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(教师版)专题07-名词性从句-备战2023年高考英语考试易错题.docx

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专题07 名词性从句——备战2023年高考英语考试易错题 【导入】 “两步法”突破名词性从句 第一步 识别名词性从句的种类 1.首先确定主句的谓语动词,确定主句的主谓结构; 2.分析从句在主句中所充当的成分,确定从句所属类型:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。 第二步 分析从句结构,确定从句引导词 确定从句的结构和意义是否完整,结合句意填写适当的连接词。 1.若从句结构完整,用从属连词:陈述事实用that;表示疑问“是否”用if或whether; 2.若从句缺少主语、宾语、表语或定语,则考虑用连接代词; 3.若从句缺少状语,则用连接副词。 另外,还需注意一些特殊的引导词(if、whether、because、as if等)的用法及that引导同位语从句与定语从句的区别。 技巧1 关注连接代词what的用法 1. (2021全国新高考Ⅰ卷) _______ is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. 【解析】引导主语从句并在从句中作主语,应填what,位于句首,首字母要大写。考查名词性从句。 【答案】What what可引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句,在从句中作主语、表语、宾语或宾语补足语等。它引导名词性从句时有两个意思:一是表示“什么”,带有疑问意味;二是表示“……所……的”,相当于一个先行词后接一个关系代词。 Our teachers always tell us to believe in what we do and who we are if we want to succeed. 我们的老师总是告诉我们,如果我们想要成功,要相信我们所做的事情和我们是谁。 1. (2020·浙江卷)Over thousands of years,they began to depend less on 57 could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown. 【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:在几千年的时间里,他们开始减少对我们从野外采集的猎物的依赖,而更多地依赖他们饲养的动物和播种的庄稼。分析句子,宾语从句部分缺主语,所以引导词应为“连接代词”。根据句意,此处缺“什么”之意。故填what。 【答案】what 2. 【2018·北京】This is _________ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best. A. how B. which C. that D. what 【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:没有他的支持,我们是不会在现在这个位置的。how表方式,when表时间,where表地点,why表原因。“_________ we are now”是表语从句,结合句子的意思可知,该处指我们所处的位置,故该从句应用where引导。C选项正确。 【答案】D 技巧2 关注连接副词的用法 1.(2015全国Ⅱ卷)…the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly _____ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days. 【解析】因figure out(弄明白;计算出)后是一个句子,应为宾语从句;引导宾语从句,并能修饰形容词(thick)的,只能是连接副词how,how thick意为“多厚”。 【答案】how 引导名词性从句的连接副词有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever 等,它们均在从句中作状语。 I have no idea when she will be back. 我不知道她何时回来。 I've been thinking about how we can make the newspaper more interesting. 我一直考虑我们如何能使报纸更有趣。 That's why I want you to work there. 那就是我要你在那儿工作的原因。 Wherever he goes makes his parents worry. 他无论去哪儿父母都担心。 1. 【2019·北京卷】What students do at college seems to matter much more than ___8___ they go. 【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里(哪所大学)更重要。这里表达去哪所大学,表示地点,作状语。故用where。 【答案】where 2. 【2018·江苏】By boat is the only way to get here, which is _______ we arrived. A. where B. when C. why D. how 【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:乘船是到达这里唯一的途径,这就是我们如何到达的。分析which引导的非限定性定语从句可知,后面为表语从句。分析句意可知,这里用连接副词how引导表语从句,充当方式状语,表示“如何”。故选D。 【答案】D 技巧3关注同位语从句 1 . Others praise the fact ______ campus canteens launching delivery services can save students’ time.. 【解析】空后是一个结构和意义完整的句子,故填连词that,引导同位语从句,解释说明fact的内容。 【答案】that 同位语从句是用以解释说明某一名词内容的从句。所以它总是跟在某一个名词的后面。该名词被称作先行词。 1. 同位语从句的连接词 同位语从句的连接词主要有that, whether, why, who, where, how, when等。在同位语从句中that, whether不作成分,that无实际意义,whether表示“是否”;其他连接词具有实义,同时在同位语从句中作一定成分。引导同位语从句的连接词一般都不省略。 The report that he was going to resign was false. 他将辞职的报道是假的。 There’s some doubt whether John will come on time. 对约翰是否会准时到还有一些怀疑。 2. 可跟同位语从句的名词 不是所有的名词都可以跟同位语从句,常可以被同位语从句修饰的名词有: advice 建议 belief 信念 fact 事实 hope 希望 idea 主意 news 消息 opinion 观点 order 命令 promise 诺言 question 问题 reply 答复 report 报道 thought 想法 truth 事实 warning 警告 The problem why the earth is becoming warmer and warmer is still under discussion. 地球为什么变得越来越暧这一问题仍在讨论之中。 3. 同位语在句子中的位置 同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面,而是被别的词隔开。 He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off. 他从玛丽那里获知了运动会被推迟的消息。 4. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别 (1) 从词类上区别 同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea, fact, news, hope, belief, suggestion, proposal, word, thought, doubt, truth, possibility, promise, order 等抽象意义的名词, 而定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词、主句的一部分或是整个主句。 (2)从性质上区别 定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制, 相当于一个形容词。 而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释, 相当于一个名词。 1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.(他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。) (第一个that引导的从句是定语从句,that在从句中作宾语) 2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.(汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。) (同位语从句,that在句中不作任何成分) (3)从连接词和所作成分上区别 同位语从句中that 只起连接作用, 不作任何成分,不能省略。 定语从句 中that 起连接作用,充当宾语、主语或表语。作宾语时可以省略。 how, whether, what 可以引导同位语从句, 但不能引导定语从句。 1.【2019·新课标I卷】While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence ___61___ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. 【解析】考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知,主句为there be句型,且结构完整,空格后为同位语从句,解释说明中心词evidence的内容,故填that。 【答案】that 2.【2016·天津】The manager put forward a suggestion ____ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do. A. whether B. that C. which D. what 【解析】句意:经理提出一个建议,我们应该有个助手。有太多的工作要做。此处使用同位语从句说明suggestion的内容,而且同位语从句的成分和意思都是完整的,故用that引导,that不作成分,只起连接作用。故选B。 【答案】B 技巧4 区别whoever,whatever, whomever, whichever与 who,what,whom,which 1.. 【2018·天津】The gold medal will be awarded _______to wins the first place in the bicycle race. A. whomever B. wherever C. whoever D. whatever 【解析】考查名词性从句连接词。句意:无论谁获得自行车比赛第一名,金牌将授予他。分析句子可知,宾语从句中缺少主语,故用whoever,表示“任何人,无论谁”。故选C。 【答案】C 1.【2018·天津】The gold medal will be awarded ___________to wins the first place in the bicycle race. A. whomever B. wherever C. whoever D. whatever 【解析】考查名词性从句连接词。句意:无论谁获得自行车比赛第一名,金牌将授予他。分析句子可知,宾语从句中缺少主语,故用whoever,表示“任何人,无论谁”。故选C。 【答案】C 2.【2017·北京】 Every year, ______ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival. A. whatever B. whoever C. whomever D. whichever 【解析】A. whatever 任何事 B. whoever 任何人 C. whomever 任何人 D. whichever无论哪个。句意:每年,任何一个做出最漂亮的风筝的人将会在风筝节获奖。空格所在部分是主语从句,缺少主语,用连接代词,根据意思可知是人获奖,故排除A、D,因为需要作主语,只能用主格代词who+ever,故选B。 【答案】B 基础夯实 考点一 主语从句 连接词 从属连词 that, whether, if 只起连接作用,不在从句中作成分。但一般不可省略。if不可以引导位于句首的主语从句。 Your support is important to our work.Whateveryou can do helps.你的支持对我们的工作很重要。你能做的任何事情都会有所帮助。 连接代词 what, who, whose, which, whatever, whichever, whoever等 who(ever)和what(ever)在从句中作主语、宾语或表语;which(ever)在从句中作主语、宾语;what, which, whose在从句中作定语。 连接副词 how, when, where, why等 在从句中作状语。 it作形式主语 ①It+系动词+形容词(necessary/likely/important/certain等)+that从句 ②It+系动词+名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/no wonder等)+that从句 ③It+be+过去分词(said/told/reported等)+that从句 ④It+动词(短语)(seem/occur to/happen to sb./...)+that从句 It occurred to him thathe had an important conference to attend the next morning. 他突然想到,第二天上午他有一个重要的会议要参加。 考点二 宾语从句 连接词 从属连词 that, whether, if The gold medal will be awarded towhoeverwins the first place in the bicycle race.这块金牌将颁发给这场自行车比赛中获得第一名的人。 连接代词 what, who, whose, which, whatever, whichever, whoever等 连接副词 how, when, where, why, wherever, whenever等 it作形式宾语 ①动词(find/feel/think/consider/make等)+it+宾补(形容词或名词)+that从句 ②动词(hate/like/dislike/appreciate/enjoy等)+it+that从句 ③动词短语(see to/depend on/rely on等)+it+that从句 ④固定搭配(take it for granted/owe it to sb.等)+that从句 I havemade it a rule thatI keep diaries.写日记成了我的惯例。 考点三 表语从句 连接词 从属连词 that, whether This iswhatmy father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.这是我父亲教我的——总是要面对困难并寄予最大的希望。 连接代词 what, who, whose, which, whatever, whichever, whoever等 连接副词 how, when, where, why, wherever, whenever等 as if/as though as if/as though意为“好像,仿佛”,引导的表语从句常跟在系动词(be动词,seem, appear, look, taste, sound, feel, smell等)之后。若表语从句所述的是与客观事实相反的情况,从句常用虚拟语气;若所述的是事实或是极可能发生的情况,从句常用陈述语气。 At that time, it seemedas thoughI couldn’t think of the right word.当时,我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。 连接词 because This/That/It is+because引导的表语从句(表原因)“这/那是因为……” From space, the earth looks blue. This isbecauseabout seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.从太空中看,地球看起来是蓝色的。这是因为地球表面约百分之七十一都被水覆盖着。 考点四 同位语从句 连接词 同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语,一般位于该名词之后,说明该名词的具体内容。其连接词主要有that, whether, why, who, where, how, when等。在同位语从句中,that和whether不作句子成分,that无实际意义,whether表示“是否”;其他连接词具有实义,同时在同位语从句中作一定成分。引导同位语从句的连接词一般都不省略。 The manager put forward a suggestionthatwe should have an assistant. There is too much work to do. 常跟同位语从句的名词 advice, fact, doubt, suggestion, hope, demand, conclusion, idea, news, order, request, thought, word, wish, promise, truth, information, message, belief, report, desire, problem, possibility等。 经理提出了一个建议,我们应该有个助手。有太多的工作要做。 易错提示 1.that和what引导的名词性从句的区别 that引导名词性从句时,在从句中不充当任何成分,也没有任何含义;而what引导名词性从句时,在从句中充当一定的句子成分,有实际含义。 It’s a shame that he has made such a mistake. 真遗憾,他犯了这样一个错误。 I will do what I can (do) to help him. 我将尽我所能帮助他。 2.whether与if引导的名词性从句的区别 1)whether引导的主语从句既可放在句首也可放在句末,但if引导的主语从句只能放在句末,且前面需用it作形式主语。 Whether it is true remains a question. 这是否真实依然是个问题。 It is unknown if he will attend the meeting. 他是否会来参加会议还不清楚。 2)whether与if引导宾语从句时,大多数情况下可以互换,但是如果直接与or not连用或用于介词后时,只能用whether。 We don’t know whether or not she was ready. 我们不知道她是否准备好了。 I’m interested in whether you’ve finished the work.我对你是否完成了这项工作感兴趣。 3)whether可引导表语从句和同位语从句,而if不可以。 The question is whether it is worth doing. 问题是它是否值得去做。 He often asked me the question whether the work was worth doing. 他经常问我这项工作是否值得去做的问题。 技巧点拨 模拟演练 Ⅰ、单项选择 1.The student completed this experiment to make come true __________ Professor Joseph had said. A. that B. what C. when D. where 【答案】B 【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:为了使约瑟夫教授所说的成为现实,这个学生完成了这个实验。_________ Professor Joseph had said作make的宾语从句,该从句中,空处在从句中作said的宾语,表示”……所说的话”,因此应用what引导该从句。故选B。 2.Over thousands of years,they began to depend less on 57 could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown. 【答案】what 【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:在几千年的时间里,他们开始减少对我们从野外采集的猎物的依赖,而更多地依赖他们饲养的动物和播种的庄稼。分析句子,宾语从句部分缺主语,所以引导词应为“连接代词”。根据句意,此处缺“什么”之意。故填what。 3.It is by no means clear __________ the local government will do with the buildings of poor quality. A. what B. how C. whether D. which 【答案】A 【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:目前还不清楚当地政府将如何处理这些质量差的建筑。分析句子,在形式主语中,真正的主语部分缺“will do”的宾语。名词性从句,若从句部分缺主语。则引导词用“连接代词”。又因句意缺“什么”之意。故选A项。 4.— The designers are over the moon. What’s up? —They’ve reached an agreement on __________ the bonuses are to be divided later. A. why B. how C. where D. when 【答案】B 【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:——这些设计者们兴高采烈的。怎么了?——他们刚刚就奖金怎么分配达成了一致。分析句子可知,空白处与其后句子一起作介词on的宾语,属于宾语从句,空白处需要引导词,其中句子成分完整,结合句意考虑用连接副词how作方式状语,表示“如何”。故选B项。 【点睛】 宾语从句连接词的判断是一个重要考点,一般分为三种类型:1.由that引导,that在句中无实意,只起连接作用,其后接一般的陈述句;2.由whether,if引导,在句中表示“是否”,其后句子可以还原成一般疑问句;3.由wh-系列的连接副词和连接代词引导,这些词在句中都要担任一定的成分,连接代词担任主、宾、表等成分,连接副词则担任状语。在具体题目中进行选择时,首先判断宾语从句中是否缺少成分,该小题中就可以看到不缺主、宾、表等成分,结合选项是缺少状语,这时就可以结合句意进行排除选择,从而得出正确答案。 5.______ makes our school famous is ______ more than 90% of the students have been admitted to universities. A.What; that B.Which; because C.That; what D.What; because 【答案】A 【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:使我们学校出名的是,超过90%的学生都被大学录取了。分析可知,句子为“主系表”结构,分别用主语从句和表语从句做相应的句子成分,主语从句中缺主语且表示“什么”的含义,所以用what引导;表语从句中引导词在句中不做任何成分,没有实际意义,所以用that引导。故选A项。 6.once-great cities fell into ruins. A.What B.Why C.Whether D.That 【答案】B 【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:玛雅文明为何崩溃至今仍是个谜。曾经伟大的城市变成了废墟。分析句子结构可知,本句为主语从句,从句缺少原因状语,所以用连接词why引导。故选B。 7.People may think that dinosaurs were big, green with hard skin covering their bodies. But in fact, it seems that dinosaurs appeared very different from________ we think. A.which B.that C.who D.what 【答案】D 【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:人们可能认为恐龙体型巨大,呈绿色,身体覆盖着坚硬的皮肤。但事实上,恐龙似乎和我们想象的很不一样。在宾语从句“we think”中缺少think的宾语,且是指对恐龙的想象,所以应用what引导。故选D。 8.Air pollution is a big problem. I wonder ______ we can do about it. A.whether B.what C.how D.that 【答案】B 【解析】考查宾语从句连接词。句意:空气污染是个大问题。我想知道我们能做些什么。分析句子成分可知,“______ we can do about it”为宾语从句,该从句中缺少动词do的宾语,意为“什么”,所给选项中,“whether(是否)”、“how(如何)”和“that(无意义)”均不能充当此成分,且意思不符,所以排除A、C和D项,故选B。 9.________ is known to all is that the outstanding academic atmosphere, as well as various festivals and sports, ________ many students to our school. A.It: draw B.Which: draw C.What: draws D.As: draws 【答案】C 【解析】考查名词性从句和主谓一致。句意:众所周知,优秀的学术氛围,以及各种节日和体育活动,吸引了很多学生来我们学校。分析句子可知,第一空引导主语从句,从句缺少主语,指物,所以连接词what;as well as 连接两个主语,谓语动词的形式由前一个主语决定,因此draw 的形式是由the outstanding academic atmosphere确定的,结合语境可知,此处为一般现在时,故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故选C。 10.________ students do at the college matters much more than where they travel. A.Which B.Where C.What D.When 【答案】C 【解析】考查主语从句。句意:学生在大学里做什么比他们去哪里旅行更重要。空处引导主语从句,从句中缺少宾语,表示“什么”应用what引导。故选C。 11.Believe it or not, your parents have experienced ________you have experienced as children and teenagers. A.how B.which C.what D.that 【答案】C 【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:信不信由你,你的父母经历过你童年和青少年时期的经历。分析句子结构,谓语动词have experienced后面为宾语从句,空处引导宾语从句,从句缺少宾语,需用连接代词what引导。故选C。 12.More than 100 students have entered for the competition, and________ gains the most points will be the winner. A.anyone B.the one C.who D.whoever 【答案】D 【解析】考查主语从句。句意:有100多名学生参加了这次比赛,任何得分最多的人就是获胜者。空处引导主语从句,从句中缺少主语,表示“无论谁,任何人”应用whoever。故选D。 13.It’s unwise to leave________ can be life’s most important decision—future career—entirely to luck. A.which B.that C.what D.how 【答案】C 【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:把人生中最重要的决定——未来的职业生涯——完全留给运气是不明智的。分析句子结构,“_______ can be life’s most important decision”位于动词leave后面,为宾语从句,从句缺少主语,需用连接代词what引导。故选C。 14.Jenny has got________ it takes to be a good actress. In other words, she has the potential to become famous. A.what B.when C.that D.how 【答案】A 【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:珍妮具有一名好演员所需要的品质。换句话说,她有成名的潜力。A.what连接代词,表示“什么”; 在名词性从句中作主语、宾语和表语;B.when 连接副词,表示“什么时候”;在名词性从句中作状语;C.that从属连词,在名词性从句中不作成分; D.how连接副词,表示“如何”。在名词性从句中作状语。分析句子可知,got后面接宾语从句,设空处在从句中作宾语,结合选项,选项A符合题意,故选A。 Ⅱ、语法填空 15.Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song “The Long and Winding Road”. ______is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. 【答案】What 【解析】考查主语从句。句意:这次经历的惊人之处在于这世界之外的景色。此处是主语从句,从句缺乏主语,应用what引导,指代“经历的事情”。故填What。 16.Over thousands of years, they began to depend less on ______ could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown. 【答案】what 【解析】what,考查宾语从句。空格处是介词on后的宾语从句,从句缺少主语,因此要用what,意为“……的东西”。 17.Another benefit of exercise is ______it will improve your body's immune system, making you better prepared to fight off infection. 【答案】that 【解析】考查表语从句。句意:锻炼的另一个好处是它会提高你身体的免疫系统,让你更好地对抗感染。此处为表语从句,从句中不缺少成分,句意完整,故应用只起连接作用的that引导。故填that。 18.While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence ______ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. 【答案】that 【解析】 此处缺引导同位语从句的连接词that,说明evidence的具体内容,“证据表明……”。 19.It is possible ______caffeine may cause birth defects (缺陷) in humans, too. 【答案】that 【解析】分析句子结构可知,该句是一个主从复合句,it作形式主语,that从句为真正的主语。 20.Have you ever wondered ______ you would do to solve math problems if you didn’t have a calculator or computer or even pencil and paper? 【答案】what 【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:你有没有想过,如果你没有计算器或电脑,甚至没有铅笔和纸,你会做什么来解决数学问题?______ you would do to solve math problems 为宾语从句,从句中do后缺少宾语,表示“什么 ”,故填what。 21.Spanish sport newspaper Marca noted that Wu has answered those who doubted his move to the club and ______ “ his quick adaptation to La Liga (西甲) has surprised many people”. 【答案】that 【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:西班牙体育报纸《马卡报》指出,吴回应了那些质疑他转会的人,并称“他对西甲的快速适应让很多人感到惊讶”。此处引导宾语从句,从句句意完整、成分齐全,应用只起连接作用、无实意的that引导。故填that。 22.These 3000-year-old symbols, jiaguwen, were carved on turtle shells or bones of animals, and can give us insight into ______ancient Chinese saw the world around them and into their great creativity. 【答案】how 【解析】考查宾语从句。句
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