资源描述
第四讲 七年级(下) Units 7—12
,中考基础知识梳理
类别
课标考点要求
词
汇
攻
关
1.rain→(形容词)__rainy__
2．sun→(形容词)__sunny__
3．bad→(比较级)__worse__
→(最高级)__worst__
4．dry→(反义词)__wet__
5．cold→(反义词)__hot__
6．warm→(反义词)__cool__
7．visit→(名词)参观者__visitor__
8．Canada→(形容词)__Canadian__
9．office→(形近词)军官，官员__officer__
10．north→(形容词)__northern__
→(合成词)东北__northeast__
11．high→(名词)__height__
12．farm→(名词)__farmer__
13．slow→(反义词)__fast/quick__
14．mouse→(复数)__mice__
15．act→(名词)动作__action__
→(名词)男演员__actor__
→(名词)女演员__actress__
16.person→(形容词)__personal__
17．wake→(形容词)__awake__
18．sheep→(复数)__sheep__
19．cheap→(反义词)__expensive/dear__
→(副词)__cheaply__
20．thin→(反义词)胖的__fat/heavy__
→(反义词)浓密的__thick__
→(比较级)__thinner__
→(最高级)__thinnest__
21．potato→(复数)__potatoes__
22．love→(形容词)__lovely__
23．nature→(形容词)__natural__
24．surprise→(形容词)__surprising/surprised__
25．different→(名词)__difference__
→(副词)__differently__
→(反义词)__same__
短
语
归
纳
1.警察局__police__station__
2．付费电话__pay__phone__
3．在……对面__across__from__
4．在……前面__in__the__front__of__
5．沿着……走__go__along__
6．向右/左转__turn__right/left__
7．花时间__spend__time__
8．喜欢阅读__enjoy__reading__
9．点菜__take__one's__order__
10．许愿__make__a__wish__
11．受欢迎，流行__get__popular__
12．给……带来好运__bring__good__luck__to…__
13．给奶牛挤奶__milk__a__cow__
14.骑马__ride__a__horse__
15．喂鸡__feed__chickens__
16．在乡下，在农村__in__the__countryside__
17．总的说来__all__in__all__
18．对……感兴趣__be__interested__in__
19．深夜不睡，熬夜__stay__up__late__
20．跑开__run__away__
21．放风筝__fly__a__kite__
22．搭起，举起__put__up__
23．吃惊__get__a__surprise__
24．上上下下__up__and__down__
25．把……弄醒__wake…up__
26．切碎__cut__up__
续表
类别
课标考点要求
句
型
再
现
1.“北京的天气怎么样？”“天气晴朗。”
—What's__the__weather__like/How's__the__weather in Beijing?
—It's sunny.
2．“近来可好？”“还不错”。
—__How's__it__going__？
—Not bad.
3．你能否告诉他给我回个电话？
Could you just __tell__him__to__call__me__back__？
4．我正开心地拜访我在加拿大的姑姑。
I'm having__a__great__time__visiting my aunt in Canada.
5．你们国家现在很热，对吗？
It's hot in your country now，__isn't__it__？
6．要去那儿的话，我通常步行外出，在大桥路向右拐。
To__get__there，I usually walk out and turn__right__on Bridge Road.
7．图书馆很安静，我喜欢在那里看书。
The library is very quiet and I enjoy__reading there.
8．“她长什么样？”“她留着长直发。”
—__What__does__she__look__like__？
—She __has__long__straight__hair__.
9．“你需要什么？”“我还没想好。”
—__What__would__ you like?
—__I'm__not__sure__ yet.
10.你想吃哪种面条？
__What__kind__of__noodles__ would you like?
11．蜡烛的数量就是这个人的年龄。
__The__number__of__candles__is__ the person's age.
12．卡罗尔拍了些照片吗？
__Did__Carol __take__any__photos__？
13．“上周的旅行怎么样？”“棒极了。”
—__How__was__ your trip last week?
—It was __excellent__.
14．然后导游教我们如何制作机器人模型。
Then the guide taught us__how__to__make__a__model__robot.
15．礼品店里的东西这么贵。我一点都不喜欢这次行程。
The things in the gift shop were so expensive.I __didn't__ like the trip__at__all__.
16．这就是为什么学习第二语言很重要的原因。
That's why __it's__important__to__learn__ a second language.
17．在那里我们架起帐篷，生火取暖并做饭。
There we put up our tents and made a fire __to__keep__us__warm__ and cook food on.
18．但是我太累了，所以早早就睡觉了。
But I was __so__tired__that__ I went to sleep early.
19．我们看见一条大蛇正在篝火附近睡觉。
We saw a big snake was__sleeping__near__the__fire.
语法
结构
1.there be句型。
2．一般过去时。
话
题
1.The weather(天气)
2．The neighborhood(邻里)
3．Physical appearance(外貌特征)
4.Food(食物)
5．School trips(校园旅行)
6．Weekend activities(周末活动)
,怀化五年中考真题演练
◆重点句子
1．(2015怀化中考)他们能踢足球。(英汉互译)
__They__can__play__soccer.__
2．(2015怀化中考)Elephant can walk for a long time and never get lost.(英汉互译)
__大象能长时间步行，从不走失。__
3．(2015怀化中考)But elephants are in great danger.(英汉互译)
__但大象处在极大的危险之中。__
4．(2014怀化中考)我不快乐。(英汉互译)
__I'm__not__happy.__
5．(2014怀化中考)我不能玩电脑游戏。(英汉互译)
__I__can't__play__computer__games.__
6．(2014怀化中考)What can I do？(英汉互译)
__我能做什么呢？__
7．(2012怀化中考)我从不喝咖啡。(英汉互译)
__I__never__drink__coffee.__
8．(2014怀化中考)我会说英语。(英汉互译)
__I__can__speak__English.__
9．(2016怀化中考)It doesn't look so good.(英汉互译)
__它看上去不是那么好。__
◆一般过去时
10．(2016怀化中考)Then the rich man took the horse home.(英汉互译)
__然后那个富人把马牵回家了。__
,怀化中考重难点突破
How's the weather?
【满分点拨】
How's the weather？意为“天气怎么样？”how为疑问副词，weather为不可数名词。它的回答应为It's＋表示天气的形容词。如：
It's sunny(阳光明媚的)/cloudy(有云的)/snowy(下雪的)/rainy(多雨的)/windy(有风的)/foggy(有雾的)。
How's the weather？＝What's the weather like？What为疑问代词，后加介词like。be like意为(像……样子)。如：
How was the weather yesterday？＝What was the weather like yesterday？昨天天气怎么样？How will the weather be tomorrow？＝What will the weather be like tomorrow？明天天气怎么样？注意系动词be在各种时态中的变化。
在句末可以加上“介词＋地点/时间”等短语。如：
How is the weather in Beijing？(＝What is the weather like in Beijing？)北京天气怎么样？
【考点抢测】
1．How was the weather last Sunday？(改为同义句)
__What__was__the__weather__like__ last Sunday?
2．It's cloudy today.(对画线部分提问)
How's__the__weather__today/What's__the__weather__like__today?
3．will，be，the，day，tomorrow，how，after，weather，the(连词成句)
__How__will__the__weather__be__the__day__after__tomorrow__？
辨析message，news与information
【满分点拨】
news
新闻
不可数名词
指广播、电视、报纸等新闻媒体发布的社会各方面的最新消息。
a piece
of news
一条消息
infor
mation
信息；消息
不可数名词
阅读、观察、谈话或者书信中特别关注的消息、资料等，这里侧重内容。
get some
information获取信息
message
信息；消息
可数名词
意指音讯，一般指口头传递的或者书写的“消息”。
take a
message捎个口信
【考点抢测】
message news information
4．I have a piece of good __news__ to tell you.I passed the exam.
5．She knew about much __information__ about vacation last month.
6．Could you take some __messages__ to him?
( C )7.(2016天水中考)There are many websites on the Internet and there________a lot of useful________on the websites.
A．are；informations B．are；information
C．is；information
辨析pay，spend，cost与take
【满分点拨】
词语
辨析
例句
Cost
“花费”，主语必须是物或某种活动。常见句型sth.cost…“某物花费……”。
The dictionary cost me 20 dollars.这本字典花费我20美元。
Spend
“花费”，主语是人。常用于sb.spend(s)some time/some money on sth./(in)doing sth.“某人花费时间/金钱/做某事”。
He spent three days on the work.＝He spent three days doing the work.他做这项工作用了三天的时间。
Pay
“付款；支付”，主语是人，常见搭配pay for“付费”。
He has paid 50 dollars for the medicine.他已付了50美元买药。
Take
“花费”，常用句型It takes sb.some time to do sth.“花费某人多久去做某事”。
It took me three months to draw the beautiful flowers.画这些漂亮的花用了我三个月的时间。
【归纳拓展】 pay的相关词组
pay for偿付 pay off还清
pay on a visit探访 pay up全部付清
pay attention to注意；关心
pay back偿还(借款)报答；报复
【考点抢测】
pay spend cost take
8．My sister __paid__ 30 dollars for a pair of jeans.
9．It __took__ us more than two hours to plant the trees yesterday.
10．The dictionary __cost__ her five dollars.
11．Tom used to __spend__ much time playing the computer games.
( A )12.(2016兰州中考)—How much does the TV________？
—Not too much.It's just a secondhanded one.
A．cost B．spend C．take
( A )13.(2016临沂中考)Before stamps，people didn't________for the letters they sent，but for the letters they received.
A．pay B．cost C．spend
( C )14.(2016恩施中考)I________the whole afternoon in shopping________a birthday present.
A．spent；in B．paid；for C．spent；for
( A )15.(2016绥化中考)It will________the workers ten days to finish all the work.
A．take B．spend C．pay
辨析across，cross，through，over，past
【满分点拨】
go across the street
(＝cross the street)
“横越，穿过”，指从表面走，从一边到另一边。
go through the tunnel
“穿越”，指从空间内穿过。
jump over the hurdle
“越过”，指超过一段距离或一段时间。
【考点抢测】
across cross through past over
16．He swam __across__ the river last year.
17．If we can't go __over__ the mountain，we must go around it.
18．We looked __through__ the window and saw some children playing on the playground.
19．She went __past__ the classroom of Class 4.
20．His father __crossed__ the street from the post office.
( C )21.(2016鄂州中考)—Oh，my god！I've left my keys in the room，I'll have to get in________the window.
—It's dangerous.You'd better wait for your mom to come back.
A．over B．across C．through
辨析in front of与in the front of
【满分点拨】
in front of与at/in the front of的区别
in front of表示位置，“在……(外部)的前面”。
at/in the front of表示位置，“在……(内部)的前面”。
in front“在(最)前面”，后无宾语。
【考点抢测】
in front of in the front of
22．There is a blackboard __in__the__front__of__ the classroom.
23．The teacher is standing __in__front__of__ the class.
( B )24.(2016绥化中考)Jim sits behind me，so I sit________him.
A．at the end of
B．in front of
C．in the middle of
How's it going？近来可好？
【满分点拨】
本句是询问对方处境或事情进展如何的习惯用语，相当于汉语中的“近况如何？”“一切还好吗？”，后面可跟介词短语with sb./sth.可与How is everything？互换。
How's it going with Mary's study?
玛丽的学习情况最近怎么样？
【归纳拓展】
回答该句型时可根据不同情况来回答：
Pretty good！相当不错/非常好！
Great！很好！
Not bad！还不错！
Just so so.一般般。
Terrible！太糟糕了！
Everything is going well.一切进展顺利。
【考点抢测】
( C )25.(2016长沙中考模拟)—How's it going，Alan?
—________．
A．Long time no see
B．I'm drawing a picture
C．Pretty good
Excuse me.Is there a bank near here? 打扰一下，请问这附近有银行吗？(问路)
【满分点拨】
问路与指路是中考常考的情景交际题目，问路前一般会用Excuse me引起对方注意并表示礼貌；问路后一般会以Thank you表示感谢。
【归纳拓展】
(1)常用的问路句型
Excuse me.
Is there a/an…(near here/in the neighborhood)?
Where's the nearest…？
How can I get to…？
Could you tell me the way to…？
Can you tell me how to get to…？
(2)常用的指路句型
①It's＋介词短语(地点)．它在……
②It's about…meters from here.它离这儿大约有……米。
③It's about…meters along on the left/right.向前走，在左/右侧大约……米。
④Walk on and turn left/right.向前走，然后向左/右拐。
【考点抢测】
( C )26.(2016南宁中考)—Excuse me，________？
—It's next to Wanda Cinema.
A．What is your mother
B．Who is the girl under the tree
C．Where is the nearest bookshop
if conj.如果
【满分点拨】
if的常见用法辨析
if
如果
引导条件状语从句
主句使用一般将来时，从句常用一般现在时。
是否
引导宾语从句(＝whether)
①主句是一般现在时，从句根据具体情况使用相应时态。
②主句是一般过去时，从句使用相对应的过去时态。
【误区警示】
if引导表示与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句时，从句中使用一般过去时(be动词通常用were)，主句用would/should/could＋动词原形。
If I were you，I would accept his offer.
如果我是你，我就会接受他的建议。
【巧学妙记】
if条件句不一般，几个要点记心间：
条件句，放在前，逗号要放句中间。
条件句，表可能，主句多用将来时。
【考点抢测】
27．I don't know if it__will__rain__(rain) tomorrow.If it __rains__(rain) tomorrow，the sports meeting will be put off till next week.
28．If I __were__(be) you，I'd take a gift to Peter's party.
( B )29.(2016常德中考)You'll have a great time________you go to the party.
A．so B．if C．although
辨析a little，little，a few与few
【满分点拨】
few
表“否定”“几乎没有”的意思，修饰可数名词。
He has few friends here.这儿他几乎没朋友。
a few
表“肯定”“有一点”之意，修饰可数名词。
There are a few apples in the basket.篮子里有几个苹果。
little
表“否定”“几乎没有”的意思，修饰不可数名词。
There is little water in the bottle.瓶子里几乎没水了。
a little
表“肯定”“有一点”之意，修饰不可数名词。
Don't worry.There is a little time left.别担心，还有一点时间。
图解助记：
【考点抢测】
few a few little a little
30．There are __few__books left.We can't lend you anyone.
31．Li Ping has learned Russian for four years，and he can speak __a__little__ Russian now.
32．There is __little__ink in my pen.Please give me __a__little__.
33．The question is so difficult that __few__students can answer it.
34．Can't you walk __a__little__faster?
35．I have quite __a__few__books on art.
( A )36.(2016湘西中考)—There is________mutton in the fridge.Let's go and buy some.
—OK！Let's go.
A．little B．a little C．few
would like…句型
【满分点拨】
would like的用法
(1)'d like是would like的缩写形式，would like相当于want。其常见用法：
①would like to do sth.＝want to do sth.想要做某事
②would like sb.to do sth.＝want sb.to do sth.想要某人做某事
③Would you like sth.？你想要某物吗？(客气请求)
肯定答语：Yes，please.
否定答语：No，thanks.
④Would you like to do sth.？你愿意做某事吗？(表示：请、建议)
肯定答语：Yes，I'd like/love to./My pleasure.
否定答语：I'd love to，but…
(2)would like/want/feel like的用法辨析
①would like和want后接名词、不定式或复合宾语，feel like后接名词或动词ing形式。
②would like比want语气委婉。
【考点抢测】
37．—__Would__you__like__(你想要) some coffee?
—No，thanks.
38．I __would__like__(想) you to have supper with my family.
39．Do you like __climbing__the mountain in spring？你喜欢春天爬山吗？
( A )40.(2016绵阳中考)—Would you like some tea?
—________．
A．Yes，please B．The same to you
C．Me，too
interested adj.感兴趣的
【满分点拨】
辨析interested，interesting与interest
interested
形容词
“感到有趣的”，只作表语，主语通常是人。be interested in sth.对某事(物)感兴趣；be interested in doing sth.对做某事感兴趣。
interesting
形容词
“有趣的”，作表语或定语，主语通常是物。
interest
名词
“兴趣”，places of interest名胜。
【考点抢测】
interest interesting interested
41．Tom is __interested__ in the film.
42．This is an __interesting__ book.
43．I visited many places of __interest__．
( B )44.(2016恩施中考)The________show on Zhejiang TV，Running Man，makes a lot of people________.
A．interesting；relaxing
B．interesting；relaxed
C．interested；relaxed
辨析surprise，surprised与surprising
【满分点拨】
surprise
v.使惊讶
n.惊讶
in surprise惊讶地
to one's surprise出乎意料
surprised
adj.感到惊讶的，主语是人
be surprised at对……感到惊讶
surprising
adj.令人惊讶的
用来修饰物
【考点抢测】
45．We were surprised__at(对……吃惊) the good result.
46．She looked at me in__surprise(吃惊地) just now.
47．We __are__surprised__to__(对……惊讶) hear he had left for London.
48．__To__my__surprise__(令我感到吃惊的是)，Mary hasn't returned my book so far.
( B )49.(2016山西中考)—How was your life in England?
—Quite different from here.________，people there drink tea with milk.
A．In my opinion
B．To my surprise
C．At the beginning
What an interesting job they have！他们有一份多么有趣的工作啊！
【满分点拨】
此句是一个由what引导的感叹句。感叹部分为What an interesting job，they为主语，have为谓语。what的意思是“多么”，用作定语，修饰名词，其句式结构为：What＋(a/an)＋形容词＋可数名词单(复)数/不可数名词＋其他！感叹句中谓语有时可省略，有时主语和谓语一起省略。
【归纳拓展】
what引导
的感叹句
What＋a/an＋adj.＋可数名词单数(＋主语＋谓语)！
What＋adj.＋可数名词复数(＋主语＋谓语)！
What＋adj.＋不可数名词(＋主语＋谓语)
how引导
的感叹句
How＋adj.＋a/an＋可数名词单数(＋主语＋谓语)！
How＋adj./adv.(＋主语＋谓语)！
【巧学妙记】
巧记感叹句
感叹句，表情感，how，what放句前。
名词词组用what，how后形副紧相连。
【考点抢测】
( C )50.(2016怀化中考)________nice weather today！Let's go hiking.
A．How B．What a
C．What
( B )51.(2016常德中考)We have to say goodbye，________time flies!
A．what B．how
C．what a
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