藏文拼读法次序初探.pdf

121(850000.)“”I06 A 2095-0039-2023-02-0121-12 2023-4-20基金项目：2020 年度国家社会科学基金项目“藏文语法文献典籍分类及其语法思想发展研究”(2022CXZX-179)171“”(1989-)2021 122 ()“”3 “”4 “”5 “”1 “”2 “”123 “”6 “”7 “”8 “124“”12 ”9 “”10 “”11 ka55 kha33 a22 a11 “”125 13 i u e o “”126 “”15 253250 14 “”127 “”17 “”18 “”16 “”“”128 “”21 “”22 “”23 “”24 “”19 “”20 129 ”27 “”28 “”29 “”30 “”25 “”26 “130 “”31 “”32 “”33 131 191112 M 2005:6;5;6;5.2161923303132 G 2013:169;169;169;171-172;172;172.3468182022242933 G 2013:138;138;140;139;140;140;141-142;142;142.515 G 2005:175;176.71721 M 1981:57;48;48.10 M 2017:219.13 M 2021:1269.14【新西兰】斯蒂芬罗杰费希尔.书写的历史 M.北京：中央编译出版社，2012:93.2528 G 2012:96;96.2627 G 2015:74;86.132藏文拼读法次序初探拉毛杰摘要:藏文已有 1400 年的历史，传播范围广，应用空间大。藏文的创制受到印度梵文的影响，所以藏文的字母属性是拼音文字体制。藏文拼读方法和拼读次序的研究能突显藏文的属性及不同于世界其它拼音文字的独特之处。以藏语传统语法为理论基础，结合现代语言学、音系学、文字学及古文字学等理论和研究方法，系统分析了藏文拼读方法和拼读次序。通过详细阐述三十颂和萨迦索南泽模、萨迦班智达更噶坚赞的观点，归纳出藏文拼读的三大次序，以及对各次序所包含的拼读方法进行比较，系统分析了藏文拼读的先后次序与彼此之间的密切关系，同时归纳出藏文拼读次序的变化规律：1.分读法。藏文分读的首要任务是认识和熟悉发音部位，其后依据发音部位加强训练 30 个辅音字母和 4 个元音字母。辅音字母的分组按发音部位的从后到前、咽喉到口腔的顺序排列，分别对应：喉音、颚音、齿音、纯音。每组内部符号根据发音方式和音位关联方式排列，分别是：不送气清辅音、送气清辅音、送气浊辅音、最后一个是鼻音。2.拼读法。按前加字、上加字、基字、下加字、后加字、重后加字等组成顺序训练拼读，每个音位的拼读有专用方法，从左向右、从上到下的书写方向是藏文字符独特的拼读顺序。3.连读法。以上两个次序的练习达到一定程度后，要进行名词和句子的连读训练，朗诵方式，规定所要达到的熟练标准。通过藏文拼读次序：分读、拼读、连读的分析，各自包含的九种拼读技巧，每个方法与技巧互为相辅相成的关系，构成了系统的文字拼读法理论。文字拼读方法的提出表现了藏族文字的属性和理论的完整性，为进一步了解语音和拼读方法的演变提供了有力证据。关键词:文字；拼读方法；拼读次序作者简介:拉毛杰(1989-)，男，藏族，青海共和人，西藏大学文学院2021级中国少数民族语言文学博士研究生。研究方向：藏语言文字与语法。A Preliminary Study on the Phonetic Order of Tibetan Language CharactersLhamo KyabAbstrac t:Written Tibetan has a history of roughly 1400 years,with a wide range of dissemination and a large space for application.The creation of Tibetan language was influenced by Indian Sanskrit,so the letter attribute of Tibetan language is the pinyin writing system.The study of Tibetan spelling methods and order can highlight the unique characteristics of Tibetan language and its differences from other pinyin writing systems in the world.Based on the traditional grammar of Tibetan language,combined with the theories and research methods of modern linguistics,phonology,grammatology and palaeography.This paper systematically analyzes the Tibetan spelling methods and spelling order.By elaborating on the viewpoints of the“Thirty Odes”,sa skya bsod nams rtse mo and sa skya paN Ti ta kun dga rgyal mtshan,this paper summarizes the three major orders of Tibetan spelling,compares the spelling methods included in each order,systematically analyzes the order of Tibetan spelling and the close relationship between each other,and summarizes the changes in the order of Tibetan spelling:1.Sorting reading method.2.Spelling method.3.Continuous reading method.Through the analysis of the Tibetan spelling order:divided reading,pinyin,and connected reading,each of the nine spelling techniques includes a complementary relationship between each method and technique,forming a systematic theory of text spelling.The proposal of the phonetic spelling method demonstrates the integrity of the attributes and theories of Tibetan script,providing strong evidence for further understanding the evolution of phonetics and spelling methods.Keywords:text,spelling method,spelling orderAbout the author:Lhamo Kyab(1989-),male,Tibetan,from Gonghe,Qinghai Province.Ph.D.,candidate at Xizang University.Research interests:Tibetan language writing and grammar.