英语专业语言学历年真题试卷汇编.doc

英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编29
(总分：88.00，做题时间：90分钟)
一、 填空题(总题数：12，分数：24.00)
1.The structural approach to the analysis of language was started by the Swiss linguist 1 in the beginning of the twentieth century. (中山大学研)
（分数：2.00）
填空项1:__________________ （对的答案：对的答案：Saussure）
解析：解析：对语言的构造性分析措施是在20世纪初，由瑞士语言学家索绪尔启动的，他被称为“现代语言学之父”和一位“使语言学走向现代的大师”。
2.Functional Sentence Perspective (FSP) is a theory of linguistic analysis which describes how 1is distributed in sentences. (中山大学研)
（分数：2.00）
填空项1:__________________ （对的答案：对的答案：information）
解析：解析：功能句子观是一套语言学分析理论，它是指用信息论的原理来分析话语或文本。
3.Systemic-Functional Grammar, unlike traditional grammar which takes sentence as the largest unit, takes 1as the basic unit. (中山大学研)
（分数：2.00）
填空项1:__________________ （对的答案：对的答案：clause）
解析：解析：与老式语法不一样，系统功能语法把句子作为最大单位，把分句作为最小单位。
4.In Halliday's Systemic Grammar, a system is a list of things between which it is possible to choose. So they are meanings, which the grammar can distinguish. The items in a system are called 1. (中山大学研)
（分数：2.00）
填空项1:__________________ （对的答案：对的答案：options）
解析：解析：系统就是存在于语法中的一系列选择。系统语法的目的是要阐明语言作为系统的内部底层关系，它是与意义有关联的可供人们不停选择的若干子系统构成的系统网络。
5.The principal representative of American descriptive linguistics is L. Bloomfield, whose book 1 (1933) was once held as the model of scientific methodology. (中山大学研)
（分数：2.00）
填空项1:__________________ （对的答案：对的答案：Language）
解析：解析：布龙菲尔德是描述语言学的重要代表，他的著作《语言》曾被当做科学措施的典范。
6.The publication of Syntactic Structures (1957) marked the beginning of the 1. (中山大学研)
（分数：2.00）
填空项1:__________________ （对的答案：对的答案：Chomsky Revolution）
解析：解析：1957年，乔姆斯基写了一本名为《句法构造》的著作，这本书标志着“乔姆斯基改革时代”的到来，从此，乔姆斯基在语言学界的地位变得极为重要。
7.In 1979, Chomsky delivered a series of lectures Pisa, Italy, which were revised later and published under the tide of 1. (中山大学研)
（分数：2.00）
填空项1:__________________ （对的答案：对的答案：Lectures on Government and Binding）
解析：解析：1979年，乔姆斯基开展了一系列的讲座，之后把讲座内容写成一本书，叫做《管辖与约束》，即修正的扩展的原则理论。
8. 1is an approach that stresses the relationships of elements in a sentence. It is a type of generative grammar developed by C.J. Fillmore. (中山大学研)
（分数：2.00）
填空项1:__________________ （对的答案：对的答案：Case Grammar）
解析：解析：格语法是美国语言学家菲尔墨在60代中期提出来的，它是着重探讨句法构造与语义之间关系的一种语法理论和语义学理论。
9. 1, born in 1 928, is all American linguist, educator, and political activist. He is the founder of transformational-generative grammar, a system that revolutionized modem linguistics.(北京邮电大学研)
（分数：2.00）
填空项1:__________________ （对的答案：对的答案：Norman Chomsky）
解析：解析：乔姆斯基，生于1928年，是美国著名的语言学家，教育家。他是转换生成语法的创始人。
10.The Prague School is best known and remembered for its contribution to phonology and the distinction between 1and phonology.
（分数：2.00）
填空项1:__________________ （对的答案：对的答案：phonetics）
解析：解析：布拉格学派重要的奉献是对音系学的研究和对音系学与语音学的辨别。
11.Chomsky argues that LAD probably consists of three elements, that is a 1, linguistic universal, and an evaluation procedure.
（分数：2.00）
填空项1:__________________ （对的答案：对的答案：hypothesis-maker）
解析：解析：乔姆斯基的语言习得机制由3个元素构成：对语言的假想，语言的普遍性和评价。
12.Systemic-Functional Grammar takes the actual uses of language as the object of study, while Chomsky's TG Grammar takes the ideal speaker's linguistic 1 as the object of study.
（分数：2.00）
填空项1:__________________ （对的答案：对的答案：competence）
解析：解析：系统功能语法把实际中的语言现象当做其研究对象，而乔姆斯基的转换生成语法把理想说话者的语言能力作为研究对象。
二、 判断题(总题数：6，分数：12.00)
13.Functional grammar is an approach to linguistics that goes in through meaning. (对外经贸研)
（分数：2.00）
 A.真
 B.假 √
解析：解析：功能语法的基础是语言系统及其成分由它们所提供的作用和功能所决定，而非其意义。
14.According to the innateness hypothesis, infants are born able to speak a language. (北二外研)
（分数：2.00）
 A.真
 B.假 √
解析：解析：乔姆斯基的天赋假设是说，小朋友与生俱来拥有一种语言学习的能力，叫做“语言习得机制”。即小朋友天生拥有语法关系及语法范围的知识，而不是说孩子天生就会说话。
15.In the Classical theory, Chomsky's aim is to make linguistics a science. This theory is characterized by three features: (1) emphasis on prescription of language; (2) introduction of transformational rules; and (3) grammatical description regardless of language formation. (南开大学研)
（分数：2.00）
 A.真
 B.假 √
解析：解析：乔姆斯基的古典理论有三个特点：(1)重视语言的生成能力，而非规定性；(2)转换规则的简介；(3)语法描述，不研究意义，而非不研究语言形式。
16.Generative grammar is a system of rules that in some explicit and well-defined way assigns structural descriptions to sentences. (南开大学研)
（分数：2.00）
 A.真 √
 B.假
解析：解析：乔姆斯基用“生成语法”这一概念来指“一套用来给句子进行构造描写，定义明确严格的规则系统”。
17.American Structuralism is a branch of diachronic linguistics that emerged independently in the United States at the beginning of the twentieth century.
（分数：2.00）
 A.真
 B.假 √
解析：解析：美国构造主义是共时语言学的一种分支，独立地诞生于二十世纪初的美国，它并不是历时语言学的分支。
18.If two sentences have exactly the same ideational and interpersonal functions, they would be the same in terms of textual coherence.
（分数：2.00）
 A.真
 B.假 √
解析：解析：概念功能和人际功能完全相似的两个句子可以有不一样的语篇功能。
三、 单项选择题(总题数：5，分数：10.00)
19.According to______ theory, grammar refers to the initial state of the human language faculty. (西安外国语学院研)
（分数：2.00）
 A.Saussure's
 B.Bloomfield's
 C.Chomsky's
 D.Halliday's √
解析：解析：韩礼德认为，人类语言能力的最初形式即是对语法知识的理解。
20.______rules may change the syntactic representation of a sentence. (西安交通大学研)
（分数：2.00）
 A.Generative
 B.Transformational √
 C.X-bar
 D.Phrase structure
解析：解析：乔姆斯基的转换规则会变化一种句子的句法构造。
21.Generally speaking, the______specifies whether a certain tagmeme is in the position of the Nucleus or of the Margin in the structure.
（分数：2.00）
 A.Slot √
 B.Class
 C.Role
 D.Cohesion
解析：解析：派克认为，语言的三种等级系统中的每一种层次都具有轨位、类别、作用和接应这四个特点的语言单位。轨位决定了法位在构造中是处在关键还是边缘位置。
22.The most important contribution of the Prague School to linguistics is that it sees language in terms of______.
（分数：2.00）
 A.function √
 B.meaning
 C.signs
 D.system
解析：解析：布拉格学派将语言看作是在所属语言群体中发挥一系列功能的工具，这是其对语言学界的一大奉献。
23.Chomsky follows______in philosophy and mentalism in psychology.
（分数：2.00）
 A.empiricism
 B.behaviourism
 C.rationalism √
 D.mentalism
解析：解析：乔姆斯基在他的研究中运用了心理学中的理性主义和哲学中的心灵主义。
四、 简答题(总题数：6，分数：12.00)
24.Why is Saussure hailed as the father of modem linguistics? (四川大学研)
（分数：2.00）
__________________________________________________________________________________________
对的答案：(对的答案：Saussure occupies such an important place in the history of linguistics that he is often described as "father of modern linguistics": (1) The book Course in General Linguistics (1916), which is the most important source of Saussure's ideas, marked the beginning of modern linguistics. (2) Saussure was the first to notice the complexities of language. He believed that language is a system of signs, called conventions. He held that the sign is the union of the signifier and the signified. (3) By providing answers to questions concerning many aspects of language, Saussure made clear the object of study for linguistics as a science. His ideas on the arbitrary nature of sign, on the relational nature of linguistic units, on the distinction of langue and parole and of synchronic and diachronic linguistics, etc. pushed linguistics into a brand new stage.)
解析：
25.What are the three important points of the Prague School? (北交大学研)
（分数：2.00）
__________________________________________________________________________________________
对的答案：(对的答案：The three important points developed in Prague School are: (a) It was stressed that the synchronic study of language is fully justified as it can draw on complete and controllable material for investigation but no rigid theoretical barrier is erected to separate diachronic study. (b) There was an emphasis on the systemic character of language. (c) Language was looked on as functional in another sense, that is, as a tool performing a number essential functions or tasks for the community using it.)
解析：
26.What are the major concerns of the Prague School theory? (北航研)
（分数：2.00）
__________________________________________________________________________________________
对的答案：(对的答案：Three points of the Prague School theory are of special importance. First, it was stressed that the synchronic study of language is fully justified as it can draw on complete and controllable material for investigation. Second, there was an emphasis on the systemic character of language. Third, language was looked on as functional in another sense. Based on these ideas, the Prague School practiced a special style of synchronic linguistics, and made great contribution to phonology and the distinction between phonetics and phonology. Its most important contribution is that it sees language in terms of function.)
解析：
27.What is your understanding of Systemic Functional Grammar? (北航研)
（分数：2.00）
__________________________________________________________________________________________
对的答案：(对的答案：Systemic functional grammar, developed by M. A. K. Halliday, is a socially oriented functional linguistic approach and one of the most influential linguistic theories in the twentieth century. Systemic functional grammar is based on two facts; Language users are actually making choices in a set of systems and trying to realize different semantic functions in social interaction. Language is inseparable from social activities of man. Thus, it takes actual uses of language as the object of study. One point to notice is that it takes clause as the basic unit. It consist of two inseparable parts: systemic grammar and functional grammar.)
解析：
28.What is behaviourism?
（分数：2.00）
__________________________________________________________________________________________
对的答案：(对的答案：Behaviourism is a principle of scientific method, based on the belief that human beings cannot know anything they have not experienced. Behaviourism in linguistics holds that children learn language through a chain of "stimulus-response reinforcement", and the adult's use of language is also a process of "stimulus-response".)
解析：
29.What is the relationship between linguistics and behaviorism according to Bloomfield?
（分数：2.00）
__________________________________________________________________________________________
对的答案：(对的答案：For Bloomfield, linguistics is a branch of the positivistic brand of psychology known as "behaviourism". When the behaviourist methodology entered linguistics via Bloomfield's writings, the popular practice in linguistic studies was to accept what a native speaker says in his language and to discard what he says about it. This is because of the belief that a linguistic description was reliable when based on observation of unstudied utterances by speakers; it was unreliable if the analyst had resorted to asking speakers questions such as "Can you say ... in your language?")
解析：
五、 名词解释(总题数：7，分数：14.00)
30.Ferdinand de Saussure (中山大学研)
（分数：2.00）
__________________________________________________________________________________________
对的答案：(对的答案：Ferdinand de Saussure is a Swiss linguist who is often described as "father of modern linguistics". The great work, Course in General Linguistics, which was based on his lecture notes, marked the beginning of modern linguistics. Saussure's idea on the arbitrary nature of sign, one the relational nature of linguistic units, on the distinction of langue and parole and of synchronic and diachronic linguistics, etc. pushed linguistics into a brand new stage.)
解析：
31.Textual function (西安外国语学院研)
（分数：2.00）
__________________________________________________________________________________________
对的答案：(对的答案：Textual function: The textual function is one of the three meta-functions language is composed of. It refers to the fact that language has mechanisms to make any stretch of spoken or written discourse into a coherent and unified text and make a living message different from a random list of sentences.)
解析：
32.The London School of Linguistics (中山大学研)
（分数：2.00）
__________________________________________________________________________________________
对的答案：(对的答案：The London School generally refers to the kind of linguistic scholarship in England. The man who turned linguistics proper into a recognized distinct academic subject in Britain was J. R. Firth.)
解析：
33.Surface structure (四川大学研)
（分数：2.00）
__________________________________________________________________________________________
对的答案：(对的答案：Surface structure: It is a term used in generative grammar to refer to the final stage in the syntactic representation of a sentence, which provides the input to the phonological component of the grammar, and which thus most closely corresponds to the structure we articulate and hear. For instance, "John is easy to please." and "John is eager to please." are two sentences with the same surface structure.)
解析：
34.Transformational-Generative grammar (浙江大学研)
（分数：2.00）
__________________________________________________________________________________________
对的答案：(对的答案：Transformational-generative grammar is proposed by Noam Chomsky. He postulated a syntactic base of language (called deep structure), which consists of a series of phrase-structure rewrite rules, i. e. , a series of (possibly universal) rules that generates the underlying phrase-structure of a sentence. The end result of a transformational-generative grammar is a surface structure that is identical to an actual sentence of a language, after the mediating of a series of rules (called transformations) that act upon the deep structures.)
解析：
35.Language Acquisition Device (LAD) (武汉大学研)
（分数：2.00）
__________________________________________________________________________________________
对的答案：(对的答案：Language Acquisition Device: LAD refers to an innate faculty of language in general with which children are born. It is posited by Chomsky, who argues that LAD probably consists of three elements; a hypothesis-maker, linguistic universal, and an evaluation procedure.)
解析：
36.Innateness hypothesis
（分数：2.00）
__________________________________________________________________________________________
对的答案：(对的答案：The " Innateness Hypothesis" of child language acquisition was proposed by Noam Chomsky, who states that language are somewhat innate and that children are born with what he calls a language acquisition device, which is a unique kind of knowledge that fits them for language learning.)
解析：
六、1 举例阐明题(总题数：8，分数：16.00)
37.A discussion on Saussure as the father of modern linguistics. (武汉大学研)
（分数：2.00）
__________________________________________________________________________________________
对的答案：(对的答案：Saussure was the first to notice the complexities of language. He believed that language is a system of signs. To communicate ideas, signs must be part of a system of signs, called conventions. He held that the sign is the union of a form (signifier) and an idea (signified) , and it is the central fact of language. By providing answers to questions concerning many aspects of language, Saussure made clear the object of study for linguistics as a science. Saussure exerted two kinds of influence on modern linguistics. First, he provided a general orientation, a sense of the task of linguistics which has seldom been questioned. Second, he influenced modern linguistics. Many of the developments of moder