非谓语动词复习(教师版).doc

2012高二英语语法复习---非谓语动词复习(教师版)
一 非谓语
当一个句子已经有谓语而没有连词时，那么所给动词要用 _非谓语形式__。
非谓语动词有三种形式：__to do___表示将来动作；_doing___ 表主动，进行；__done__ 表示被动，完成。它们有_时__态 和 _语__态 之分，在句子中_不作_ 谓语。
二 找出下面的非谓语并说明充当什么成分。
1. To do this kind of job needs great effort. 主
2. I would like to make a suggestion. 宾
3. His job is to look after the children. 表
4. There are all kinds of difficulties to be overcome. 定
5. Mary went back to her hometown to visit her grandparents. 状
6. I often hear her sing in English. 宾补
7. Learning is important to modern life. 主
8. The problem is quite puzzling. 表
9. The TV needs repairing. 宾
10. The boy sitting there is my brother. 定
11. They went out of the classroom, talking and laughing. 状
12. I felt my heart beating violently. 宾补
13. Hearing the news, he looked satisfied. 表
14. We have read many novels written by this author. 定
15. Confused by the problem, he turned to his teacher for help. 状
16. I heard the song sung in English. 宾补
归纳：非谓语动词可以充当各种成分：

作 用
种类
主语
宾语
表语
定语
状语
补语
动词不定式
√
√
√
√
√
√
Ving
√
√
√
√
√
√
Ved分词

√
√
√
√

三 非谓语充当各种成分的用法区别。
（一）作主语
1. It took me two hours to finish this difficult text paper.
2. Getting up early in the morning is good for our health.
3. It is no use talking your trouble to a man like him

总结：to do 表示：表示具体的、一次性的动作
doing 表示: 一般的、泛指的或习惯性的行为
固定句式：It is no use/ no good / useless /a waste of time doing sth.
（二）作宾语
1. I plan to leave for Beijing tomorrow.
2. After much discussion they decided to accept our offer
3. I suggest doing it in a different way.
4. Can you imagine living with such a boring man?
5. Don’t forget to turn down the gas after an hour or so.
6. I shall never forget seeing the Great Wall for the first time.
总结：to do和doing作宾语需记住一些动词及短语的用法。
(1)常接to do 作宾语的动词有: afford, agree, ask, choose, decide, determine, expect, intend manage, offer, plan, pretend, promise, refuse , want 等
(2) 常接doing作宾语的动词有: admit， advise， appreciate， avoid， consider，delay deny，enjoy， escape， finish， forbid，imagine， mind， permit， practise，risk，suggest
(3) 既可接to do和doing的动词有：remember, forget, mean, stop, regret
（三）作表语
1. Her dream is to be a doctor in the future.
2. The movie was exciting and we all felt excited.
3. The music they are playing sounds encouraging.
  4. He was very disappointed at the result of the text.
总结：to do作表语说明主语的内容或表示将来的动作。
doing 作表语说明主语的特征，令人…
done 作表语说明主语的状态，（人）感到…
（四）作定语
1. She is always the first (one) to come and the last to leave.
2. The next train to arrive is from Washington.
3. I have a lot of things to do today.
4. Did you notice the boy sitting at this desk yesterday?
5. The first text books written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
6. There was a terrible noise following the sudden burst of light.
总结：
to do作定语表示将来的动作，用来修饰序数词、最高级或no,all,any
等限定语的中心词
doing作定语与中心词的关系是主动或进行
done作定语与中心词的关系是被动或完成
（五）作宾语补足语
1. Suddenly he heard someone knocking gently on the window．
2. On the top of the hill，he could see smoke rising from the chimneys in the village．
3. Have you ever heard a song sung in Japanese?
4. I often hear her sing in the next room.
5. You must watch me carefully do everything．
6. She was made to cry by her brother.
总结：非谓语动词作宾补，常跟在两大类动词后面：感官动词和使役动词 。 “一感”（feel）、“二听”（listen， hear）、“三让”（let，make，have）、“四看”（look at，see，watch，notice）。
doing作宾补与宾语的关系是主动或进行
done作宾补与宾语的关系是被动或完成
to do作宾补表示动作全过程或经常性（谓语动词是主动时省略to，谓语动词是被动时还原to）
（六）作状语
1. He hurried to the station, only to find the train had left.
2. To improve their service, the workers of the hotel are active in learning English.
3. Seen from the hill, the city is beautiful.
4. Seeing from the hill, you can see the whole city.
5. Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.
6. She watched the film, weeping and sighing.
总结：to do作状语常表示目的，出乎意料的结果等
doing与主语的关系是主动
done与主语的关系是被动
分词作状语，其逻辑主语要与句子主语一致

四 不定式和现在分词的时态语态。
（一）不定式的时态语态。

种类
时间
主动式
被动式

to do
一般式
To do
To be done
进行式
To be doing
/
完成式
To have done
To have been done

一般式：表示几乎和谓语同时发生或谓语动词之后发生。
进行式：表示和谓语动词同时发生。
完成式：表示在谓语动作之前发生
1. I hope to see you soon. （一般）
2. They seem to be getting along quite well now.（进行）
3. I’m sorry to have bothered you so much.（完成）
4. I am very happy to be given a chance to visit your country.（一般被动）
5. She was the first woman to have been elected to such a post.（完成被动）

（二）现在分词的时态语态
种类
时间
主动式
被动式
doing
一般式
Doing
Being done
完成式
Having done
Having been done

一般式：表示动作谓语动词同时进行或紧密相连的动作：
完成式： 表示动作发生在主句谓语动词之前
1. Going straight down the road, you will find the department store. （一般）
2. Talking and laughing, they came into the house. （一般）
3. Having lived in the city for 3 years, I know it very well now.（完成主动）
4. This question, having been discussed for thousands of years, has now been solved. （完成被动）

五、非谓语解题技巧
(一)判断给出的动词是作______谓语________还是_____非谓语_____.
(二)若是非谓语，判断是用哪种形式：_doing__,_to do___,____done__
(三)根据题目的语意及语境，考虑该形式的 __时____态和___语___态。（程度较高，一般比较少考）

六、练习:用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. Much remains ___to be done_________________ (do).
2. The books in the room are not allowed ___to be taken______________ (take) out .
3. How long will it take you __to complete____________ (complete) the trip?
4. To see is _____to believe_______________ (believe).
5. _Faced___(face)with a difficult situation, he decided to ask his teacher for advise.
6. ①The murderer was brought in, with his hands __tied_______ (tie) behind his back
②I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise ___going______ (go) on.
③With nothing ___to do________ (do), I went round of the bookshops.
7. _Seen_______ (see) from space, our earth appears as a “blue planet”.
8. __Seeing_______ (see) from the top of the hill, we can get a good view of our city.
9. She was found __writing__ (write) letters at nine o’clock yesterday evening.
10. He sent me an e-mail， _hoping____ （hope） to get further information.
11. _Founded(found)in 1636， Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.
12. _Having been shown__ (show) the classroom, we were taken to see the library.
13.The problem _being discussed___ (discuss) now is very important.
14 The problem __to be discussed__ (discuss) tomorrow is about saving resources.
15. The problem __discussed___ (discuss) yesterday reached no agreement.
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