专题02-阅读理解(说明文)2023年高考英语三模试题分项汇编(新高考八省专用)-(解析版).docx

专题02 阅读理解（说明文）
(解析版)

目录
1. 2023届辽宁省沈阳市等3地高三三模试题
2. 2023届湖北省高中名校联盟高三第三次测试试题
3. 2023届重庆市高考模拟调研卷英语试题（三）
4. 2023届湖南省郴州市高三适应性考试（三模）试题
5. 2023届福建省漳州市高三第三次质量检测试题
6. 2023届福建省高三下学期联合测评英语试题
7. 2023届广东省惠州市高三调试题试题
8. 2023年辽宁省部分重点高中协作体高三模拟试题
9. 2023届重庆市高三下学期5月三诊英语试题
10.河北省石家庄市2023年高三第二学期全过程纵向评价试题

1.【2023届辽宁省沈阳市等3地高三三模试题】
With an abundance of sun and wind, Spain is positioning itself as Europe’s future leader in green hydrogen (氢气) production to clean up heavy industries. But some energy experts express caution because this process relies on massive availability of zero-carbon electricity.
Green hydrogen is created when renewable energy sources power an electrical current that runs through water, separating its hydrogen and oxygen molecules (分子). The process doesn’t produce planet-warming carbon dioxide, but less than 0.1% of global hydrogen production is currently created in this way.
The separated hydrogen can be used in the production of steel, ammonia (氨) and chemical products, all of which require industrial processes that are harder to stop fossil fuels. Hydrogen also can be used as a transportation fuel, which could one day transform the highly polluting shipping and aviation sectors.
Spain’s large, windswept and thinly populated territory receives more than 2,500 hours of sunshine on average per year, providing ideal conditions for wind and solar energy, and therefore green hydrogen production.
“If you look at where hydrogen is going to be produced in Europe in the next million years, it’s in two countries, Spain and Portugal,” said Thierry Lepercq, the founder and president of HyDeal Ambition, an industry platform bringing together 30 companies. “Hydrogen is the new oil.”
Lepercq is working with companies like Spanish gas pipeline corporation Enagas and global steel giant ArcelorMittal to design an end-to-end model for hydrogen production, distribution and supply at a competitive price. Criticism has centered on green hydrogen’s higher cost compared with highly-polluting “gray hydrogen” drawn from natural gas. Lepercq argues that solar energy produced in Spain is priced low enough to compete.
Globally, Lepercq said, “Electricity, power, is 20% of energy consumption. What about the 80% that is not electrified? ... You need to replace those fossil fuels. Not in 50 years’ time. You need to replace them now.”
12．Why are some experts cautious about green hydrogen production in Spain?
A．It needs large amounts of sun and wind. B．It has an effect on heavy industries.
C．It causes conflicts among countries. D．It uses lots of zero-carbon electricity.
13．What is the advantage of green hydrogen production in Spain?
A．Ideal geographical conditions. B．The support from government.
C．Hydrogen production technology. D．Well-developed public transports.
14．What can be inferred about green hydrogen in Spain according to Lepercq?
A．It is highly priced. B．It is easy to store.
C．It is competitive. D．It is highly-polluting.
15．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A．Spain Manages to Use Zero-carbon Electricity
B．Spain Struggles to Lead EU in Green Hydrogen
C．Spain Takes the Lead in Preventing Air Pollution
D．Spain Replaces Fossil Fuel with Green Hydrogen
【答案】12．D 13．A 14．C 15．D
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了凭借充足的阳光和风，西班牙将成为欧洲绿色氢生产的未来领导者。
12．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“But some energy experts express caution because this process relies on massive availability of zero-carbon electricity.(但一些能源专家表示谨慎，因为这一过程依赖于零碳电力的大量可用性)”可知，一些能源专家表示谨慎是因为这一过程依赖于零碳电力的大量可用性。故选D。
13．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Spain’s large, windswept and thinly populated territory receives more than 2,500 hours of sunshine on average per year, providing ideal conditions for wind and solar energy, and therefore green hydrogen production.(西班牙面积大，多风，人口稀少，每年平均日照超过2500小时，为风能和太阳能提供了理想的条件，因此也为绿色氢生产提供了理想的条件)”可知，西班牙绿色氢生产的一大优势就是其优越的地理条件。故选A。
14．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Lepercq is working with companies like Spanish gas pipeline corporation Enagas and global steel giant ArcelorMittal to design an end-to-end model for hydrogen production, distribution and supply at a competitive price. Criticism has centered on green hydrogen’s higher cost compared with highly-polluting “gray hydrogen” drawn from natural gas. Lepercq argues that solar energy produced in Spain is priced low enough to compete.(Lepercq正在与西班牙天然气管道公司Enagas和全球钢铁巨头ArcelorMittal公司合作，设计一种端到端的氢气生产、分销和供应模式，价格具有竞争力。批评的焦点是，与从天然气中提取的高污染“灰氢”相比，绿色氢的成本更高。Lepercq认为，西班牙生产的太阳能价格足够低，具有竞争力)”可推知，Lepercq认为西班牙的绿氢生产极具竞争性。故选C。
15．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“With an abundance of sun and wind, Spain is positioning itself as Europe’s future leader in green hydrogen (氢气) production to clean up heavy industries.(凭借充足的阳光和风，西班牙将自己定位为清洁重工业的绿色氢生产的欧洲的未来领导者)”以及第四段“Spain’s large, windswept and thinly populated territory receives more than 2,500 hours of sunshine on average per year, providing ideal conditions for wind and solar energy, and therefore green hydrogen production.(西班牙面积大，多风，人口稀少，每年平均日照超过2500小时，为风能和太阳能提供了理想的条件，因此也为绿色氢生产提供了理想的条件)”可知，本文主要介绍的是西班牙凭借充足的阳光和风打算用绿色氢来取代化石燃料。由此可知，“Spain Replaces Fossil Fuel with Green Hydrogen(西班牙用绿色氢取代化石燃料)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选D。

2.【2023届湖北省高中名校联盟高三第三次测试试题】
In the 1990s and 2000s, Costa Rica and Panama experienced a rise in malaria(疟疾) cases. The massive loss of amphibians (两栖动物) in the region from a fungal (真菌的) disease may have contributed to the malaria increase.
The spread of the fungal disease was a slow-motion disaster, leading to a decades-long wave of amphibian declines globally. From the 1980s to the 2000s, the wave moved from northwest to southeast across Costa Rica and Panama. An analysis of ecological surveys, public health records and satellite data suggests a link between the amphibian die-offs and an increase in human malaria cases.
On average, each county had 0.8 to 1.1 additional cases of malaria per 1,000 people per year for about six years, beginning several years after the amphibian losses, Michael Springborn, an environmental economist of the University of California, Davis, and colleagues found.
Springborn and colleagues wondered if the impacts that the fungal disease has on the decline of at least 500 species globally stretched to humans. The team turned to Costa Rica and Panama, where the fungus moved through ecosystems in a somewhat uniform way along the narrow area of land on which the two countries sit, Springborn says. The researchers worked out when the fungus arrived at a given place and then looked at the number of malaria cases in those places before and after the die-offs. Malaria cases rose in the first couple of years after the decline and remained high for six years or so before going down again for unknown reasons.
Studies on the connections between biodiversity loss and health might “help motivate conservation by highlighting the direct benefits of conservation to human well-being,” says Hillary Young, a community ecologist at the University of California, Santa Barbara. “Humans are causing wildlife to be lost at a rate similar to that of other major mass extinction events,” she says. “We are increasingly aware that these losses can have major impacts on human health and well-being- and, in particular, on risk of infectious disease.”
28．What directly brought about the rise in malaria cases?
A．The extinction of fungus. B．The death of amphibians.
C．The spread of a fungal disease. D．The lack of wildlife conservation.
29．What can we infer from Springborn and colleagues, findings?
A．The number of amphibians dropped dramatically.
B．The fungus has little impact on human well-being.
C．The county’s population multiplied after the amphibian decline.
D．Malaria cases show relevant changes when amphibians became fewer.
30．How did the scientists carry out the research?
A．By studying the features of the fungus.
B．By comparing the number of malaria cases.
C．By finding out the track of fungus’ movement.
D．By working out the reason for the amphibian die-offs.
31．Which statement is Hillary Young most likely to approve of?
A．Humans should keep wildlife at a distance.
B．Humans cause the major mass extinction events.
C．Human well-being is closely connected with wildlife.
D．Human health has no relationship with conservation.
【答案】28．B 29．D 30．B 31．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是两栖动物的死亡是导致疟疾增长的重要原因。
28．细节理解题。由第一段中的“The massive loss of amphibians (两栖动物) in the region from a fungal (真菌的) disease may have contributed to the malaria increase.( 该地区两栖动物因真菌疾病而大量死亡，可能是导致疟疾病例增加的原因之一。)”可以看出是由于两栖动物的大量死亡导致疟疾的增长。故选B项。
29．推理判断题。通过第三段 “On average, each county had 0.8 to 1.1 additional cases of malaria per 1,000 people per year for about six years, beginning several years after the amphibian losses, Michael Springborn, an environmental economist of the University of California, Davis, and colleagues found.( 加州大学戴维斯分校(University of California, Davis)的环境经济学家迈克尔·斯普林伯恩(Michael Springborn)及其同事发现，在两栖动物消失几年后，平均而言，每个县每1000人每年增加0.8到1.1例疟疾病例，持续了大约6年。)”可推测出当两栖动物变少时，疟疾病例显示出相关的变化。故选D项。
30．推理判断题。由第四段中的“The researchers worked out when the fungus arrived at a given place and then looked at the number of malaria cases in those places before and after the die-offs.( 研究人员计算出了这种真菌何时到达一个特定的地方，然后观察了这些地方在真菌死亡前后的疟疾病例数量。)”可以推断出，科学家是通过对比前后疟疾病例的数量来判断的。故选B项。
31．推理判断题。由最后一段“Studies on the connections between biodiversity loss and health might “help motivate conservation by highlighting the direct benefits of conservation to human well-being,” says Hillary Young, a community ecologist at the University of California, Santa Barbara. “Humans are causing wildlife to be lost at a rate similar to that of other major mass extinction events,” she says. “We are increasingly aware that these losses can have major impacts on human health and well-being- and, in particular, on risk of infectious disease.”(加州大学圣巴巴拉分校的社区生态学家希拉里·杨(Hillary Young)说，对生物多样性丧失与健康之间联系的研究可能“通过强调保护对人类福祉的直接好处，有助于促进保护”。她说:“人类造成野生动物灭绝的速度与其他重大物种灭绝事件相似。”“我们越来越意识到，这些损失可能对人类健康和福祉产生重大影响，特别是对传染病的风险。”)”可以得出人的生命健康与野生生物是息息相关的。故选C项。

3. 【2023届重庆市高考模拟调研卷英语试题（三）】
Dhruv Jain, who presented this new system, shares that the main motivation for the creation of this app came from his own experience and conversations that his colleagues and he had had with deaf and hard-of hearing people over several years. He presented the phone and smartwatch application called SoundWatch.
Jain, who has trouble hearing, uses SoundWatch at home to avoid seeping through a smoke alarm. He also says that on a nature walk, it will tell him that birds are singing and that there is a waterfall nearby. The sounds make him feel more present and connected to the world.
Such sound awareness applications for smartphones already exist. However, Jain prefers the immediacy of sound notifications (告知) on his wrist, rather than in his pocket. Surveys of deaf people or those who are hard of hearing show that he is not alone.
The SoundWatch application pairs an Android phone or smartwatch. The watch records ambient (环境的) noises. It then sends the data to the smartphone for processing. When the phone detects a sound of interest, the smartwatch vibrates and a notification is displayed on its face.
Jain, who is a computer scientist at the Washington University in Seattle, and colleagues designed the application to identify up to twenty noises. During the experiments, the SoundWatch application correctly identified those twenty sounds 81.2% of the time.
When it’s set to listen only for door knocks, fire alarms, alarm clocks, or other urgent noises, the app shows 97. 6% accuracy. Eight hard-of hearing and deaf people who used the application around a university campus gave the app broadly favorable reviews. However, it should be noted that the app misclassified some of the noisy outdoor settings and sounds.
Jain and his colleagues are now working on a newer version of SoundWatch that users can train to recognize new sounds, such as their house alarm, using just a few recordings.
12．Compared with the already-existing sound awareness app for smartphones, what is the advantage?
A．Quick to recognize. B．Convenient to carry.
C．Easy to apply. D．Cheap to make.
13．What does the underlined word “vibrate” most probably mean in Para. 4?
A．Make a sound. B．Shake quickly.
C．Give a verbal warning. D．Move forward.
14．What is the SoundWatch like right now?
A．It is quite perfect. B．It can identify any noise.
C．It is widely used. D．It needs improvement.
15．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．SoundWatch Application: The Fist App or People with Hearing Loss
B．Sound Awareness Application: The Best App for People Who Cannot Hear
C．A Sound Awareness App Identifies Different Kinds of Noises for the Old
D．A SmartWatch APP Can Warn People with Hearing Loss of Nearby Sounds
【答案】12．B 13．B 14．D 15．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了SoundWatch程序，可以提醒有听力障碍的人周围的声音。介绍了其工作方式以及应用情况。
12．细节理解题。根据第三段“Such sound awareness applications for smartphones already exist. However, Jain prefers the immediacy of sound notifications (告知) on his wrist, rather than in his pocket. Surveys of deaf people or those who are hard of hearing show that he is not alone.(这种用于智能手机的声音感知应用程序已经存在。然而，Jain更喜欢在手腕上的即时声音通知，而不是在口袋里。对聋哑人或重听者的调查表明，不是只有他一个人这样)”可知，与已经存在的智能手机声音感知应用程序相比，它的优势是携带方便。故选B。
13．词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“When the phone detects a sound of interest, the smartwatch”以及后文“and a notification is displayed on its face”可知，当手机检测到有趣的声音时，智能手表就会震动，并在它的表盘上显示一条通知。故画线词意思是“震动”。故选B。
14．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“However, it should be noted that the app misclassified some of the noisy outdoor settings and sounds.(然而，应该注意的是，该应用程序错误地分类了一些嘈杂的室外环境和声音)”可知，SoundWatch仍需要改进。故选D。
15．主旨大意题。根据第四段“The SoundWatch application pairs an Android phone or smartwatch. The watch records ambient (环境的) noises. It then sends the data to the smartphone for processing. When the phone detects a sound of interest, the smartwatch vibrates and a notification is displayed on its face.(SoundWatch应用程序可以与安卓手机或智能手表配对。手表会记录周围的噪音。然后将数据发送到智能手机进行处理。当手机检测到有趣的声音时，智能手表就会震动，并在它的表盘上显示一条通知)”结合文章主要介绍了SoundWatch程序，可以提醒有听力障碍的人周围的声音。介绍了其工作方式以及应用情况。可知，D选项“一款智能手表应用程序可以提醒听力受损的人听到附近的声音”最符合文章标题。故选D。

4.【2023届湖南省郴州市高三适应性考试（三模）试题】
During the last few years we have lived through a series of worrying global events, from the COVID pandemic to devastating wildfires.Instead of feeling informed after watching the news, many people feel anxious, upset and sick. A new study published in Journal of Health Communication investigated into this problem.
According to the study, stress, anxiety, and poor health follow people who have a constant urge to check the news. For these individuals, a vicious (恶性的) cycle can develop in which, rather than tuning out, they become drawn further in, checking for updates around the clock to relieve their emotional stress. But it doesn’t help, and the more they check the news, the more it begins to interfere (干扰) with other aspects of their lives.
Of the 1,100 people surveyed for the study, 16.5 percent became so absorbed in the news that it dominated their thoughts, limited the time they