综合教程6Unit05讲稿.pptx

,#,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,#,Unit 7 A Few Kind Words for Superstition,By Robertson Davies,The Author,Robertson William Davies,1913-1995,，,Canada,writer,journalist,professor,acknowledged as an outstanding essayist&brilliant novelist.,earned a degree in literature from Oxford.,In 1961,appointed Master of Massey College,梅西学院,at the University of Toronto&remained at that post until his retirement.,the first Canadian to become an Honorary Member of,the American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters,The American Academy of Arts and Letters is a 250-member,organization,which has as its goal to,“foster,assist,and sustain excellence”.,Membership in the Academy is considered,the highest formal recognition of artistic merit,in the United States.,Pre-reading Activities,What does,superstition,refer to?,Can you give,an example of superstition,?,Why,do people still cling to superstition handed downed through the centuries?,Superstition,“,old wives tales,”,a,credulous,krdls,belief,or notion,not based on,reason,or,knowledge,refer to,folk beliefs,deemed irrational.,Super-nature/apparition(ghost)/omens,commonly applied to beliefs and practices surrounding,luck,prophecy,prfsi预言 and,spiritual beings,particularly the belief that,future,events can be foretold by specific unrelated prior events.,Pre-reading Activities,Clay,hamsa,on a wall,to protect the inhabitants,from harm,voo-doo dolls,FRIDAY THE 13TH-how did Friday the thirteenth become such an unlucky day?,fear of Friday the 13th is rooted in ancient,separate bad-luck associations with the number 13 and the day Friday.The two unlucky entities combine to make one super unlucky day.,BIRTHDAY CAKE,If you blow out all the candles on your birthday cake with the first puff you will get your wish.,BELL,Ring out the old year and ring in the new year,The sound of bells drives away demons because theyre afraid of the loud noise.When a bell rings,a new angel has received his wings.(fireworks),CRACK,Dont step on a crack on a sidewalk or walkway.,Step on a crackBreak your mothers back.,BEE,If a bee enters your home,its a sign that you will soon have a visitor.If you kill the bee,you will have bad luck,or the visitor will be unpleasant.,(Magpie m,pa)/crow/owl,AMBULANCE,Seeing an ambulance is very unlucky unless you pinch your nose or hold your breath until you see a black or a brown dog.,Touch your toesTouch your nose,Never go in one of thoseUntil you see a dog.,Analysis,1:Para(1-2)Introduction,2:Para(3-6)four types,3:Para(7-11)history,popularity&reasons for its popularity,4:Para12 concluding,Text Analysis,In the first section the author tells of peoples different reactions to superstition and the rampant superstition among learned people.,The second section serves as a description of the four manifestations of superstition.,The third section is an analysis of the history and characteristics of superstition.,The last section concludes the whole essay.,Test UR Memory,condemn,deplore,devout,divination,ab,solve,sub,merge,chro,nicle,proliferate,compulsion,discredit,written records of historical events,prediction,free sb from guilt,sink below the surface,strongly disapprove,grow rapidly,to criticize strongly,cause to be distrusted,pious,a strong desire to do sth,Paragraph 1sentences,In grave discussion of,“the renaissance of the irrational”,in our time,superstition does not,figure,largely as a serious challenge to reason or science.,the renaissance of the irrational,the revival of the irrational things/weird things,Renaissance,文艺复兴,the period of European history at the close of the Middle Ages and the rise of the modern world;,a cultural rebirth from the 14th through the middle of the 17th centuries,the revival of learning and culture,;rebirth,figure,figure:,be or play a,n important,part of or in,是,重要部分,The question of the peace settlement is likely to figure prominently in the talks.,和平解决的问题很可能是这次谈判的重点。,我对这个问题的意见似乎根本无足轻重。,My feeling about the matter didnt figure at all.,superstition does not figure largely as a serious challenge to reason or science.,superstition is not a great threat to reason and science,Paraphrase,In grave discussion of,“the renaissance of the irrational”,in our time,superstition does not,figure,largely as a serious challenge to reason or science.,In serious discussions of the revival of the irrational things in our time,people dont think that superstition is a great threat to reason or science.,parapsychology:phenomena that appear to contradict physical laws and suggest the possibility of causation by mental processes,诡异心理学,通灵学,transcendental meditation:Note 3,instant enlightenment:Note 4,condemn,:to express strong disapproval of,deplore,:to,express strong disapproval of,;regret strongly,Sentence 2,Is it because it has an unacknowledged hold on so many of us?,Is it because it has an unrecognized control on many of us?,Language work,irrational,adj.not consistent with or using reason,Their actions may be qualified as irrational.,他们的行动可视为无理性的。,He had an irrational belief that everybody was his enemy.,他有个荒谬的信念,以为人人都是他的仇敌。,condemn,express strong disapproval of,Some praise him,whereas others condemn him.,有些人赞扬他,而有些人谴责他。,His anger,condemn and jealousy will be erupted like volcano.,他积压的愤怒、妒忌和谴责会象火山爆发。,在指责中成长的孩子，容易怨天尤人。,If children live with criticism,they learn to condemn.,deplore,express strong disapproval of,;regret strongly,And we deplore the violence against innocent civilians anywhere that it takes place.,我们强烈反对发生在世界任何地方的针对无辜平民的暴力。,你自己的哪个特点让你觉得最痛恨？,What is the trait you most deplore in yourself?,Paragraph 2,Question:What is the common assumption about people who believe in superstition?What is the authors comment on this kind of assumption?,It is commonly believed that people who believe in superstition are ignorant and nave.,Superstition flourish among learned people in his university.,Sentence,and I see superstition in its four,manifestations,alive and,flourishing,among people who are,indisputably,rational and learned.,I see four ways in which superstition shows itself,very actively,among those people who are,undoubtedly,reasonable and well-educated.,Language work,superstitious,showing ignorance o,f,the laws of nature and faith in magic or chance,Gamblers and adventure,r,s are generally,superstitious.,赌徒和冒险家往往很迷信。,Im not usually superstitious,but yesterday was a VERY unlucky day.,我通常并不迷信，但昨天实在运气太不好了。,迷信的人认为那是一种恶兆。,The superstitious regard it as a bad omen.,navet,(,n.,),lack of sophistication or worldliness,I like the naivete of children and living simply.,我喜欢小孩子的纯真和平淡从容的生活.,He finds the naivete of the young officer very engaging.,他觉得这位青年军官那种天真烂漫的忠心耿耿非常可爱。,naive(adj.),I remember in 1997,when I was a naive child.,记得1997年，那时我还是一个不懂事的孩。,manifestation,a clear appearance,Language is both the carrier and main manifestation of culture.,语言是文化的载体,是文化的主要表现形式,The special type,of,appendicitis,K,pndsats,has the special clinical manifestation.,特殊类型阑尾炎有特殊的临床表现。,这些难道不是上帝的力量的表现么？,Are these not the manifestation of God,s power?,flourishing,having or showing vigorous vegetal or animal life,He came to Shanghai,the flourishing metropolis,to search for a developing opportunity.,他来到上海，这个繁华的大都市，来寻找发展的机会。,这里的服装业非常兴盛。,The clothing industry here is flourishing.,indisputably,undoubtedly,not open to question;obviously true,The choices are indisputably difficult,and Mr.Obama may be trying to keep his options open.,奥巴马面临着艰难的抉择，也许他是希望他的选择可以更公开。,This painting is indisputably one of his finest works.,这幅画无疑是他最好的作品之一。,Paragraph 3,Question:What does the author imply when he says“he didnt smile until I asked him what he was doing”?,The learned professor truly believed in what he was doing and performed the whole thing seriously.,theologian:,n.someone who is learned in theology or who speculates about theology神学者,theology:the rational and systematic study of religion and its influences and of the nature of religious truth,Vain Observances:Note 5,observance,the act of,observing,墨守成规,pedantic p,dntk,observance of the rules,The worker was praised for his observance of the rules.,这个工人因为严格遵守规则而受到了表扬。,Paragraph 4,divination/consulting oracles,Question:,What does the last but two sentence“Almost,but not quite”mean?,It is a response to the preceding statement“their general level of education seems to absolve them of superstition.”The author suggests that the education they have received may not be able to help them to get rid of superstition.,absolve,to state formally that sb is not guilty/responsible for sth,宣告无罪，免除责任,This cannot absolve you from all responsibilities.,这并不能解除你的全部责任,.,He cannot entirely absolve himself of the charge.,他不能完全开脱掉这一指责。,appeal to,appeal to sb against sth,上诉，申诉,to attract/interest sb,有吸引力；有感染力,appeal to sb for sth,呼吁，请求，恳求,appeal to sth,启发，劝说,egs.They needed to appeal to his sense of justice.,他们需要激发他的正义感。,The design has to appeal to all ages and social groups.,appeal to a higher court,appeal to the public,appeal to God,Sentence,There are thousands of people on this planet who,appeal to,I ching,and their general level of education seems to,absolve,them of superstition.,There are thousands of people in this world who are,fascinated,by the,I ching,and their,level of education seems high enough to free them from superstition.,I Ching,The,I Ching,(,Wade-Giles,)or“Y Jng”,also known as the Book of Changes,Classic of Changes,and Zhouyi,is one of the oldest of the,Chinese classic texts,.The book contains a,divination,system.,In,Western,cultures and modern East Asia,it is still widely used for this purpose.,P116 Note 6,Language Workdivination,the act of finding out and saying what will happen in the future,by supernatural means占卜，预言,A Crystal Balls is an oracle of divination.,水晶球是预言式的神谕,.,占卜是一种预见未来的魔法。,Divination is magic which attempts to forsee future events.,Paragraph 5,Idolatrythe practice of worshipping idols.It sometimes mean too much admiration for someone or sth.,Here it refers to the students unreasonable belief in the“bringers of luck”.,“Modest idolatry”,is an,oxymoron,ksimr,n.,矛盾修辞法,.The adjective“modest”tones down the seriousness of the matter.,Modest:,not large but sufficient in size/amount;moderate,a modest salary/modest inflation,oxymoron,An oxymoron is a,figure of speech,that combines contradictory terms.,Forward retreat,Deafening silence,Silent Scream,Sweet sorrow,Paragraph 6,The fourth form is Improper Worship of the True God.,he was pricing God cheap,offering God two dollars for help was too little,the scientific oracle went against him,God did not help him.,Paragraph 7Sentence 1,Superstition seems to run,a submerged river of crude religion,below the surface of human consciousness.,superstition is an invisible force(a submerged river)that is in some way like religion.,Sentence 2,Most people keep their terror within bounds,but they cannot root it out,nor do they seem to want to do so.,Most people can control their terror,but they can not get rid of it,and they seem dont want to do so.,Question:,Why does the author mention the Latin word“,supersisto,”?,The Latin word means standing in terror of the Deity.The author believes that superstition finds its way in the human heart,because people cannot root out terror although they can manage to keep it within bounds.,Paragraph 8,Sentence 1,The more the teaching of formal religion declines,or takes a sociological form,the less God appears to great numbers of people as a God of Love,resuming his older form of a watchful,minatory power,to be placated and cajoled.,placate,to make sb feel less angry about sth,安抚；平息（怒气）,He never attempts to placate his enemies.,他从不企图安抚敌人。,你最好安抚你家人的怒气。,You had better placate your parent,s.,placation,placatory,cajole kdol vt.,cajole sb into sth/doing sth,to make sb do sth by talking to them and being very nice to them,劝诱,哄骗,He cajoled me into agreeing to do that work.,他诱骗我同意干那活儿。,这小姑娘哄得她爸爸给她买了一件新衣服。,The little girl cajoled her father into buying her a new dress.,“The more,the less”,The sentence implies that religion is not as powerful as it used to be.By contrast,the subsequent sentence indicates that superstition prevails and persists in all kinds of people,ranging from ignorant young children to learned professors.,unbidden,not invited/requested,The unbidden guest have nowhere to sit.,不速之客无处可坐。,The word floated back to him,unbidden.,这个词语不由自主地回现在他的脑中。,I,t was as if I had come unbidden into their personal gardens,.,好像我成了他们私人花园的不速之客。,compulsion,strong pressure that make sb do sth he does not want to do,强迫，强制,a strong desire to do sth,esp.sth wrong,silly/dangerous,强烈的欲望；冲动,egs.There are no,s on students to attend class.,Gambling is a compulsion with him.,John will take his medicine only by compulsion.,Trans:,没有人强迫你立刻付钱。,U R under no to pay immediately.,他感到一阵想要飞车的强烈欲望。,He felt a great compulsion to drive too fast.,compulsive:,eating/gambling/drinker/liar,compulsory:,course,pel or compulse?,The psychoanalysts have their explanation,but,calling a superstition a compulsion neurosis does not banish it.,Psychoanalysts may say that a superstition is a compulsion neurosis,but this does not solve the problem,because it can not root it out.,Question:,What dose the author imply by this sentence?,The author suggests that scientists might be able to provide reasonable explanations for superstition,but they can not root it out.,Samuel Johnson,Samuel Johnson(18 September 1709 13 December 1784),often referred to as Dr Johnson,was an English author who made lasting contributions to,English literature,as,a poet,essayist,moralist,literary critic,biographer,editor and,lexicographer,.,Johnsons,Dictionary of the English Language,published in 1755 had a far-reaching effect on,Modern English,and has been described as“one of the greatest single achievements of scholarship.”The,Dictionary,brought Johnson popularity and success.,He has been described as“arguably the most distinguished man of letters in English history”.,Paragraph 9&10,One of the characteristics of superstition its,persistent popularity,regardless of,time,race,creed,and even,modern science,.,Question:,No.1 How does the author prove that people of all races are superstitious?,By supplying examples of the Orthodox Jews,the Chinese,people in Middle Europe and the Melanesians.,No.2 Why does the author mention astrology in Para 10?,To show that superstition is indifferent to time and science,because it has been popular all the time,whether in ancient Rome or in contemporary society.,Para 9 Sentence 1,Many superstitions are so widespread and so old that they must have risen from a depth of,the human mind that is indifferent to race or creed.,Many superstitions are so common and old that they must have been deeply rooted in,the human mind.And they have nothing to do with race or creed.,Sentence 2,that far antedates the religions we know,that has a much longer history than the religions we know,antedate,To be of an earlier date than;precede in time.,That event antedated World War.,那事件发生在第二次世界大战之前。,ante-prefix:before,in fro