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Linux input 子系统详解与代码示例
李邦柱于杭州2014/01/09
Email:helpylee@
由于linux 的驱动模型增加了input层,导致几乎所有的底层驱动都把数据封装在event里上报给input子系统。由此看来,这种改变让kernel 更具有模块化,各个模块的耦合度更低了。
下面我们一起来研究input 层^_^
1. 从用户层的角度看input(event 事件)
了解linux的人一定会对/dev,/ sys, /proc这几个目录有所印象,这是从内核导出到用户层的接口(从这里几乎可以观览内核)。kernel为我们导出了input在用户态的接口,就是/dev/input/下的接口,所以我们只关注这个目录下的event*(event0/event1/……)字符设备。
那么这些event*是干什么用的?简单来说就是我们对计算机的输入(包括敲击键盘,移动鼠标等等操作)经过内核(底层驱动,input)处理最后就上报到这些event*里面了。
而这里event0,event1,..就是用来区分各个外设的,可以通过命令来查看外设具体和哪个event相关联: 这个命令是:cat /proc/bus/input/devices
所以我们用此命令在linux系统查看外设信息。
2. 在linux/input.h中有这些数据的结构:
struct input_event {
struct timeval time; //事件发生的时间
__u16 type; //事件类类型:按键和移动鼠标就是不同类型
__u16 code;
__s32 value; //事件值:按键a和按键b就对应不同值
};
code:
事件的代码.如果事件的类型代码是EV_KEY,该代码code为设备键盘代码.代码植0~127为键盘上的按键代码,0x110~0x116 为鼠标上按键代码,其中0x110(BTN_ LEFT)为鼠标左键,0x111(BTN_RIGHT)为鼠标右键,0x112(BTN_ MIDDLE)为鼠标中键.其它代码含义请参看include/linux/input.h文件. 如果事件的类型代码是EV_REL,code值表示轨迹的类型.如指示鼠标的X轴方向REL_X(代码为0x00),指示鼠标的Y轴方向REL_Y(代码 为0x01),指示鼠标中轮子方向REL_WHEEL(代码为0x08).
type:
EV_KEY,键盘
EV_REL,相对坐标
EV_ABS,绝对坐标
value:
事件的值.如果事件的类型代码是EV_KEY,当按键按下时值为1,松开时值为0;如果事件的类型代码是EV_ REL,value的正数值和负数值分别代表两个不同方向的值.
/*
* Event types
*/
#define EV_SYN 0x00
#define EV_KEY 0x01 //按键
#define EV_REL 0x02 //相对坐标(轨迹球)
#define EV_ABS 0x03 //绝对坐标
#define EV_MSC 0x04 //其他
#define EV_SW 0x05
#define EV_LED 0x11 //LED
#define EV_SND 0x12//声音
#define EV_REP 0x14//repeat
#define EV_FF 0x15
#define EV_PWR 0x16
#define EV_FF_STATUS 0x17
#define EV_MAX 0x1f
#define EV_CNT (EV_MAX+1)
这里事件指的是我们对外设的操作,比如按键一次a可能就产生数个input_event数据
3.代码示例:
此代码可以完全正确编译运行。把此代码拷贝到xx.c 文件中,gcc xx.c –o xx 后要用sudo 去执行。 Sudo ./xx
此程序的功能是可以及时捕获键盘消息,鼠标消息和其他外设出发的消息。比如可以记录键盘事件。下图就是此程序运行后 成功捕获到键盘和鼠标消息的截图。
本程序采用I/O多路复用技术。
#include<stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <linux/input.h>
#include<string.h>
int b_cur_x = 0, b_cur_y = 0;
typedef enum {
BlcTermKeyDevStat_Default = 1, // 所有键值的默认状态或鼠标的坐标移动状态
BlcTermKeyDevStat_Down = 2, // 所有键值的按下状态
BlcTermKeyDevStat_Up = 3, // 所有键值的弹起状态
BlcTermKeyDevStat_MouseWheel = 4, // 鼠标滚轮转动
BlcTermKeyDevStat_ConsoleLeftAXIS = 5, // 游戏手柄左摇杆坐标操作
BlcTermKeyDevStat_ConsoleRightAXIS = 6, // 游戏手柄右摇杆坐标操作
BlcTermKeyDevStat_MouseDoubleClick = 7, // 鼠标左键双击
}BlcTermKeyDevStat;
typedef enum {
BlcPlayCtl_EventID_Login = 3001,
BlcPlayCtl_EventID_Logout = 3002,
BlcDmxFilter_EventID_TSData = 3003,
BlcKey_EventID_KeyValue = 3004,
BlcPlayCtl_EventID_MwReturn = 3005,
BlcRes_EventID_ResoureRequest = 3006,
BlcRes_EventID_ServiceNotice = 3007,
BlcPlayCtl_EventID_ConnectServer = 3008,
BlcKey_EventID_KeyDevPlug = 3101,
} Blc_EventID;
typedef enum {
BlcKeyDevPlugType_KeyboardPlugin = 1,
BlcKeyDevPlugType_KeyboardPlugout = 2,
BlcKeyDevPlugType_MousePlugin = 3,
BlcKeyDevPlugType_MousePlugout = 4,
BlcKeyDevPlugType_ConsolePlugin = 5,
BlcKeyDevPlugType_ConsolePlugout = 6,
} BlcKeyDevPlugType;
typedef enum {
BlcTermKeyDevType_Irr = 1,
BlcTermKeyDevType_Keyboard = 2,
BlcTermKeyDevType_Mouse = 3,
BlcTermKeyDevType_Console = 4,
} BlcTermKeyDevType;
typedef enum {
BlcMousePropertyValue_DEFAULT = 0,
BlcMousePropertyValue_BUTTONLEFT = 1,
BlcMousePropertyValue_BUTTONMIDDLE = 2,
BlcMousePropertyValue_BUTTONRIGHT = 3,
} BlcMouseKeyValue;
typedef struct {
int keydev; //键值设备类型
int keystate; // 键值状态;
int keyvalue; // 键值
short x; //鼠标的x坐标
short y; //鼠标的y坐标
} BlcKeyValueData;
struct input_event ev_temp;
int func(int fd)
{
BlcKeyValueData key_info;
int count;
int plug_flag = BlcKeyDevPlugType_MousePlugout;
// struct input_event ev_temp;
if(fd != -1) {
plug_flag = BlcKeyDevPlugType_MousePlugin;
}
char up[] = "抬起";
char down[] = "按下";
//while(1)
count = read(fd, &ev_temp, sizeof(struct input_event));
if(count > 0)
{
if(ev_temp.type == EV_SYN)
return 1;
printf("$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$: %d, %d, %d\n", ev_temp.type, ev_temp.code, ev_temp.value);
printf("key:%d ", ev_temp.code);
printf("%s\n", ev_temp.value?down:up);
memset(&key_info, 0 , sizeof(BlcKeyValueData));
if (ev_temp.type == EV_KEY)
{
if (ev_temp.code >= 0 && ev_temp.code <= 127)
{
key_info.keydev = BlcTermKeyDevType_Keyboard;
key_info.keyvalue = ev_temp.value;
}
else if (ev_temp.code >= 0x110 && ev_temp.code <= 0x116)
{
key_info.keydev = BlcTermKeyDevType_Mouse;
if (ev_temp.code == 0x110)
key_info.keyvalue = BlcMousePropertyValue_BUTTONLEFT;
else if (ev_temp.code == 0x111)
key_info.keyvalue = BlcMousePropertyValue_BUTTONRIGHT;
else if (ev_temp.code == 0x112)
key_info.keyvalue = BlcMousePropertyValue_BUTTONMIDDLE;
}
if (ev_temp.value == 1)
key_info.keystate = BlcTermKeyDevStat_Down;
else if (ev_temp.value == 0)
key_info.keystate = BlcTermKeyDevStat_Up;
key_info.x = -1;
key_info.y = -1;
}
else if (ev_temp.type == EV_REL)
{
key_info.keydev = BlcTermKeyDevType_Mouse;
key_info.keystate = BlcTermKeyDevStat_Default;
key_info.keyvalue = 0;
if (ev_temp.code == REL_X)
b_cur_x += ev_temp.value;
else if (ev_temp.code == REL_Y)
b_cur_y += ev_temp.value;
else if (ev_temp.code == REL_WHEEL)
;//???//key_info.keyvalue = ev_temp.code;
if (b_cur_x < 0) b_cur_x = 0;
if (b_cur_x > 1280) b_cur_x = 1280;
if (b_cur_y < 0) b_cur_y = 0;
if (b_cur_y > 720) b_cur_y = 720;
key_info.x = b_cur_x;
key_info.y = 0 - b_cur_y;
}
printf("@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@: %d, %d, %d\n", key_info.keydev, key_info.keyvalue, key_info.keyvalue);
}
else if (count == -1)
{
if (plug_flag == BlcKeyDevPlugType_MousePlugin)
{
close(fd);
plug_flag = BlcKeyDevPlugType_MousePlugout;
printf("plug out !\n");
}
if (fd != -1)
{
plug_flag = BlcKeyDevPlugType_MousePlugin;
printf("plug int ok !\n");
}
else
{
printf("plug int fail !\n");
usleep(500);
}
}
//}
}
int main(void)
{
int fd_key,fd_ts, fd_led, fd_max, fd_0, fd_2, fd_3;
struct input_event event_key,event_ts;
int dac_value;
struct timeval select_timeout;
fd_set readfds;
select_timeout.tv_sec = 20;
select_timeout.tv_usec = 0;
fd_0 = open("/dev/input/event0", O_RDWR);
fd_key = open("/dev/input/event1", O_RDWR);
fd_2 = open("/dev/input/event2", O_RDWR);
fd_3 = open("/dev/input/event3", O_RDWR);
fd_ts = open("/dev/input/event4", O_RDWR);
if (fd_key>fd_ts)
fd_max = fd_key;
else
fd_max = fd_ts;
while(1)
{ FD_ZERO(&readfds);
FD_SET(fd_key, &readfds);
FD_SET(fd_ts, &readfds);
FD_SET(fd_0, &readfds);
FD_SET(fd_2, &readfds);
FD_SET(fd_3, &readfds);
select_timeout.tv_sec= 2;
select_timeout.tv_usec = 0;
select(fd_max + 1, &readfds, NULL, NULL, &select_timeout);
if(FD_ISSET(fd_0, &readfds))
{
printf("come from fd_0\n");
func(fd_0);
}
if(FD_ISSET(fd_2, &readfds))
{
printf("come from fd_2\n");
func(fd_2);
}
if(FD_ISSET(fd_3, & readfds))
{
printf("come from fd_3\n");
func(fd_3);
}
if ( FD_ISSET(fd_key, &readfds))
{
printf("come from keyborad\n");
func(fd_key);
}
else if(FD_ISSET(fd_ts, &readfds))
{
printf("come from mouse\n");
func(fd_ts);
}
printf("|\n|\n");
}
}
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