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►第06讲 动词和动词短语 (讲义)
【复习目标】
掌握高频动词+介词/副词结构
掌握动词+名词短语
掌握其他常考动词短语
掌握高频动词为主体构成的短语
掌握常考不及物动词和系动词
掌握延续性动词与费延续性动词的转换
【考情分析】
近年高考真题动词(短语)考点细目表
年份
卷别
完形填空
语法填空
2022
新高考I卷
42.camped露营;46.worked起作用;47.headed off启程;48. interrupted中断 50. start启动
64.serve as
2021
新高考I卷
41.made制作;45.earn挣得;46.worked运作;49.Remove移动;51.Slow down慢一点;52.expected预料;53.smiled微笑;54.. delivering送货;55.appreciate欣赏
2020
新高考I卷
26.realized意识到;30.discovered发现;31.Watering浇水;34.collect收集;35.continued继续
6
pete for
近五年动词(短语)题型命题规律
高考对动词和动词短语的考查主要集中在动词和动词短语的辨析,尤其是在特定语境中的应用,动词和动词短语的熟词生义等。动词词义辨析题主要考查结合语境区分动词词义的能力,在平时的学习中应当掌握常用动词的基本意义,注意一词多义和熟词生义;养成推敲句子的含义以及对语境理解的习惯。
对动词和动词短语的考查常出现在高考试题中的完形填空、语法填空,和书面表达中。在语篇型填空中,给出动词,要求考生在设空出填出与之搭配的介词或者副词。预计2024年的高考动词和动词短语考查语境复杂化和综合化的特点。
【网络构建】
考向一 高频动词+介词/副词
使用频率较高的动词有:break, bring, call, cut, come, go, get, have, keep, look, put, set, turn, pay, pick, make;
使用频率较高的介词或副词:away, for, in, off, out, on, over, up等。
l No. 1 动词+介词
这类动词短语相当于及物动词,其后必修有宾语,且介词与动词不能分开,宾语只能放在介词之后,如:
account for解释,说明,占比 adjust to调整,适应 all for要求
add to增加, break into破门而入 ask for索取,寻找
care about 关心,在乎 come across偶然遇到 go for努力获取
deal with处理 get over克服 hope for希望,期待
get into养成(习惯) rely on依靠,依赖 pay for偿还,赔偿
answer for负责 provide for供给 plan for打算,为……计划
send for派人去请 fall behind落在......后面 laugh at嘲笑
feel like想要 refer to提到,参考 stick to坚持
l No. 2 动词+away
throw away扔掉 put away把……收拾好 give away捐赠,分发
carry away运走 run away 潜逃,跑开 go away 走开
send for派人去请
l No. 3 动词+on
try on试穿,试验 put on穿上,上演 have on穿着,戴着
pull on穿,戴 hold on不挂断,坚持,继续 carry on继续开展,坚持
keep on继续 go on继续 get on上(车)
l No. 4 动词+over
come over过来 hand over移交 go over仔细检查,复习
get over克服,恢复 look over检查 think over仔细考虑
take over接受,接管 hand over 移交 turn over翻转
l No. 5 动词+up
bring up抚育,培养 call up召唤,打电话给 come up走上前来,长出
cut up切碎 fix up修理 give up放弃;go up 上升,增长
grow up 长大 look up尊敬,向上看,查寻 make up虚构,弥补,组成
put up举起,搭建 set up建立,创(纪录) pick up 捡起,(开车)接某人,偶然得到
send up发射 show up 揭露,露面 turn up出现,把……调高一点
l No. 6 动词+out
come out出来 go out出去,熄灭 look out留神,当心
walk out走出 set out出发,开始 put out扑灭,生产
give out发出,发表 hand out分发 pick out挑选
find out找出,发现 speak out大声地说 turn out生产,结果是
get out出去,离开 carry out实行,执行 work out计算出,解决,实行,行得通
bring out出版 start out 出发,动身。
考向二 动词+名词
l No. 1 动词+名词
lose patience失去耐心 lose heart灰心 make a bet打赌
make a face做鬼脸 take effect生效 take place发生
take action/measures/steps采取措施 give way让步
lose weight减肥 lead the way领路 make a fortune发财
take one’s time慢慢来 take exercise做锻炼 take turns轮流
take advice征求意见 make a difference有影响
l No. 2 动词+名词+介词
take care of 照顾 make fun of 取笑 take account of 考虑到
take part in参加 make friends with 与……交朋友 find fault with 挑……的毛病
get rid of 摆脱 lose sight of 看不见 pay attention to 注意
make progress in 在……方面取得进步 make room for为……腾出空间
make contributions to 对……作出贡献 play a part in起作用
put an end to结束 take advantage of利用 take notice of注意到
take pride in以......为豪 catch sight of看到 find fault with......挑......的毛病
l No. 3 动词+介词+名词
Point1 动词后需跟宾语类的短语有:
bring.. to an end 使……结束 bring... under control 使……在掌控下
keep/have... in mind 记住…… put... into effect 使……生效
learn... by heart 记住……
Point2 动词后不带宾语类的短语有:
burst into tears突然大哭起来 come into being产生 come to power执政 come into use开始被使用 come into effect生效 put on weight 长胖
考向三 其他常考动词短语
l No. 1 动词+反身代词+介词
abandon oneself to沉溺于 addict oneself to沉溺于
adapt oneself to使自己适应 devote oneself to致力于
apply oneself to 专注于 lose oneself in 专心于
l No. 2 动词+副词+介词
break away from脱离 be fed up with厌倦 catch up with赶上
come up with提出 date back to追溯到 go in for从事
live up to不辜负 look down upon蔑视 look forward to盼望
run out of用光
l No. 3 be+形容词+介词
be angry with 对……生气 be busy with 忙于…… be harmful to对……有害
be famous for 因……而著名 be friendly to对……友好 be good at 擅长
be different from 与……不同 be interested in 对……感兴趣 be popular with...受......的欢迎
考向四 高频动词短语归纳
1. believe词组
believe in 确信,信任,信仰,主张
believe one's ears 相信所听到的话
make believe 假装(pretend to do sth.)
seeing is believing 眼见为实
2. blow词组
blow about 吹散 blow away 吹走
blow off 吹掉,吹散,吹灭
blow out吹灭,走气
blow up,放大(照片),吹大(气球),爆炸,发脾气
give sb. a heavy blow 给某人以沉重打击
3. break词组
break away 摆脱,脱离
break away from … 脱离……,奋力挣脱……、打破
break down 出故障,中止,分解、抛锚、破坏,粉碎;瓦解;衰弱,损坏;(健康等)垮掉,累垮;崩溃
break in 打断,插话,闯入,强行进入,使顺服
break into … 闯入……,破门而入,突然开始,把(sth.)分成
break (sth) off (使某物)折断,中断某事物,突然停止,打断,断绝
break out (战争、火灾)突然发生,爆发,准备使用;起锚
break open 破开,撬开
break short 中断,折断
break out in tears 突然大哭
break the rule(law) 违反规定
break one’s promise 失言
break through 突围,冲跨,克服,挤过去
break up vt. 分解,分裂,拆散,碎开,开垦,vi.结束
4. bring词组
bring about 引起,导致,使发生,促使
bring along 把……带来,领来
bring back 拿(送)回来,使恢复,使回忆
bring sth / sb back to life 使……生动/活泼,使……苏醒
bring down 使……降低,减少,使……倒下,使……落下,浓缩,收缩,击落
bring down / up (the price) 降价/提价
bring forth开(花),结(果),发表,宣布,提出
bring forward 提出
bring in 引进(技术),赚钱,带来(收入),吸收
bring into action 使行动起来,使生效
bring into effect/practice 完成,实现,实施,实行
bring into operation 使运转,将...投入生产
bring into (full) play 发挥,调动,利用
bring sb.into touch with...接触,触摸
bring on 发展,引起,导致,使前进,提出(论点)
bring out 拿出,公布,出版,生产,揭露,阐明,使表现出
bring off 完成,救出,使成功,搬走
bring to 使苏醒
bring … to use = put …to use 对……加以利用
bring through 治愈,使度过困难/危险时期
bring / carry sth to / into effect 实施……
bring to light 出现,公布,暴露
bring to mind 使想起,回忆起
bring up 抚养,培养,哺育,使停止
5. build词组
build ... into 把...建设成,把...装入
build on / upon 建立在...上,依赖,指望
build up 增加,增进,建成,振兴
build up to 增加
6. burst为中心的词组
burst forth 爆发,喷出,忽然出现
burst in 闯进,突然出现
burst into 闯进,突然...起来,突然发出
burst into tears / laughter 嚎啕大哭/放声大笑
burst out 迸发,爆发,突然发出,大声叫喊
burst out crying / laughing嚎啕大哭/放声大笑
7. call词组
call away 叫走,把(注意力)转移开
call at (sp) 访问(某地),拜访(某地),停泊在
call back 回电话
call for 提倡,号召,要求,需要,去接某人,接走某人,迎,取
call / shout for help 呼救
call in 请来,召集,来访,打电话,引入
call off 取消,下令停止
call on / upon 号召
call on (sb) 拜访(某人),访问(某人)
call out 大声呼喊,叫喊,唤起
call sb…for short 简称某人……
call sb names 谩骂某人
call up 给……打电话,使人想起,号召,召集
call to mind 使想起,回忆起
pay a call at sp. 访问(某地)
pay a call on sb. 拜访(某人)
8. catch词组
be caught in the rain 淋雨
catch /take fire 着火
catch on 挂住,明白,理解,受欢迎
catch one’s word 听懂话
catch out 发觉,抓住某人的错处
catch sight of 发现,瞥见
9. carry词组
carry about 随身携带
carry away 冲走,带走,冲昏某人头脑
carry back 拿回,运回,使想起
carry ...into effect /practice 执行,实行,实现,完成
carry off 带走叼走,夺去...的生命,获得(奖品)
carry on 坚持,继续,进行
carry out 贯彻,执行,实施,完成
carry through 坚持到底,进行到底,贯彻,完成
10. check词组
check in 报到,登记,投宿旅馆
check off 检验,清点
check on 检查,调查
check out 查明,结帐,付款而离开旅馆
check up 核对,检查,检验
check with 商议,符合,核对无误
11. clear词组
clear away 扫除,消除
clear off 清除,清理,(云雾)消散,(雨)停
clear out 清除,扫出
clear through 通过(检查,批准)
clear up(天)变晴,打扫,消除
make it clear that...使人明白
12. come词组
come about 发生,产生,(风,帆)改变方向
come across 偶然相遇,想起;越过;偿付
come along 一道来,随同,进展,出现
come at … 向……袭击,达到,求得,得到;扑向,袭击
come back 回来,想起来,复原
come down 下来,下落,倒下,降落;跌落;病倒
come down to… 到达,从一处来到另一处
come for… 来拿,来取
come from… 来自,出生于,起源于
come in 进来,进入,流行起来;获名次
come into being 形成,产生,出现
come into operation开始运转,实施,生效
come into possession of占有,拥有
come into the possession of被...占有,被...拥有
come off 脱落,从……离开
come on 过来,加油,赶快,上演;开始;登台;(问题)被提出
come near 接近,不亚于,几乎,差一点
come on / upon sb / sth 偶然遇见,偶然碰上,偶然发现
come out 露出,出来,出现,出版,发(芽),(花)开,出版;结果是;褪色;(秘密)泄露
come over 访问,越过
come over to… 过来,顺便来访,从一个地方来到另一个地方
come round / around (非正式)来访,串门,绕道
come off (头发,牙齿,纽扣)脱落,离开
come to … 来到,出现,提及,达到,共计,结果是,苏醒,达到;归结于,渐渐(to do sth =get to do sth.)
come to a decision 作出决定
come to an end 结束,终止
come to know 逐渐地知道
come to life (变得)活泼,苏醒过来,栩栩如生
come to light 显露,为人所知,明朗化
come to oneself 苏醒过来,恢复知觉
come to a stop 结束,停止,停顿
come to / into power 当权,上台
come / go to ruin = fall into ruin 变成废墟
come to terms with… 甘心忍受
come true 变为现实,成为事实,证实
come up 被提出,上来(风浪)猛烈起来,抬头,走近;上楼;长出,发芽,流行起来
come up to sb 朝某人走来
come up with … 提出,想出(主意),找出(答案),赶上
come upon (偶然)遇见,突然发生
13. cross词组
cross out / off 打消,删去,除去
cross one's fingers交叉手指(表祝福)
cross one's mind想起 cross over横贯,穿过,交叉
cross sb. in 与某人作对,在...中阻碍某人
14. cut词组
a cut above 胜过一筹 a short cut 近路,捷径
cut/break/make a /the record 创造新记录,打破记录
cut away 切除,剪去,砍掉,逃走
cut down 砍倒,砍下,削减,缩短
cut in 插嘴,加塞,插入
cut in line 插队
cut off 切断(线路),中断(供应),剪下,关掉
cut sth. open 切开,切伤
cut out 删除,剪下来,切下
cut sth.short 缩减,截短
cut through 凿通,挖通,贯穿
cut up 切碎,剪碎,剁碎,齐根切掉,割裂,歼灭
15. do词组
be done in 精疲力竭
be done with 完全结束
do the deed 付诸行动,生效
do about 处理,应付
do and don’t 要与不要
do a good deed 做一件好事
do a test 做实验,做化验
do a word puzzle 猜字谜
do away with 废除,废除;弄死;浪费
do body-building 做健身操
do chores 处理琐事,干家务
do /cause damage to 损害
do its work 有效,有作用
do housework 做家务活
do make-up 化妆,打扮
do observations 观察
do one’s best 尽某人最大努力
do much 极有用
do sb. right 公平对待,正确批评某人
do research on… 从事……研究工作
do sb honor = do honor to sb 礼遇某人,对某人表示敬意
do sb. justice 公平对待某人
do up 打扮,梳妆,收拾,把(衣服,鞋子等)扣/系好,捆,扎,刷新
do up one’s shoes / hair 系好鞋带/梳好头
do up the button 扣纽扣
do well / better in… 在……方面干得好/更好
do wonders 创造奇迹,产生奇特的效果
do with 处理,处置,对付,和~~相处,忍受
do without 不需要...也行,不用
do wrong 做坏事,做错事(do right = do the right thing 做得对)
in doing so=in so doing 这时,在这种情况下
16. drive词组
drive away vi.开车走掉 vt.赶走,驱赶
drive off 驱散
drive out 逐出,乘车出去
drive through 乘车穿过(街道等)
drive sb.mad 使某人发疯
17. fall词组
fall ill /asleep /silent 生病/睡着/沉默
fall back撤退,后退
fall behind 落后,落伍,落在后面
fall down 倒下,落下,掉下,病倒,失败
fall in love with...爱上(某人)
fall into 陷入,养成,开始,渐渐
fall into a habit of 养成...习惯
fall off 掉下,衰退,减少
fall over 摔倒,落在...上,(头发)披在肩上
fall to pieces 破碎,崩溃,瓦解
fall into ruins 成为废墟
fall to the guound 坠地,失败,落空
18. fix词组
fix a date / time for...为...安排日期/时间
fix up 修理,安装,安排,建造,提供
fix on / upon 确定,决定
fix one's eyes on/upon 注视,凝视
fix one's attention on/upon专心于,把注意力集中在
out of fix (钟表)不准,不健全
19. get词组
get at 意指,本意是,发现,了解;掌握;攻击
get about 四处走动,活动,徘徊,旅行;流传
get above oneself 自视高傲
get across 度过,通过,横过;说服,使被理解
get ahead of 胜过,超过
get along 前进,进步;同意;离去,相处
get around 走动,传播,影响,说服
get away 移走,逃离(from),出发,开始度假
get back 回来,取回,找回,退还,报复
get behind 落后;识破
get close to 接近
get down vt.咽下;写下;使沮丧,使倒下vi.下来
get down on one’s knees 跪下
get down to (doing) sth 认真对待,静下心来开始(做)某事
get in 进入,收获,达到,陷入;牵涉
get in a word 插话
get into 进入,陷入,养成
get sb into… 使某人陷入
get it 接(电话),应(门),理解,懂得
get off 下车,脱下(衣服等),送走,动身
get on 上车,过活,穿上;进步,使前进;成功;相处
get on / along with… 进展,与……相处
get on/upon with 进步;在~~方面获得成功
get one's hand in 熟悉;习惯
get on one’s feet (艰难地)站立起来
get out vi. 摆脱,出去,下车,泄露,离开
get out of 逃避,避免,由~~出来,从~~得出,退休
get over 克服,恢复,原谅,越过,痊愈;克服,完成
get up 起床,起身,研究,钻研;致力于;安排
get through 接通(电话),完成(工作),通过(议案、考试等),到达
get to 到达,抵达 get to sleep 入睡,设法睡着
get / gain / take possession of 占有,拥有,占领
get ready for 为……做准备
get rid of 除掉,去掉
get sb to do 让某人做
get the idea for… 想到……的主意
get the message across 传播信息
get together 相聚,碰头,联欢,积聚,商谈,取得一致意见
get / be engaged (to sb) (与某人)订婚
20. give词组
be given to 沉溺于,习惯于,癖好
give about 分配;传播
give and take 相互迁就,互让
give away 赠送,给予,背弃,泄露,分发,牺牲,颁发
give back 归还,送回
give back 归还,反射
give cause 给予~~的理由
give ear to 侧耳倾听
give forth 发出,放出;发表
give in 投降,让步,屈服
give in to 同意,接受;向~~让步
give off 释放,发出,放出 (烟、光、热、气味等)
give oneself out as/to be 自称为
give oneself up to 专心于;向~~自首
give out vt.分发,公布,发出,使筋疲力尽 vi.用完,用完,耗尽
give(hand)over转交,移交
give place to 让位于,被~~所替代
give rise to引起,导致;使~~发生
give up 放弃,辞去,停止
give a concert 开音乐会
give a description of… 描述……
give / make a speech 演讲,讲话
give a talk 演讲,做报告
give birth to 生婴儿,生产,造成
give close attention to 密切关注
give medical care to sb 对某人进行治疗
give shade in summer (夏天时)遮阳
give / lend sb a hand 给某人帮助
give sb a second look 再看某人一眼
give sb a warm welcome 热烈欢迎某人
give sb. to understand 通知某人,使明白
give sb some advice on sth / doing sth / how to do sth 就……向某人提出建议/忠告
give way to 让步,退却;屈服于
given that...假定,给定,已知
21. go词组
go abroad 出国 go about 四处走走,开始做,着手干,(谣言等)流传
go about from house to house 挨/逐家拜访
go against 违反,违背,反对,不利于
go across 度过,越过
go ahead 说吧,干吧,领先,走在前面,前进,进展
go after 追逐,追求,跟随
go / walk around 四处走走
go all about 鼓足干劲,全力以赴
go along 前进,进行下去
go away 走开,离去
go around 走来走去,四处走动
go back 回去
go beyond 超越
go by 走过,经过,(时间)消逝,过去
go down to 延续到,继续到
go down 下来,落下,倒下 ,垮台,(风等)平静,沉没
go down on one’s knees 跪下
go for 为……去,努力获取,主张,适用于,去(取,拿)
go for sb 对某人也一样
go in 进去,(日月等)被云遮蔽
go in for 参加,喜欢,赞成,从事,为...而努力
go into 详细调查,进入,参加,从事
go into details 细说
go off 走开,离去,(闹钟)闹响,爆炸
go off to = be off to = leave for 动身去
go off the air 停止广播(比较:go on the air 开始广播)
go on 发生,进行,继续
go on with...继续做,忍受
go out 熄灭,出去,外出,离开,下台,退休
go over 复习,过一遍,仔细检查,审阅,越过
go round 拜访,绕道走,绕...运行
go past 从……的旁边过去
go up 上升,上涨,增长,攀登
go with…与……相配,和...一道走,同意
go without 忍受没有……之苦,没有……也行,没有……也能勉强应付
go straight along 沿着……一直往前走
go through 通过,浏览,仔细检查,审查,履行,忍受
go through with 完成
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