英汉翻译常用的方法和技巧.pptx

从句一律保持陈述语序。从句一律保持陈述语序。主语主语从句从句同位语从句同位语从句表语表语从句从句宾语宾语从句从句注注 意：意：1、当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时，宾当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时，宾语从句的谓语动词可以用所需要的任何一种时态。语从句的谓语动词可以用所需要的任何一种时态。2、当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，宾语从句的谓语、当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，宾语从句的谓语 动词要用相应的过去时态，但当宾语从句叙述的内容动词要用相应的过去时态，但当宾语从句叙述的内容 为客观真理时，仍然用一般现在时。为客观真理时，仍然用一般现在时。The teacher told his class that light _ faster than sound.travels1.The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow.(be)2.The headmaster hopes everything _ well.(go)3.Tom says that they _ (play)basketball at six oclock yesterday evening.4.I hear they _ (return)it already.5.He said that they _ members of the Party since 1948.(be)will be goes were playing have returned had been 6.I didnt know what time he _ the letter.(write)7.Could you tell me who _ away the book already?(take)8.Ling Feng told me he _ to the Great Wall several times.(be)wrote has taken had been 2.宾语从句：从句在句中充当宾语成分（宾语从句：从句在句中充当宾语成分（可以作谓语可以作谓语动词、介词、不定式等非谓语动词的宾语）动词、介词、不定式等非谓语动词的宾语）连词：连词：that,whether，if （that 常可省略）常可省略）who,what,which,whoever,whatever,when where why how1).They know that the habit will kill them.2).It all depends on whether they will support us.3)He asked how much I paid for the violin.4).He made it clear to the public that he did an important and necessary job.5).I find it necessary that we should do the homework.3.表语从句：从句在句中充当表语成分，一般放在连表语从句：从句在句中充当表语成分，一般放在连系动词之后系动词之后.作用：对主语进行解释说明。作用：对主语进行解释说明。连接词：连接词：that/whether/as if/as though（if 不引导不引导 表语从句表语从句)连接代词：连接代词：who/whom/whose/which/what 连接副词：连接副词：when/where/why/how/because The question is whether we can rely on him.Thats because we were in need of money at that time.He looked as if he was going to cry.Thats why I was late.1.Thats _ the Party called on us to do.A.why B.what C.how D.that 2.The reason is _ he is unable to operate the machine.A.because B.why C.that D.Whether3.That is _ they separated.A.that B.what C.which D.where 4.Jane is no longer _ she was four years ago.A.what B.which C.that D.when 注注 意：意：1.在表语从句中，表在表语从句中，表“是否是否”时，只能用时，只能用“whether”不能用不能用“If”。2.一般情况下，一般情况下，“that”不能省。不能省。3.It is/was because.It is/was why.3.The reason(why/for)is/was that.4 The reason is because/whythat .Grammar:Subject clauseCan you find the following sentence in the reading passage?In this sentence,a noun clause is used as the subject.What it was to become was a mystery until the dust began to slowly combine into a ball moving around the sun.Please pick out three more sentences with subject clauses from the reading passage.1.because it was not clear whether the solid shape was to last or not.2.What scientists think is that the earth was different because of 3.Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on P64 USING STRUCTUREDo you know where we come from?How did the universe begin?Read the passage and try to understand how Stephen Hawking solved the problems?1._ the universe is like has attracted Stephen Hawking all his life.2._ is clear and simple about the universe has always seemed too difficult for us to answer.3._ the universe exists the way it does is a major question to all those who have looked at stars like Hawking.4._ has developed over two thousand years of observation has to be greatly revised.5._ in the universe we live is not the centre,but one of the mine planets orbiting the sun,which is just one of millions of stars in our own Milky Way galaxy.WhatWhatWhy What where6._ we understand the universe is the time when we human beings will have answered all the questions.7._ we can have a complete picture of the universe depends on learning to understand what we see.8._ Hawking wants to tell us in this text is that we should study the universe,and understand it.When HowWhat做主语用的名词性从句，因其在复合句中做主做主语用的名词性从句，因其在复合句中做主语，又称主语从句，引导主语从句的有从属连语，又称主语从句，引导主语从句的有从属连词词that,whether，连接代词连接代词who,what,which，连接副词连接副词when,where,how,why等。等。1._ he made an important speech at the meeting was true.A.That B.Why C.What D.How 2._well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A If B Whether C That D Where 3._ is known to us all is that America is a developed country_the First World.a.Which;belong to b.As,belonged to c.What;belonging to d.It;belonging to注注 意：意：1.What you left are only several old books.2.What you said is of great importance.3.What he says and does doesnt concern me.4.What he says and does dont agree.“if”不能引导主语从句，应有不能引导主语从句，应有“whether”引导。引导。主语从句的主语从句的“that”一般不能省。一般不能省。“what”引导主语从句时，谓语动词：引导主语从句时，谓语动词：1）常与其后的名词作表语一致）常与其后的名词作表语一致 2）根据句子的语境而定。）根据句子的语境而定。4.Its known to us all _ a form of energy.A.water is B.that water is C.is water D.that water to 5.It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray.A.whether B.That C.what D.when6.What I say and think _ none of your business.A.is B.are C.has D have2.位置：位置：主语从句可以前置，也可以后置。主语从句可以前置，也可以后置。用用it做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末，做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末，常用下面几种句型。常用下面几种句型。It 的用法：的用法：（形式主语）（形式主语）It possible/important/necessary/clear that很可能很可能/重要的是重要的是/必要的是必要的是/很清楚很清楚 It said/reported that.据说据说/据报道据报道 Its been announced/declared that.已经通知已经通知/宣布宣布 It seems/appears/happens.that显然、明显、显然、明显、碰巧碰巧.Its no wonder that并不奇怪并不奇怪/无疑无疑 Its a pity/a fact/a common knowledge(众所周知）众所周知）/a common saying.（俗话说）（俗话说）注意注意:1）主语从句在句首时，必须由连接词引）主语从句在句首时，必须由连接词引导，不能省略这些连接词；但是如果用导，不能省略这些连接词；但是如果用it做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，从属连词从属连词that可以省略。可以省略。11.There will be a special price for _ buys things in large number here.A.who B.whom C.whoever D.Whomever12.Mary wrote an article on _ the team had failed to win the game.A.why B.what C.who D.that (05)13.The poor young man is ready to accept _ help he can get.(05)A.whichever B.however C.whatever D.whenever14.Many newspaper printed the governors statement _ would support a tax cut.A.and he B.was that he C which he D that he 15._ man must fear when traveling in space is radiation from the sun.A.Which B.How C.What D.That 16.It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.A.However B.whatever C.whichever D.whenever 1.连接词有：连接词有：that whether 和和 lf2.连接代词有：连接代词有：who whom whose which what 等等 3.连接副词有：连接副词有：when where why how 等等 另外另外 whatever whoever whichever等等 也可也可 以引导以引导主语和宾语两种从句主语和宾语两种从句。名词性从句可以表示：事实和问题。名词性从句可以表示：事实和问题。名词性从句中的名词性从句中的“that”没有词义，也不作任何成没有词义，也不作任何成分。分。1.Can you make sure _ the gold rings?A.where she had put B.where had she put C.where she has put D.where has she put2.The reason that has been such a success _ he never gives up.A.is B.is because C.is that D.is what3._ breaks the law should be punished.A Whoever b.No matter who c.anyone.d.who 4.That is _ I had to take the risk of being washed away.A.why B.reason why C.how D.what5.Do _ you think is right _ difficulties you may have.A.what;however B.that;whatever C.whatever;whoever D.what;whatever6.The workers considered it important _ the boss would agree to give them a rise.A.whether B.how C.where D.which 7.Along with the letter was his promise _ he would visit me this coming Christmas.A.which B.that C.what D.whether8.You are saying that everyone should be equal,and this is _ I disagree.A.why B.where C.what D.how9.Difficulty lies _ we have no money.A.that B.in that C.in the fact D.in the fact that10.I dont think the question of _ they are old or young is important.A.which B.whether C.how D.why11.It makes no difference _ you will go today or tomorrow.A.if B.whether C.that D.what 12._ should be sent to work there?A.Who do you suggest B.Who do you suggest that shouldC.Do you suggest who should D.Do you suggest whom should13.The news _ Lincoln was murdered filled the American peoples hearts with deep sorrow.A.which B.when C.that D.how 14._ he said at the meeting astonished everyone present.A.What B.That C.The fact D.The matter15.I dont trust his promise _ he will buy me a new car.A.which B.what C.when D.that 16.She received the message _ he would come by plane.A.that B.which C.what D.when17.Energy is _ makes things work.A.what B.something C.anything D.that18.Our city has changed a lot,and now it is quite different from _ a few years ago.A.what it used to be B.that it used to be C.which it used to be D.what was it19.We all know the truth _ there are air,water and sunlight,there are living things.A.wherever B.where C.that D.that wherever20.The true value of life is not in _,but_.A.how you get;that you give B.which you get;what you give C.what you get;what you give D.what do you get;what do you give21._ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A.There B.This C.That D.It