me yesterday. 贝克一家人昨天来看我。 10. 和某些形容词连用，使形容词名词化，代表一类人或物 the poor 穷人 the rich 富人 the sick 病人 the wounded 伤员 the good 好人 the beautiful 美丽的事物 11. 用在表示阶级、政党的名词前 the working class 工人阶级 the Chinese Communist Party 中国共产党 12. 用在the very强调句中 This is the very book I want. 这就是我想要的那本书。 13. 在the more, the more比较级的句式中 The more you drink, the more you like it. 你越喝就越爱喝。 14. 表示演奏乐器时，乐器的前面要加the play the piano 弹钢琴 play the violin 拉小提琴 15. 某些固定的表达法 in the morning 在早上 in the afternoon 在下午 in the evening 在晚上 go to the cinema 去看电影 go to the theatre 去看戏 all the year round 一年到头 on the way to 前往.去的路上 16. the加单数可数名词可以表示一类人或事物 The horse is a useful animal. 马是一种有用的动物。 注意：像这类句子还有如下两种写法 A horse is a useful animal. Horses are useful animals. 零冠词的用法 1. 专有名词前一般不加冠词 China 中国 Europe 欧洲 Lei Feng 雷锋 William Shakespeare 威廉莎士比亚 2. 月份、周日、节日前一般不加冠词 January 一月份 Sunday 星期日 Christmas Day 圣诞节 Thanksgiving 感恩节 National Day 国庆节 May Day 劳动节 比较： .on a Sunday morning. 在一个星期天的早晨. （表示某一个。） 3. 三餐、四季前一般不加冠词 I have lunch at school. 我在学校吃午餐。 Summer is the best season for swimming. 夏天是游泳的好季节。 比较： I had a big lunch yesterday. 昨天我吃了一顿丰盛的午餐。（表示某一个） The dinner given by Mr Smith was very nice. 史密斯先生款待的晚宴真是美味。（表示特指） 比较： I will never forget the summer we spent in Hawaii. 我永远不会忘记我们一起在夏威夷度过的那个夏天。 （表示特指） 4. 进行球类运动 play basketball 打篮球 play volleyball 打排球 play football 踢足球 5. 没有特指的物质名词 This cart is made of wood. 这辆手推车是用木头作的。 比较： The wood outside was all wet. 外面的那些木头都湿了。（表示特指） 6. 没有特指的不可数抽象名词 Time is precious. 时间是宝贵的。 比较： The time of the play was 1990s. 这个剧本的时代背景是二十世纪九十年代。（表示特指） 7. 没有特指的可数名词复数形式后。 I like tomatoes. 我喜欢西红柿。 8. 山峰 Mount Qomolangma 珠穆朗玛峰 9. 固定词组 go to school 去上学 go to bed 上床睡觉 go by train 乘火车去 go by boat 乘船去 at table 在用餐 in hospital 住院 at school 求学 in school 求学 at noon 在中午 at night 在晚上 at midnight 在半夜 in town 在城里 10. 独立结构中的名词不加冠词 A boy came in, book in hand. 一个男孩进来，手上拿着书。 11. 泛指人类 Man is mortal. 人必有一死。 12. 在kind of名词 sort of名词句式中 What kind of flower is it? 这是什么花？ I like this sort of book. 我喜欢这种书。 13. 指职位、头衔的词，如king，captain，president，chairman 等。 He is (the) captain of the team. 他是球队的队长。 As (the) chairman of the committee, I declare the meeting open. 作为委员会主席，我宣布会议开始。 冠词和三餐的搭配 三餐名词单独使用时，之前通常不加冠词 三餐名词之前若加形容词时则除外： We have breakfast at eight 我们8点钟吃早饭。 He gave us a good breakfast 他请我们吃了一顿丰盛的早餐。 I was invited to dinner 他们邀请我吃饭。 I was invited to a dinner given to welcome the new ambassador 我被邀请参加欢迎新任大使的宴会。 The Scots have porridge for breakfast 苏格兰人早餐吃粥。 The wedding breakfast was held in her fathers house 婚礼早宴是在她父亲家举行的。 介词短语与冠词 一. at table 在进餐 at the table 在桌子旁边 at desk 在读书 at the desk 在课桌旁 at school 在上学 at the school 在学校里 in class 在上课 in the class 在班级里面 in bed 卧床 in the bed 在床上 in prison 坐牢 in the prison （因事）在监狱 in hospital 住院 in the hospital （因事）在医院 go to school 去上学 go to the school （因事）去学校 go to bed 上床睡觉 go to the bed 在床上 go to hospital 去看病 go to the hospital 去医院 二. take place 发生 take the place 代替 in place of 代替 in the place of 在.的地方 in case of 万一 in the case of 就.来说 out of question 毫无疑问 out of the question 完全不可能 通常使用不定冠词的短语 after a while 过了一会儿 all of a sudden 突然 as a rule 通常 as a result 结果，因此 as a matter of fact 事实上 as a whole 大体上 at a loss 不知所措 in a hurry 急忙 in a way 在某种程度上 in a word 总而言之 Its a pity that 令人遗憾的是 put an end to 结束 come to an end 结束 come to a conclusion 得出结论 have a good time 玩得愉快 have a rest 休息一下 have a cold 感冒 have a word with 和谈一谈 keep an eye for 对有鉴赏力 make a living 谋生 make a fire 生火 make a fool of 愚弄 take a walk 散步2. 冠词的练习 Choose the best answer （选择最佳答案）: 1. There is _ house in the picture. There is _old woman near_house.A. an; a; the B. a; an ; the C. the ; a; an D. a; the; an 2. He has already worked for _ hour. A. the B. an C. a D. 不填 3. Alice is fond of playing _ piano. A. the B. an C. a D. 不填 4. Beyond _ stars, the astronaut saw nothing but _space.A. 不填；the B. the ; the C. 不填，不填 D. the; 不填 5. _ terrible weather weve been having these days! A. How a B. What a C. How D. What 6.- Where is Jack? - I think he is still in _ bed, but he might just be in _bathroom. A. 不填；不填 B. the; the C. the;不填 D. 不填; the 7.When do you have _breakfast every day? A. a B. an C. the D. 不填 8. Many people are still in _ habit of writing silly things in _public places. A. the ; 不填 B. 不填 ; the C. the ; the D. 不填; 不填 二精讲精练：不熟练的语法点的回顾代词是代替名词以及起名词作用的短语、分句和句子的词。代词可分以下九类： 1. 人称代词 主格（在句中作主语）有： I , you, he, she, it, we, you, they 宾格（在句中作宾语）有：me, you, him, her, it, us, you , them 2. 物主代词 形容词性的物主代词（作定语）有：my, your, his , her, its, our, your ,their 名词性的物主代词（作主语、表语，宾语）有：mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs 3. 反身代词（自身代词）有 myself, herself, themselves等。 4. 相互代词有：each other, one another 5. 提示代词有：this , that , these , those , those 6. 疑问代词（用来引导特殊疑问句）有 who, what, whose 等。 7. 关系代词（用来引导定语从句）有which, that, who 等。 8. 连接代词（用来引导名词性从句）有：what, who, whose等。 9. 不定代词 有:all, each, both, either, neither, one, any 等。 10. 不定代词 指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。 下面列出部分不定代词的用法比较： 1.both和all ： both 指两者，all 指三者以上。 Both of the answers are right.两个答案都对。 All the answers are correct. 所有的答案都对。 2.every和each： every指至少三个，强调共性，each 可指小到两个，强调个体。 Every room is clean and tidy. 每一个房间都很整洁。 Each student may try twice. 每个学生可以试两次。 3.either 和neither 都是谈两个人或物： Either of the answers is right. 两个答案都对。（either指两者当中任意一个） Neither of the answers is right.两个答案都不对。（neither指两者都不是） 4. some 和any some 一般用于肯定句中，而any用于疑问句、否定句或条件句中： Are there any stamps in the drawer?抽屉里有邮票吗？ Yes, there are some. 是的，有一些。 注意，当某些疑问句表示请求、建议等肯定意义时，用some不用any: Would you like some tea? 想喝点茶吗？ 5. no one 和none : no one 仅指人，none 可指人或物。 No one failed in the examination. 考试没有人不及格。 None of the students failed in the examination. 没有一个学生考试不及格。 -Have you any string?你有绳子吗？ -No, I have none.没有。 代词的练习 一.填空 1. This bike is my sisters. It belongs to _ (她的)。 2. This isnt my book. _(我的) is in the bag. 3. They quarrelled among _（他们）. 4. You and I understand _(彼此) perfectly. 5. If there are _（一些） new magazines in the library, take some for me. 二单项选择 1. _ writer is better know in China, Charles Dickens or Mark Twain? A. Which B. What C. Either D. Whether 2. They were all very tired, but _ of them would stop to have a rest. A. any B. some C. none D. neither 3. Kate and her sister went on holiday with a cousin of _. A. their B. theirs C. them D. themselves 4. -Is _ here? - No, Bob and Tim have asked for leave. A. anybody B. Somebody C. everybody D. nobody 5. We couldnt eat in a restaurant because _ of us had _ money on us. A. all; no B. any; no C. none; any C. no one ; any 【参考答案】 一填空：1.her 2.mine 3.themselves 4. each other 5. any 二单项选择：1.A 2.C 3. B 4. C 5.C6. a/ana book, a peachan egg an hour7. Preposition:on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind.表示时间： at six oclock, at Christmas, at breakfaston Monday on 15th July On National Dayin the evening in December in winter8. 基数词和序数词one first two-second twenty-twentieth9. Some /anyI have some toys in my bedroom.Do you have any brothers or sisters?10. be 动词(1) Basic form: am/are/is(2) 肯定和否定句 I am(not) from London.My eyes are(not) small.My hair is(not) long.（3）一般疑问句： Am I a Chniese? Yes, you are. No, you arent.Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they arent.Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isnt.11. there be 结构肯定句： There is a There are 一般疑问句:Is there ? Yes, there is./ No, there isnt.Are there? Yes, there are. /No, there arent.否定句： There isnt . There arent.12. 祈使句Sit down pleaseDont sit down, please.13. 现在进行时.通常用“now”.形式： be + verb +ingeg: I am(not) doing my homework.You/We/They are(not) reading.He/She/It is(not) eating.动词 ing 的形式Most verbs +ing walkwalkingVerbs ending in e -e + ing comecomingShort verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant run running swimswimming一、写出下列动词的现在分词：play_ run_ swim _make_go_ like_ write_ _ski_ read_ have_ sing _ dance_put_ see_ buy _ love_ live_ take_ come _ get_stop_ sit _ begin_ shop_二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：1.The boy _ ( draw)a picture now.2. Listen .Some girls _ ( sing)in the classroom .3. My mother _ ( cook )some nice food now.4. What _ you _ ( do ) now?5. Look . They _( have) an English lesson .6.They _(not ,water) the flowers now.7.Look! the