精读4Unit11最终版.pptx

,#,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,#,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,#,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,#,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,#,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,#,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,#,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,#,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,#,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,#,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,#,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,#,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,#,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,#,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,#,#,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,#,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,#,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,#,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,#,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,#,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,#,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,#,大学生与法 第三章,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,#,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,Z C J,#,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,#,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,#,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,#,zcj,Unit 13,Soldiers heart,About the text,War has been one of the most favorite subjects in art and literature as well as in serious academic studies.In literature,war has been described as a conflict between justice and evil;a battle of wits and a demonstration of military powers,a display of noble patriotism and courage as well as a revelation of human wickedness,cruelty and stupidity.,The text,however,does not deal with any of this.It is a first-person narration of the second World War,veteran,about his personal experience,his feelings and sufferings during the war and the physical and psychological scars the war left him with.,Warming up,Do you know anything about the Veterans Day in America?,The holiday is celebrated on November 11.At 11:00,ceremonies and speeches are held about the soldiers who were in the war.,Voices,There were and are many bloody wars in the world.,Language itself cannot display the sorrow,grief and disasters suffered by people of different nations.,Iraq War is used only as an example in our hearing the voices from the world:,Peace,No War.,Birth,:,1923,birthplace:,Jamaica,dmeik,West Indies,Family and education background,:,-,the son of a lawyer of Scottish descent and a Russian mother,-emigrated to the U.S.A when he was 17 and went to study at Columbia University,-served in the Second World War on active duty in France,Holland,Belgium and Germany and then continued his university study,Work experience,:,a teacher at Columbia University and then at the university of California,Berkeley,and the State University of New York at Stony Brook,2.1 The author,Louis Simpson,1.The Arrivistes 1949,2.Good News of Death.Charles Scribners Sons.1955,3.A Dream of Governors:Poems.1959.,4.At the End of the Open Road,Poems.1963,5.Selected Poems.1965,6.Adventures of the Letter.1971,7.Armidale The Book Bus.1979.,8.Caviare at the Funeral.1980,9.The Best Hour of the Night.Ticknor&Fields.1983.,10.People Live Here:Selected Poems 194983.,11.Collected Poems.Paragon House.1988.,12.In the Room We Share.Paragon House.1990.,13.There you are:poems.Story Line Press.1995.,14.The Owner of the House:New Collected Poems,19402001.,15.Struggling Times.BOA Editions,Ltd.2009.,16.Voices in the Distance:Selected Poems.Bloodaxe Books.2010.,Poetry,Group work,The time is after dinner.CigarettesGlow on the lawn;Glasses begin to tinkle;TV sets,Have been turned on.The moon is brimming like a glass of beer Above the town,And love keeps her appointmentsHarrys here!Ill be right down.But the pale stranger in the furnished roomLies on his backLooking at paper roses,how they bloom,And ceilings crack.,当时用过了晚餐之后。香烟 在草坪明灭着；玻璃杯开始丁丁作响；彩电 也已经打开了,。,月亮仿佛一杯啤酒满溢着 在小城上晕开，有情人信守约会,“,哈里来了！”“我马上就下来。,”,宿舍里却有斯人面色苍白 仰卧于床榻上痴看纸叠的玫瑰，如何绽开，,天花板蹦蹦响。,glossary,Part I(paras.1-3):,Introduction,Life of an American soldier in France in June 1944,Part II(para.424):,Body,The soldiers experiences after the war,Part III(para.25-27):,Conclusion,The war and its aftermath on the soldier,Structure of the text,The author tells people why he keeps writing about his war experiences and his life after the war.Wars should be remembered because the people who have so bravely borne the hardships,sufferings and sacrifices of war should be remembered.These common people are people who deserve respect and admiration.,Theme,It is a first-person narration of World War II veteran about his personal experience,his feelings and sufferings during the war and the physical and psychological scars the war left him with,2.Main idea,zcj,Detailed study,Part 1,(para.1-3),Discussion:,1.Why did the author begin the essay the way he did?What purpose did it serve?,2.What is it about the war the author participated in that he found so difficult to forget?,Detailed Analysis,Part I:,(Paras.1-3),terminate,termination,terminator,terminative,terminal,terminable,terminability,n,.,终止；结束；终端,n,.,终结者,adj,.,结尾的；结束的,n,.,终点站，总站；终端,adj,.,终点的，末端的,adj,.,有期限的，可终止的,n,.,可终止性,A matter of,Things will get better:its just,a matter of time.,Learning a language is not just,a matter of memorizing words.,When I left the house I locked the door as,a matter of course.,If the sounds continue,the men will be seen scraping the surface of the earth with shovels and burying themselves in it until,like a species of animal,they vanish from sight.(Para.1),Obviously the soldiers are being bombarded.If the sound of planes does not stop,that is,if the planes do not drop their bombs,the men will be seen digging it until they disappear into the foxholes,（散兵坑）,.,There is a brief purring sound,then a rhythmic drumming.(Para2),This is description of the sound of the planes dropping bombs or guns firing shells rhythmically.,to purr,:to make a low,vibrating sound,to drum,:to make a sound like that of a drum,Shelter(n./v),They found,shelter,in a cave.,We took,shelter,from the rain under a tree.,Many people try to,shelter,their children from the outside world.,This new housing program will promise that all inhabitants will be,shelter,ed.,find/take/seek shelter from,躲避，避免,Shelter,通常指提供暂时的保护、免受伤害或攻击而被覆盖或包围的区域：,Cover,暗指提供庇护掩护之物，如灌木，夜色等,Retreat,主要用于某人为沉思、平静和独处退居的隐居场所：,Sanctuary,指神圣的或不可侵犯的避难场所：,Shelter retreat sanctuary cover,A cold frame provides,for the seedlings.,The army mounted the invasion under,of darkness.,Their cabin in the woods served as a,from the pressures of business.,Some of the political refugees found,in a monastery.,Key:,shelter/cover/retreat/sanctuary,In the old days:,infantry,cavalry,骑兵,and artillery,炮兵,In modern times:,Army,air force,navy,US marines,Why does the author use the present tense in the first three paragraphs?,To show the vividness of the memory and show how he relives the war every night in his dreams.,Detailed Analysis,Part II:,(Paras.4-24),Main idea:,The soldiers experiences after the war,A.His dim memories of university days after the war(paras.4-5),B.His hospitalization(paras.6-11),1.His illness:combat fatigue(paras.6-7),2.Hospital medical staff and guards(paras.8-9),3.His treatment(paras10),4.One of his symptoms:hearing voices(paras11),Structure:,C.His experiences after hospitalization(paras.12-19),1.Aftereffects of his war experiences(paras.12-13),2.His rejection by the university(paras.14),3.His return to the university after trying a few jobs(paras.15-16),4.His recurrent dream about his war experience(paras17-19),D.His purpose of writing about his experiences(paras.20-24),1.His fear that people will forget about those who died(paras.20-23),2.His hope that his experiences will help people face wars in the future(para.24),Discussion:,1.Where did the author go when he was discharged form the army?,2.Why did the author say that he only had a vague recollection of what he did in the university?,3.Why did people send him to a hospital?What was the nature of his trouble?,4.How does the author describe the hospital he was sent to and the doctors,nurses and guards working here?,Part II:,(Paras.4-24),discharge,To,discharge,a patient/a soldier.,a train,discharging,commuters,通勤者,.,To discharge,a pistol.,To,discharge,the defendant.,To,discharge,a court order,discharge sb.from an obligation,撤销,/,射击,/,放出；腾空,/,释放；使退伍,/,宣判,彻底无罪,/,开除,免除,(,义务,),One,person had it that(Para5),to have it that,:,to say that sth.is true,One rumor has it that the princess was trying too hard to get rid of the photographers.,Cf:,To have it in sb,:,(of sb)to have a particular ability,skill or quality,e.g.Im sure that she,has it in her,to be a great teacher.All she needs is some experience.,as a result of being shot at and shelled for months on end?(Para7),to be shot at,to be shot,:,on end,:(of time)without a break;continuously;successively;,The rain went on for days,on end,.,在广袤的沙漠中你可以一连开数英里的车而看不到一个人。,In wide desert you can drive for miles on end without seeing a single soul.,to be shot dead,shell,n.,贝壳,壳,外形,炮弹,vt.,去壳,脱落,炮轰,vi.,剥落,脱壳,the shell of a walnut,（胡桃）,a tear shell,（催泪弹）,illuminating shell,照明弹,a blind shell,未爆炸的炮弹,as easy as shelling peas,象剥豌豆一样容易,;,口,非常容易,cast the shell,脱壳,蜕皮,come out of ones shell,不再羞怯沉默,;,开始参加谈笑,go,/,retire into ones shell,害羞起来,;,沉默起来,;,不与人交谈,;,不友好,in the shell,(,雏鸟,),尚未孵出,;,在萌芽时期,;,在酝酿中,stop a shell,中弹,挂彩,;,阵亡,Youre scarcely out of the shell yet.,口,你乳臭未干。,shell out,俚,交,(,付,),出,(,该付的钱,);,还帐,they were spared a long engagement.(Para.7),they were lucky that they did not have to fight a long war.(The Gulf War started in January 1991 and ended in February the same year.),To be spared,：,to be allowed not to experience sth.difficult or unpleasant,He was happy that he,was spared,the shame of having to appear in court.,I think she should,be spared,the pain of seeing her sons torn body.,PTSD,（,post-traumatic stress disorder,）创伤后应激障碍,延迟性应激反应是由应激性事件或处境引起的延迟性精神障碍，又称创伤后应激障碍。应激源往往具有异常惊恐或灾难性质，使病人产生深度忧伤或悲痛，精神症状出现前有一潜伏期，发病一般在受刺激数周至几个月。,反复重现创伤性体验，即应激性事件重演的生动体验；反复出现创伤性梦境或恶梦；与他人疏远，对周围环境缺少反应；快感缺乏；回避对既往创伤处境或活动的回忆，害怕和回避想起遭受创伤的心情也较常见，通常存在植物神经过度兴奋状态，表现为过度警觉，惊跳反应的增高和失眠，亦可出现焦虑和抑郁情绪等人格变化，少数病人会出现消极自杀的意念，病程波动大多能恢复，少数病程达数年之久。,pass out,昏倒，失去知觉；分发,Kate,passed out,when she heard the shocking news.,I couldnt believe the fact that a strong man like him,passed out,when the cockroach crawled along his body.,pass away,(euph.)to die,pass through,They came to say hello as they were,passing through.,路过，经过,契诃夫,安东,帕夫洛维奇,契诃夫（,1860,年,1,月,29,日,1904,年,7,月,15,日），俄国,小说家,、戏剧家、十九世纪末期俄国,批判现实主义,作家，俄国的世界级,短篇小说,巨匠，其剧作也对,20,世纪戏剧产生了很大的影响。,1860,年生于罗斯托夫省塔甘罗格市，,1879,年进入莫斯科医科大学医学系，,1884,年毕业后在兹威尼哥罗德等地行医，广泛接触平民和了解生活，这对他的文学创作有良好影响。他坚持,现实主义,传统，注重描写俄国人民的日常生活，塑造具有典型性格的小人物，借此忠实反映出当时俄国社会现况。代表有,苦闷,、,变色龙,、,套中人,等。,1904,年,7,月,15,日与世长辞。,Ward No.6,Ward No.6,is a short story written by Chekhov.It describes a ward in a town hospital in Russia for patients who are suffering from mental illness.It is a gloomy,damp,stinking and overcrowded.The ward guards treated the patients as prisoners,beating and abusing them constantly.,sly,adj.acting or done in a secret,often cunning way,狡猾的,suggesting that one knows,会心,/,意的,It,was sly of you,not to tell me that youve been married.,当吉米进来的时候他向他的弟弟投去会意的一瞥。,He,cast a sly glance at,his brother when Jimmy came in.,This,he gave me to understand,was why he had been excused from,military service,.(Para9),He made me believe that this(the cutting off of his trigger finger)was the reason why he was able to escape being,drafted into,the army.,After graduation he decided to join the,services,.,Today,servicemen,are equipped with sophisticated weapons.,to give sb to understand:,(,fml,)to make sb believe that sth will happen or is true,e.g.,The doctor,gave me to understand that,my fathers days were numbered.,to excuse sb from sth,:to free sb from sth,The guard was obviously a,draft dodger,逃兵役者,.He had used dishonest methods(cutting off his finger deliberately)to avoid serving in the army.,I watched as the current passed through and the body convulsed.(Para10),I watched as the flow of electricity ran through the body and the body shook violently.,controversy,controversy about/over sth.,The authors new novel aroused a lot of,controversy.,The point,in controversy,is not whether we should do it,but whether we can do it.,controversial,adj,.,controversialist,n,.,controvert,v,.,controvertible,adj,.,有争议的,辩论者，好争论的人,争论，驳斥,可争论,/,辩论的,irremediable,adj.impossible to remedy,correct or repair,irremediable,errors in judgment,an,irremediable,loss,an,irremediable,mistake,Speaking only for myself,I think they brought me out of the fog in which I has been walking.(Para.10),As far as Im concerned,I think the shock treatment was effective and it helped me to regain my senses and become normal.,the fog:(,metaphor),a state of mental confusion or unawareness,to speak for sb/sth:,to express the thoughts,opinions,etc.of sb/sth,e.g.,别人想什么我不知道，我只是表达自己的观点。,What others think I do not know,I can only,speak for myself.,I believe Im,speaking for many others,present at this meeting when I say that we will never forget the things you have done for us in the past two years,.,I believe with Shakespeare that there are more things in heaven and earth than are dreamed of in the philosophy of those who serve the world,and who administer its institutions,and grow rich.(Para.11),I agree with what Shakespeare says,i.e.there are more important things in heaven and in the world,things that are missing in the philosophy of the rich and powerful,things that these people have never dreamed of.,I would keep and peeled for an enemy position.(Para13),I would be on the alert,watching carefully for an enemy position.Although the war was long over,his war habits still trying to spot an enemy position.,to keep an eye peeled/open/out for,:(infml)to look or watch carefully for;to be on the lookout for,have an eye,有,.,眼光,;,善于识别,;,能够欣赏,have an eye for,很能鉴赏,很能看出,have an eye on,注视,监视,have an eye to,顺便照看一下,;,重视,have an eye to the main chance,谋私利,;,唯利是图,have an eye(on/for/to),They had an eye,the spy.,The old man had an eye,fine art.,These corrupt officials had an eye,the chance.,Key:,on;for;to,Phrases and Expressions,a birds eye view,an eye for an eye,the eye of the storm,give sb.the glad eye,have an eye for sth.,in the eyes of the law,close ones eyes to sth.,鸟瞰,报复；以眼还眼,台风眼,抛媚眼,有眼力,/,光,从法律的角度看,对某事视而不见,How are we going to,get across,that?,get across,通过；使,.,被理解,Get down to business;,开始做正事，着手干正事,get on ones nerves,令人不安；使人精神紧张；使某人生气；惹恼人,My father is getting,.,He keeps forgetting things.,Come on.Lets get it,and done with.,His salary was low.But he managed to get,.,Her French was very limited.She found it difficult to get,her ideas.,Key:on;over;by;across,to and fro,来来回回,rain or shine,风雨无阻,up and down,往返,back and forth,前前后后,far and forth,到处，远处,far and near,远近,dos and donts,注意事项,sooner or less,高低贵贱,Take up,Lets take up where we left off,再次开始；重新开始,.,The extra duties took up most of my time,用尽，耗掉或占用,