MBA入学联考英语试题阅读部分.docx

[例21] 全国MBA入学联考英语试题阅读部分第二篇文章 讲义050813
Suppose you go into a fruiterer’s shop, wanting an apple – you take up one, and on biting it you find it is sour; you look at it, and see that it is hard and green. You take up another one, and that, too, is hard, green, and sour. The shopman offers you a third; but, before biting it, you examine it, and find that it is hard and green, and you immediately say that you will not have it, as it must be sour, like those that you have already tried.
Nothing can be more simple than that, you think; but if you will take the trouble to analyze and trace out into its logical elements that has been done by the mind, you will be greatly surprised. In the first place you have performed the operation of induction. You find that, in two experiences, hardness and greenness in apples went together with sourness. It was so in the first case, and it was confirmed by the second. True, it is a very small basis, but still it is enough from which to make an induction; you generalized the facts, and you expect to find sourness in apples where you get hardness and greenness. You found upon that a general law, that all hard and green apples are sour; and that, so far as it goes, is a perfect induction. Well, having got your natural law in this way, when you are offered another apple which you find it hard and green, you say, “All hard and green apples are sour; this apple is hard and green; therefore, this apple is sour.” That train of reasoning is what logicians call a syllogism (三段论法), and has all its various parts and terms – its major premises, its minor premises, and conclusion. And, by the help of further reasoning, which, if drawn out, would have to be exhibited in two or three other syllogisms, you arrive at your final determination. “I willnot have that apple.” So that, you see, you have, in the first place, established a law by induction, and upon that you have founded a deduction, and reasoned out the special particular case.
Well now, suppose, having got your conclusion of the law, that at some times afterwards, you are discussing the qualities of apple with a friend; you will say to him, “It is a very curious thing, but I find that all hard and green apples are sour!” Your friend says to you, “But how do you know that?” You at once apply, “Oh, because I have tried them over and over again, and have always found them to be so.” Well, if we were talking science instead of common sense, we should call that an experimental verification. And, if still opposed, you go further, and say, “I have heard from people. In Somersetshire and Devonshire, where a large number of apples are grown, and in London, where many apples are sold and eaten, that they have observed the same thing. It is also found to be the case in Normandy, and in North America. In short, I find it to be the universal experience of mankind wherever attention has been directed to the subject.” Whereupon, your friend, unless he is a very unreasonable man, agrees with you, and is perhaps he does not know hebelieves it, that the more extensive verifications have been made, and results of the same kind arrived at – that the more varied the conditions under which the same results are attained, the more certain is the ultimate conclusion, and he disputes the question no further. He sees that the experiment has been tried under all sorts of conditions, as to time, place, and people, with the same result; and he says with you, therefore, that the law you have laid down must be a good one, and he must believe it.
55. Apples are used ____________.
A. in order to convince the reader that fruit has no intellect
B. to illustrate the subject of the passage
C. to give color to the story
D. to show how foolish logic is
[例22] 全国MBA入学联考英语试题阅读部分第一篇文章
A little more than a century ago, Michael Faraday, the noted British physicist, managed to gain audience with a group of high government officials, to demonstrate an electrochemical principle, in the hope of gaining support for his work.
After observing the demonstrations closely, one of the officials remarked bluntly, “It’s a fascinating demonstration, young man, but just what practical application will come of this?”“I don’t know,” replied Faraday, “but I do know that 100 years from now you’ll be taxing them.”
From the demonstration of a principle to the marketing of products derived from that principle is often a long, involved series of steps. The speed and effectiveness with which these steps are taken are closely related to the history of management, the art of getting things done. Just as management applies to the wonders that have evolved from Faradayand other inventors, so it applied some 4,000 years ago to the working of the great Egyptian and Mesopotamian import and export firms… to Hannibal’s remarkable feat of crossing the Alps in 218 B.C. with 90,000 foot soldiers, 12,000 horsemen and a “conveyor belt” of 40 elephants… or to the early Christian Church, with its world-shaking concepts of individual freedom and equality.
These ancient innovators were deeply involved in the problems of authority, divisions of labor, discipline, unity of command, clarity of direction and the other basic factors that are so meaningful to management today. But the real impetus to management as an emerging profession was the Industrial Revolution. Originating in 18th-century England, it was triggered by a series of classic inventions and new processes; among them John Kay’s flying Shuttle in 1733. James Hargreaves’ Spinning Jenny in 1770, Samuel Crompton’s Mule Spinner in 1779 and Edmud Cartwright’s Power Loom in 1785.
51.The anecdote about Michael Faraday indicates that _____________________.
A. politicians tax everything
B. people are skeptical about the values of pure research
C. government should support scientists
D. he was rejected by his government
[例23] 全国MBA入学联考英语试题阅读部分第二篇文章第一段
By education, I mean the influence of the environment upon the individual to produce a permanent change in the habits of behavior, of thought and of attitude. It is in being thus susceptible (轻易受影响) to the environment that man differs from the animals, and the higher animals from the lower. The lower animals are influenced by the environment but not in the direction of changing their habits. Their instinctive responses are few and fixed by heredity（遗传；继承）. When transferred to an unnatural situation, such an animal is led astray by itsinstincts. Thus the “ant-lion” whose instinct implies it to bore into loose sand by pushing backwards with abdomen（腹部）, goes backwards on a plate of glass as soon as danger threatens, and endeavors, with the utmost exertions to bore into it. It knows no other mode of flight, “or if such a lonely animal is engaged upon a chain of actions and is interrupted, it either goes on vainly with the remaining actions (as useless as cultivating an unsown field) or dies in helpless inactivity”. Thus a net-making spider which digs a burrow and rims it with a bastion（堡垒）of gravel and bits of wood, when removed from a half finished home, will not begin again, though it will continue another burrow, even one made with a pencil.
56. What can be inferred from the example of the ant-lion in the first paragraph?
A. Instincts of animals can lead to unreasonable reactions in strange situation.
B. When it is engaged in a chain actions it cannot be interrupted.
C. Environment and heredity are two supplementary factors in the evolution of insects.
D. Along the lines of evolution heredity becomes less and environment more important.
第三章 阅读了解测试题型及解题技巧
1)主旨题What is the main idea of the passage?
What is the passage mainly about?
What does the passage mainly discuss?
What is the main point the author makes in the passage?
The passage is mainly about _____________.
The best title for the passage is _______________.
The passage could be entitled ___________.
The passage tells us ____________________.
The main idea of the second paragraph is __________.
What would be the most appropriate title for the passage?
Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
What is the purpose of the passage?
The purpose of the passage is ____________.
Which of the following is the author’s main purpose in the passage?
The article is written to explain ________________.
2)细节题… because ____________.
The reason for … is that ______________.
According to the writer, who (what, where, when) ______________?
In what year _______________?
Why is (are) _______________?
What does the example of … illustrate?
The author wants to prove with the example of … that _____________.
The … example implies that ____________________.
The example of … in the paragraph X is used to ________________.
3)词语释义题What is the possible meaning of the word “_________” in Line X, Paragraph X?
In Line X, the word “______” probably means ____________.
In Line X, the phrase “___________” probably means __________.
Which is the probable definition of the word “____________”.
The first sentence in the third paragraph tells us that __________________.
The sentence “______________” in the first paragraph implies that ___________.
4)推断题
It can be inferred from the passage that _______________.
It can be concluded from the passage that ______________.
The passage implies that ______________.
We can see (infer, conclude, learn) from the passage that ____________.
The author implies that ____________.
The first passage implies that ___________.
What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?
What does the passage suggest?Which does the second paragraph imply that ___________.
Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
What does the paragraph preceding this one probably discuss?
Where would this paragraph most probably be found?5)是非判断题
Which of the following is true according to the writer?
Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned according to the passage?
Which of the following statements is NOT included in the passage?
All of the following is true EXCEPT _____________.
6)判断作者观点和态度题
The author of the passage seems to be ____________.
The author’s attitude towards X is __________.
The author’s attitude towards X may best be summarized as one of the following words.
Which of the following the author is most likely to agree with?
What is the author’s opinion about ______________?
What is the tone of the passage?
The tone of the author can best be described as ______________.
The author of the passage seems to be in favor of the idea of ____________?
[例24] 全国MBA入学联考英语试题阅读部分第一篇文章
In recent years many countries of the world have been faced with the problem of how to make their workers more productive. Some experts claim the answer is to make jobs more varied. But do more varied jobs lead to greater productivity? There is evidence to suggest that while variety certainly makes the workers’ life more enjoyable, it does not actually make them work harder. As far as increasing productivity is concerned, then variety is not an important factor.
Other experts feel that giving the workers freedom to do their jobs in their own way is important and there is no doubt that this is true. The problem is that this kind of freedom cannot easily be given in the modern factory with its complicated machinery which must be used in a fixed way. Thus while freedom of choice may be important, there is usually very little that can be done to create it. Another important consideration is how much each worker contributes to the product he is making. In most of factories employers are now experimenting with having manysmall production lines rather than one large one, so that each worker contributes more to the production of the cars on his line. It would seem that not only is degree of worker contribution an important factor, but it is also one we can do something about.
To what extent does more money lead to greater productivity? The workers themselves certainly think this important. But perhaps they want more money only because the work they do is so boring. Money just lets them enjoy their spare time more. A similar argument may explain demands for shorter working hours. Perhaps if we succeed in making their jobs more interesting, they will neither want more money, nor will shorter working hours be so important to them.
24. In this passage, the author tells us _______________.
A. How to make the workers more productive.
B. Impossible factors leading to greater efficiency
C. To what extent more money leads to greater productivity.
How to make workers’ jobs more interesting
[例25] 全国MBA入学联考英语试题阅读部分第二篇文章
The Internet can make the news more democratic, giving the public a chance to ask questions and seek out facts behind stories and candidates, according to the head of the largest US on-line service.
“But the greatest potential for public participation is still in the future,” Steve Case, Chairman of America On-line, told a recent meeting on Journalism and the Internet sponsored by the Freedom Forum （讨论会）. However, some other experts often say the new technology of computers is changing the face of journalism, giving reporters access to more information and their readers a chance to ask questions and turn to different sources.
“You don’t have to buy a newspaper and be confined to the four corners of that paper any more,” Sam Meddis, on-line technology editor at USA today,observed about the variety of information available to computer users.
But the experts noted the easy access to the Internet also means anyone can post information for others to see. “ Anyone can say anything they want, whether it’s right or wrong,” said Case. Readers have to determine for themselves who to trust. “In a world of almost infinite voices, respected journalists and respected brand names will probably become more important, not less,” Case said.
The Internet today is about where radio was 80 years ago, or television 50 years ago or cable 25 years ago, he said. But it is growing rapidly because it provides people with fast access to news and a chance to comment on it.
25. The main topic of this passage is _________________.
A. the development of journalism
B. the rapid development of the Internet
C. the effect the Internet has on journalism
D. the advantages of the Internet
[例26] 全国MBA入学联考英语试题阅读部分第三篇文章
Internet is a vast network of computers that connects many of the world’s businesses, institutions, and individuals. The Internet, which means interconnected network of networks, links tens of thousands of smaller computer networks. These networks transmit huge amounts of information in the form of words, images, and sounds.
The Internet has information on virtually every topic. Network users can search through sources ranging from vast databases to sm