秘籍11-书面表达(解析版)(全国通用).docx

秘籍10 书面表达
目录
高考预测
考查概率预测；难度预测；考向预测
应试秘籍
常考题型
解题技法分析
典例剖析
单题训练（文体分类）
篇章模考题训练
误区点拨
常见错点梳理
习题训练巩固
名校模拟
2023最新省市名校模拟题
考点综合训练

高考预测

概率预测
☆☆☆☆☆
难度预测
☆☆☆
考向预测
①　 书信格式；
②　 开放性作文；
③　 图表式；

应试秘籍
（一）开头
对于一篇考场习作来说，设置一个新颖、别致的开头，做到“先声夺人”，就离成功近了一步。
首先，考生应注意以下两点内容：（1）开头决不要绕圈子，也不一定要按时间、地点的顺序平铺直叙；（2）题目没有提示的内容一般不必加上，联想不宜过多。其次，为开拓思路，避免或减少错误，要尽量使用自己熟悉或准备好的开头句式。
以My Teacher这个话题为例，开头句式可如下——
1. A is my teacher...
2. I have many teachers. A is one of them...
【点评】开头点题，按照题目提供的情景平铺直叙，一般不会离题，但写作技巧不高。
3. I will never forget my teacher A...
4. Many things may be easily forgotten， but my teacher A often appears in my mind...
【点评】开头点题，且话里有话，所要表达的内容跃然纸上。
5. Several years has passed since I said good-bye to my teacher A...
6. Do you know my friend and also my teacher A...
【点评】开头设疑，给人以“欲知后事，请看下文”之感，自然地引出下文。
7. Have you ever heard about my teacher A， learned but lovely man？ He is my teacher.
【点评】开头设疑，引导下文，而且点明了老师的性格，为表达两人之间的关系埋下了伏笔。
8. Simple as he is...， he is my teacher A.
【点评】在栩栩如生的描述之后揭示谜底，适合基础较好的同学使用。如果文章很长或内容繁杂则不宜用这种开头。
（二）结尾
结尾是对文章主题的归纳，好的结尾能引起读者的共鸣，深化主题，引人深思。结尾的写作技巧主要有总结观点、重复主题句、提出结论、提出问题、暗示答案等。
1.首尾呼应，画龙点睛
把含义较深的话放在文末，能够深化主题，起到画龙点睛的效果。例如题为I cannot forget her（我忘不了她）的文章的结尾：After her death I felt as if something were missing in my life. I was sad over her passing away， but I knew she would not have had any regrets at having given her life for the benefit of the people.
2.重复主题句
结尾回到文章开头说明的中心思想或主题上，能够起到强调主题的效果。例如题为I Love My Hometown的文章的结尾：I love my hometown and I love its people. They have changed-they are going all out to make more contribution for my motherland.
3.自然结尾
文章自然而然地结尾，具有简单之美。例如题为Fishing的文章的结尾：I caught as many as 20 fish in two hours， but my brother caught many more. Tired from fishing we lay down on the riverback， bathing in the sun. We returned home very late.
4.用反问句结尾
反问句具有特别强调的作用，能够引起读者深思。例如题为Should We Learn to Do Housework？（我们要不要做家务？）的文章的结尾：Everyone should learn to do housework. Don’t you agree， boys and girls？
5.指明方向，激励读者
结尾表达对将来的展望，或期待读者加入行动，能起到良好的互动效果。例如题为Lets Go in for Sports（让我们参加体育运动）的文章的结尾：As we have said above， sports can be of great value. They not only make people live happily but also help people to learn virtues and do their work better. A sound mind is in a sound body. Let us go in for sports.
好的文章结尾能够概括全文内容，进一步强调或肯定文章的中心思想，使文章的意义表达得更加深刻。结尾没有一定的模式，考生根据主题表达的需要灵活创作即可。
三、过渡模块
在写作时，考生可在文中穿插一些过渡性词汇、短语或句型，这样会使短文过渡自然，衔接紧密，行文紧凑。
1. 表因果关系：therefore，so，hence，thus，accordingly，consequently，as a result...
2. 表举例示范：for example，in other words，for instance，that is，that is to say...
3. 表总结概括：in summary，to sum up，in brief，in short，on the whole，in a word，all in all，in conclusion，as has been noted...
4. 表转折让步：unfortunately，anyway，but，however，otherwise，still，yet，after all，in spite of，on the contrary，on the other hand，in any case，whatever...
5. 表递进过渡：again，also，worse still，obviously，then，besides，further，furthermore，moreover，next，similarly，after a while，at the same time，in addition，meanwhile，suddenly，later，soon，in the same way，what’s more...
【开头段模板】
1. Nowadays there is a growing concern over... Many people like...， while others are inclined to...
2. There is a debate/controversy today as to/over/concerning the issue/problem of...
3. Those who criticize/oppose/argue that... They believe that... But people who advocate/favor/are for...， on the other hand， ...
4. Some people say that...， other people suggest that... But I can hardly share this point of view for several reasons.
5. As far as I am concerned/Personally， I am in favor of the opinion that...
【中間段模板】
1. Undeniably， ...is good in many aspects. However， it has its disadvantages， too. For one thing， it... For another， it...
2. There is no denying that...
3. It is generally accepted that...
4. From what has been discussed above， we may safely draw the conclusion that...
5. Nevertheless， people seldom reach an absolute consensus on such a controversial issue.
6. Although...has a great advantage of...， it can not compete with...in...
7. However， views on this issue vary from person to person. Some people believe that...
【结尾段模板】
1. In brief/To conclude/In conclusion...
2. As for me， I am firmly convinced that....
3. Taking into account both sides of argument， I think...
4. Thus， based on the above discussion and analysis， we can see that...
5. For my part， I completely agree with the latter view that...
典例剖析
假定你是李华，在校英语专栏看到了学校“英语文化节”的一则招募启事。请阅读启事，并根据写作要点和写作要求写一封应征邮件。
Volunteers Wanted
Our annual English Festival， which will be held on April 15-17， 2018， is now looking for 20 student volunteers to provide service for Talent Show， Speech Contest， and English Debate. If you are interested， please send an application email at your earliest convenience to Ms. Chen at chenlaoshi @ aef. com.
写作要点：
1.表达写信意图；
2.陈述应征目的；
3.说明应征条件（性格、能力等）。
写作要求：
1.邮件词数不少于100；
2.开头和结尾部分已写好，不计入总词数；
3.可根据情况增加细节，使行文连贯；
4.不能使用真实姓名和学校名称。
Dear Ms. Chen，
I'm Li Hua，a student from Class 2，Grade3.______________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours truly，
Li Hua
第一环节：审题：
根据本篇文章汉语和英语提示，可知本文格式为申请信。以第一人称为主，时态以一般现在时为主，一般将来时为辅。题材为申请一个学生志愿者的岗位，为英语节提供服务。
第二环节：布局安排
第一段：自我介绍及写信目的（提出申请）；
第二段：应征的目的：
第三段：介绍自己的优势；
第四段：表明决心及表示感谢。
第三环节：遣词造句
第一步：写对词汇不丢冤枉分
1.职位：position
2.申请：apply for
3.组织能力：organizational ability
4.外向的：outgoing
5.精通、掌握：have a good command of
6.自信：confidence
7.交际能力：communication skills
8.助手，助理：assistant
9.感激（的）：appreciate/thank； thankful/grateful
第二步：列全要点、写对句子保基本分
1.我写邮件是為了申请学生志愿者岗位。
I'm writing to apply for the position as a student volunteer.
我可以提高我的组织能力、交流能力以及在公共场合说英语的信心。
I will be able to improve my organizational ability， communication skills as well as my confidence speaking English in public.
3.此外，我特别精通英语，我被选为英语课代表。
Besides， because I have a good command of English，I am elected as assistant to my English teacher.
4.在我们班的几个英语活动中，我成功地帮助了老师，对这件事情，老师和同学们都很感激。
Successfully，I have lent a helping hand to my teacher in several English activities of my class， and it has been appreciated by both teachers and my classmates.
5.我相信我可以完全不辜负你的期望。
I am sure that I can perfectly live up to your expectations.

第三步：句式升级、打造两点得高分
1.用such...that...句式改造写句
Besides，l have such a good command of English that I am elected as assistant to my English teacher.
2.用which引导的非限制性定语从句升级写句
Successfully，I have lent a helping hand to my teacher in several English activities of my class， which has been appreciated by both teachers and classmates.
第四步：过渡衔接、润色成文创满分
Dear Ms. Chen，
I'm Li Hua，a student from Class 2，Grade 3.I am writing to apply for the position as a student volunteer.
I really want to obtain this precious opportunity because by offering my service，I will be able to improve my organizational ability，communication skills as well as my confidence in speaking English in public.
As an outgoing girl，l get along well with my classmates. Besides，I have such a good command of English that I am elected as assistant to my English teacher. Successfully， I have lent a helping hand to my teacher in several English activities of my class， which has been appreciated by both teachers and my classmates.
I am sure that I can perfectly live up to your expectations.
I will be grateful if you could give me a kind consideration.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours truly，
Li Hua

误区点拨
（一）英汉主语不同
主语是句子的灵魂所在，然而，英语、汉语对主语的使用习惯却存在着很大的差异。英语更强调客观效果，注重客观事物对人的影响和作用，因此常常会用一些表示事物、动作或效果之类的没有生命的词作主语，一般称为“无灵主语”。而汉语则恰恰相反，习惯用人或者是有生命的东西作主语，一般称为“有灵主语”。考生在写作时，如能紧贴英语语言习惯，多使用“无灵主语”，就会吸引阅卷者的注意。
1. Wrong： I cost（我花了）one thousand dollars to buy the painting last week.（cost）
Right： It cost me one thousand dollars to buy the painting last week.
2. Wrong： Come and see me if you are convenient（如果你方便）.（convenient）
Right： Come and see me if it is convenient for/to you .
（二）英汉成分相异
句子成分的易位大致可分为语法易位和修辞易位两类。易位作为一种重要的语法手段和修辞手段，在英语和汉语中的使用存在差异，值得考生们重视。
1. Wrong： The old couple have two daughters， both of them are doctors（ 两个都是医生）.（ both ）
Right： The old couple have two daughters， both of whom are doctors.
2. Wrong： A manager as she is（尽管她是个经理），she is very modest.（as）
Right： Manager as she is， she is very modest.
（三）英汉语序各异
语序（即句子成分的空间分布）反映的是语言符号之间的关系，是言内意义在句法层面上的体现。因此，语序在很大程度上决定一个民族的思维习惯。我们可用“大同小异”来概括英汉语序特征：“同”是主谓宾的相对位置相同，“异”是指两种语言中定语和状语的位置不同。
1. Wrong： The longest three rivers（最长的三条河流）in the world are the Niles， the Amazon and the Changjiang River.（river）
Right： The three longest rivers are the Niles， the Amazon and the Changjiang River.
2. Wrong： So clearly he speaks English（他讲英语）that he can always make himself understood.（speak）
Right： So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood.
（四）英汉语态有别
英语被动语态使用范围比较广，而汉语中被动语态使用比较少，这就在客观上给中学生理解英语被动语态造成了困难。
1. Wrong： The driver should be blamed（应该受到责备）for the accident.（blame）
Right： The driver is to blame for the accident.
2. Wrong： My motor-car is repairing（正在修）.（repair）
Right： My motor-car is being repaired.
（五）英汉表达方式特殊
由于不同语言有不同的特点和不同文化存在差异等原因，英语和汉语在语法、语义及表達方式等方面不尽相同。
1. Wrong： I hurried to the station only finding（结果却发现）the train had left. （find）
Right： I hurried to the station only to find the train had already left.
2. Wrong： -You had better go and wash your car（把你的轿车洗洗）.（wash）
-I will do it myself.
Right： -You had better go and have/get your car washed.
-I will do it myself.
当然，考生在写作中出现的问题远不止这些，还有审题不仔细、抓不准要点、拼写错误多、同根词混用等。此外，同学们在英语学习中有一种不良倾向，即比较重视句子的语法是否正确，忽视句子结构及其实际运用。在备考时，考生可借鉴庖丁解牛之法，学会总结规律，找准汉译英的切入点。
名校模拟练
1.【2023届西南联盟“3+3+3”高考高三备考诊断性联考】
为展示春季校园的魅力和风采，你校学生会将举办校园微视频大赛，现向全校学生征集微视频作品。作为学生会主席，请你写一则作品征集通知发布于校英语专栏。要点如下：
1．活动目的；
2．作品要求；
3．截止日期和作品提交方式。
注意：1．词数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：微视频 micro-video
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】参考范文
Notice
Good news for you all! The Students’ Union is going to hold a micro-video contest in order to present the charm and beauty of our campus. Everyone is welcome to take part in the contest and make your contributions.
We are delighted to receive works with various themes of people, life and scenery on campus, which may leave a deep impression on you. Also, the length of the video should be no more than 10 minutes and the images clear. Most importantly, all the works must be original so as to protect each student’s intellectual property.
Please send your works to Students Union@ before next Friday. Your contributions will certainly make the event a huge success. Come on, everybody!
Students’ Union
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一则作品征集通知发布于校英语专栏，向全校学生征集微视频作品。
【详解】1.词汇积累
比赛：contest→competition
高兴的：delighted→happy
各种各样的：various→varieties of
参加：take part in→participate in
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：The Students’ Union is going to hold a micro-video contest in order to present the charm and beauty of our campus.
拓展句：The Students’ Union is going to hold a micro-video contest, the purpose of which is to present the charm and beauty of our campus.
【点睛】[高分句型1] We are delighted to receive works with various themes of people, life and scenery on campus, which may leave a deep impression on you. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] Most importantly, all the works must be original so as to protect each student’s intellectual property. (运用了副词作状语，修饰整个句子)

2.【2023届江西省100所名校最新模拟示范卷高三英语卷】
假定你是李华，你的爱尔兰朋友Mike来邮件向你了解中国的劳动课程进校园的情况，请你回复邮件。内容包括：
1.劳动课程的意义；
2.劳动课程的学习内容。
注意：
1.词数100左右；
2.开头语已为你写好。
参考词汇：教育部The Ministry of Education
Dear Mike,
I’m happy to share some information about labor education in China.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Mike,
I’m happy to share some information about labor education in China.
Currently, great importance has been increasingly attached to labor education. The labor courses have been set up recently, aiming to raise the students’ awareness of labor-loving. The courses are scheduled to be held every Wednesday. Students from different grades take an active part in the courses featuring daily life skills, including cooking, gardening, volunteering service and so on.
The labor courses are highly thought of, because not only does it provide a chance for us to pick up some practical skills, but it is also of great benefit to our growth.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，假定你是李华，你的爱尔兰朋友Mike来邮件向你了解中国的劳动课程进校园的情况，请你回复邮件。
【详解】1.词汇积累
目前：currently→at present
重要性：importance→significance
机会：chance→opportunity
对……有益：be of great benefit→be beneficial
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Currently, great importance has been increasingly attached to labor education.
拓展句：Currently, great importance has been increasingly attached to labor education, which emphasizes on practical skills and some maintenance techniques.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Students from different grades take an active part in the courses featuring daily life skills, including cooking, gardening, volunteering service and so on. (运用了现在分词短语作定语)
[高分句型2] The labor courses are highly thought of, because not only does it provide a chance for us to master some practical skills, but it is also of great benefit to our growth. (运用了部分倒装句型)

3.【2023届河南省湘豫名校联考高三3月模拟考试英语试题】
为了帮助学生学习汉字、精进中文、以文会友、以画筑梦，“汉语桥”汉语大会书画比赛正在征集以“春天”为主题的作品，请为此写一则通知，号召同学们积极参加这次比赛。
内容包括：
1.起止时间；
2.作品要求；
3.其他要求。
参考词汇：“汉语桥”全球汉语大会书画比赛 Chinese Bridge Proficiency Competition —Calligraphy and Painting Challenge
注意：
1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
NOTICE
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version:
NOTICE
In order to call on students to learn Chinese characters, study the Chinese language, meet new friends and show their artistic skills, Chinese Bridge Proficiency Competition--Calligraphy and Paint