语态转换汉译英解析.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,#,Session 5:,如何翻译汉语中的主动语态,1,、,Homework,checking,2,、,Translating sentences in active voice in Chinese,3,、,Exercises,4,、,Summarizing,Homework,1,、,She told me that her master had dismissed her.No reason had been assigned;no objection had been made to her conduct.She had been forbidden to appeal to her mistress.Master:,男主人,mistress,：女主人,2,、,He was guided in his everyday life by an unshakable conviction that moral values are absolute.,参考译文：,1,、她告诉我男主人解雇了她，没有给出这么做的任何理由，对她的行为也没有提任何异议。此外,不许她向女主人求 情。,2,、日常生活中，他有一条不可动摇的信念，那就是：道德 标准至高无上。,或：日常生活中，一条不可动摇的信念指引着他，那就是：道德标准高于一切。,Homework,3,、,Governments of low-income countries must be persuaded to give greater priority to education in their discussions with donors,and to allocate to it a greater share of the savings from debt relief.,4,、,I felt uneasy for the whole day as I was aroused from deep sleep by the ringing of the telephone early in the morning,.,参考译文：,3,、在与捐助国进行商谈时必须说服低收入国家的政府部门将教育放在更重要的地位，并将债务减免款中的更大份额分配给教育部门。,4,、清晨电话铃声把我从梦中吵醒，我一天都无精打采。或：清晨我被电话铃声从梦中吵醒，一天都无精打采。,5,、,If there is any confusion or misunderstanding in the application,the patent might not be granted or the inventor might not be fully protected.,6,、,Rainbows are formed when sunlight passes through small drops of water in the sky.,参考译文：,5,、若专利申请中有令人费解或误解之处，则不授予专利 权，也不为发明人提供充分保护,/,专利申请者得不到充 分保护。,6,、彩虹是阳光穿过天空中的小水滴时形成的。或：阳光穿过天空中的小水滴时形成了彩虹。,汉语的主动语态转译为英语的被动语态,鉴于英汉两种语言在语态上的差别，英译汉时要根据汉语的语态特点，通过不同的方式，把被动语态转化为汉语的主动语态，而汉译英时，就要根据英语的语态特点和行文需要，很多情况下把汉语的主动语态转译为英语的被动语态。,例：困难克服了，工作完成了，问题也解决了。,The difficulties have been overcome,the task has been fulfilled/accomplished/done and the problem solved.,例：军备竞赛必须禁止。,例：文章总算写完了。,Military competition must be prohibited.,The article has finally been finished.,（一）形式主动、意义被动的句子,（二）,“,是,+,动词,+,的,”,的判断句,如果汉语句子中,“,是,”,后面接的是动词，而且句子表达的是科学的或客观的现象，原文也没有表明动作的发出者，这样的句子一般译成英语的被动语态。,例：知识分子的问题就是在这样的基础上提出来的。,The question of the intellectuals,was raised,on such a basis.,例：任何国家的主权都是不容侵犯的。,The sovereignty of no country should be violated.,例：语言是在实践的过程中逐渐形成的。,例：地基是石头砌成的，墙壁则是砖头垒的。,Languages are gradually formed in practice.,The foundation is made of stones and the wall of bricks.,（三）汉语的部分无主句,汉语中的一些关于科学技术或法律的或不愿说出动作发出者的无主句可以通过英译成被动语态来表达同样的语用功能。,例：不控制连锁反应，就会引起一场大爆炸。,If the chain reaction is not controlled,a big explosion will be caused.,例：通过特殊设计装置使发动机更有效地燃烧燃料，可以降低发动机一氧化碳的排放量。,The amount of carbon monoxide that an engine gives off can be reduced by special devices designed to make the engine burn fuel more efficiently.,例：可以认为有机化学这门科经历了三个主要阶段。,Organic chemistry may be considered as having,undergone,/,gone through,three main phrases.,例：对违法者要严惩不贷。,Those who break the law will be definitely punished.,英文的被动语态传达出原文客观公正的语气。,（四）一些带泛指主语的句子,汉语句子中如果有一些表示通称或泛指的主语，如,“,有人,”,、,“,大家,”,、,“,人们,”,等，而且句子表达的是一种真实的或客观的情况，可以译成英语的被动语态。,例：大家把他围住了，提出一个又一个的问题。例：大家都知道，电子是极为微小的负电荷。,He was surrounded and asked,questions one after another/a lot of questions,.,Electrons are known to be minute negative charges of electricity.It is known that,例：有人指责他玩忽职守。,例：人们普遍认为教育在很大程度上影响一个人的命运。,He was accused of negligence.,Education is commonly believed to have great influence on one,s destiny.,It is commonly believed that education has great influence on one,s destiny.,（五）汉语中一些特殊的无主句结构,汉语中以,“,据说,”,、,“,据报道,”,、,“,据谣传,”,、,“,必须指出,”,等开头的句子，一般英译成,“,It is+,过去分词,+that,从句,”,的形式。,例：据说，这项计划最终会取消。,It is said that the plan will finally be cancelled.,例：据报道，,2005,年上半年中国的经济增长率保持在,9.5%,。,例：据谣传，他与这事有关。,It is reported that,China maintained an economic growth rate of 9.5%,in the first half of 2005.,It is rumored that he,is involved in,this accident.,（六）表示通知、邀请、请求或动员的句子,汉语有些表示通知、邀请、请求或动员的句子，有时省略主语，有时使用,“,请,”,、,“,敬请,”,等，还有的结构比较完整，但语气比较正式。为了表示语气的委婉和正式，一般可以将用作书面语的这些汉语句子译成英语的被动语态，以获得语气上的对等和相同的语用效果。,例：今天邀请大家来开座谈会，主要是听听各位对这项计划的意见。,You have been invited to this forum today to,voice opinions/exchange ideas,about,this plan.,例：全体同学必须在本周五之前把所借图书归还图书馆。,All the students are required to return to the library all the books borrowed from it before Friday this week.,例：来宾请出示入场券。,Visitors are requested to show their tickets.Tickets are requested for the entrance.,例：请本大厦各租户协助我们的工作。,敬请告知汇款的详细地址。,Cooperation from all tenants would be appreciated.,Your information as to your detailed address for remittance would be appreciated.,1,、为成功实施双语幼儿保育和教育计划，需要训练有素的多语言工作人员。,双语幼儿保育,:bilingual ECCE programs,2,、人们普遍认为，教育达到的水平越高，艾滋病毒在人口中传播的概率越低。,3,、进攻的决定不是轻易做出的。,4,、那个偏远地区已经建起了一座核电站进行发电。,5,、稿子才写了一半，有人就把它撕了。,Homework,6,、他准备给我一份工作，这是我大吃一惊。,7,、认识落后，才能改变落后。,8,、国际上需要进一步努力，说服捐助国增加对基础教育的援助金额。,9,、敬请告知开户行和账户号以便我方尽快汇款。,10,、电流可分为直流和交流两种。,1.To successfully implement bilingual ECCE programs,trained,multilingual staff are needed.,2.It is commonly believed that the higher the level,of educational attainment is,the lower the rate of HIV infection within population will be.,3.The decision of attack was not,lightly,made.,4.A nuclear power station has been built to generate electricity in that remote,area.,5.The article was torn into pieces,after,only half of it,had been,finished.,6.I was astonished by his intention to offer me a job.,7.Backwardness must be realized/perceived before it can be shaken off.,8.Greater efforts will be needed internationally to convince donors to increase the amount/volume of aid for basic education.,9.Your information as to your opening bank and amount number would be appreciated so that the remittance could be made as soon as possible.,10.Electric currents can be classified into two kinds:direct current and alternating current.,