Unit-4-单元话题语法填空练习(译林2020).docx

Unit 4单元话题语法填空专项练习
(名校最新真题)
（2022·江苏·高一课时练习）语法填空
In 2015, Tu Youyou won the Nobel Prize. She was the first Chinese female scientist ____1____(award) the prize for her great contributions to medicine. Tu Youyou and her team discovered artemisinin, the world’s most ____2____(effect) drug for fighting malaria. The drugs  ____3____(save) the lives of millions so far. When ____4____(thank) the Committee for the honour, Tu Youyou said, “This is not only an honour for myself, but also ____5____(recognise) of and encouragement for all scientists in China.”
After graduating from Peking University Health Science Centre, Tu Youyou worked in China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences and gained ____6____ deep knowledge about traditional practices. In 1969, Tu Youyou was chosen to establish a team to find a cure for malaria. Across the world, scientists tested over 240,000 chemicals with no success. However, Tu Youyou had an idea ____7____ Chinese herbs might hold the secret. She and her team used modern research methods to study these Chinese herbs one by one.
This was not an easy work. However, after hundreds of failed experiments, they ____8____ (eventual) found a promising chemical. They tested themselves and the test was a success. The medicine they discovered was artemisinin. In 2019, Tu Youyou ____9____(select) by the BBC as one of the most influential figures of science in the 20th century. _____10_____ her age, Tu Youyou continues to conduct research.

（2022·江苏南京·高一课时练习）语法填空
The World Wide Web is now more than thirty years old. Its ___11___ (invent), Sir Tim Berners-Lee, has spoken about his creation ___12___ its 30th anniversary. He said he was concerned about how people are using the Internet and its billions of websites today. He also said he is concerned about the future of the Web. He wrote a letter ___13___ (say)he knew many people felt unsure about whether the Web was “a force for good”. He believed it can be a force for good and can empower(授权)billions of people. He wrote that he believed governments and companies must work together to build a ___14___ (good)Internet.
Sir Tim had three main concerns about the World Wide Web. The first was criminal behaviour. He described it as a“mirror of humanity(人性)” ___15___ “you will see good and bad”. He said governments must pass laws ___16___(keep)people safe. The second thing that worried Berners-Lee was how social media ___17___ (use)to spread misinformation. The past few years ___18___ (see)a rise in fake news. Berners-Lee is also worried about people’s privacy and ___19___ (person)information. He stressed the importance of fighting for ____20____ better and safer Web and keeping it free for everyone to use.

（2022·四川省绵阳南山中学高一开学考试）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A Respectable Watermelon Expert
China ____21____(be) the largest producer and consumer of watermelons in the world since 2018. And Wu Mingzhu, 92 years old now, is the unsung hero who has helped make this possible. It’s fair____22____(say) that about 80 percent of the watermelons served at people’s dining tables every day are the result of great efforts made by Wu and her team over more than 60 years.
Admitted to Southwest Agricultural College in Chongqing in the late 1940s, Wu is an alumnus (校友) of Yuan Longping, the “father of hybrid rice”. After two years of application failures, Wu succeeded in ____23____(realize)her dream of starting her career in Xinjiang in 1955. Since then, she has put ____24____(she)to growing sweet melons.
Wu’s efforts to grow quality melons began paying off in 1973, ____25____she set up an off-season growing base in Hainan. Going and returning between Xinjiang and Hainan ____26____(frequent) for many years, Wu developed more than 20,000 of China’s new seed ____27____(kind) through off-season growing.
Wu’s contribution has won her many praises. She became ____28____member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering in 1999 and an honorary citizen of Sanya in 2004. In addition, growers call her the “Queen of Melons”.
Now suffering from Alzheimer’s (阿尔兹海默) disease, Wu is often ____29____(able)to recognize her former colleagues or even her family members. However, the memory of her melon work _____30_____(remain) in her mind.

（2022·山东·潍坊一中高一期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单问或括号内单词的正确形式。
Albert Einstein, perhaps the greatest scientists in modem physies is considered one of the smartest men who ever lived. Einstein was not only a genius bat also a ____31____(courage) figure loved by many people.
Einstein was born in Germany on 14 March 1879.At 16,he tried to enter university in Switzerland, but failed due to his low scores in ____32____ general part of the entrance exam. despite ____33____(obtain) the exceptional scores in maths and physics. After studying for another year, he managed to pass the exam,____34____(enter) university in 1896 and graduating in 1900.
____35____(make)a living, he took up a position in the Swiss patent office. Out of a strong passion ____36____ knowledge, he continued to study there and earned a doctorate in physics in 1905.Then he published four extraordinary physics papers and ____37____(gradual) became famous throughout the world. In 1922, he ____38____(award) the Nobel Prize for physics. But circumstances changed in 1933, ____39____ Hitler came to power in Germany. As a Jewish, he had to flee Germany. Finally, he took a job as a ____40____(research) at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton. Following that, he continued to make great achievements in physics and mathematics.

（2022·辽宁·高一阶段练习）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Lots of foreigners don’t understand why so many Chinese people are sorrowful about Yuan Longping’s passing away.
This reminds me of an issue more than 20 years ago,____41____ I was a Chinese journalist in the US. Some American scholars ____42____ (think) China could hardly realize food-sufficiency (粮食自给自足) because of the ____43____ (limit) water resources, decrease of agricultural land due to industrial development and the fast population ____44____(grow). Just at that time, Yuan Longping announced breakthroughs in planting the new rice.
____45____ (bring) to large area application, this technique improved the annual production of rice greatly, which fed ____46____ population of 60 million—equal to the whole of the UK.
Western scholars’ prediction of China back then was indeed analyzing China’s problems, but they failed ____47____ (realize) that the Chinese people have the capability to deal with these challenges.
If they had had any knowledge of Yuan who devoted all his life____48____our country, they wouldn’t have made such pessimistic evaluations. Why did the Chinese people make ____49____ ? Why are so many predictions about China in the West_____50_____ (accurate)? It’s time to change minds to better understand China.

（2022·江苏·高一专题练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Charles Darwin was born on February 12,1809. He was the British naturalist ____51____ became famous for his theories of ____52____ (evolve). Like several scientists before him, Darwin believed all the life on earth evolved over millions of years from a few common ancestor.
Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural ____53____ (select) holds that variation within species occurs randomly and that the survival or extinction (灭绝)of each organism ____54____ (determine) by that organism’s ability ____55____ (adapt) to its environment. He set these theories forth in his book called “The Origin of Species”, which was published in 1859. After ____56____ (publish) of the book. Darwin continued to write on botany, geology, and zoology until his death in 1882.
Darwin’s work had a great influence ____57____ religious thought. Many people strongly opposed the idea of evolution because it conflicted with their religion. Darwin avoided ____58____ (talk) about the theological and sociological aspects of his work, ____59____ other writers used his theories to support their own theories about society. Darwin was _____60_____ a scientific man that before he made up his mind to get married, he made a careful list of the advantages and disadvantages of marriage.

（2022·湖北武汉·高一期末）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
At age 5，Lin Qiaozhi lost her mother，____61____ death affected her deeply. So at age 18, she decided to study medicine despite ____62____ (complain) from her brother. After graduating from Peking Union Medical College with the Wenhai Scholarship, the ____63____ (high) prize given to ____64____ (graduate), she ____65____ (hire) as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital and later was named ____66____ chief resident physician. Several years later, she was sent to study in Europe and then the US where she was invited to stay by her colleagues but she ____67____ (reject) their offer.
In1941, Lin Qiaozhi became the first Chinese woman ever ____68____ (appoint) director of the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital. In1954, she was elected to the first National People's Congress. However, despite all these important positions, she was more interested in tending patients, ____69____ (publish) medical research on care for women and children, and training the next generation of doctors. Though Lin Qiaozhi never married, she was known _____70_____ the “mother of ten thousand babies", having delivered over 50,000 babies in her lifetime.

（2022·江苏宿迁·高一期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Many scientists both at home and abroad have changed our lives and made a difference __71__ the world in many fields.
When it comes to Chinese scientists, Tu Youyou is an important figure, ___72___ has become the first female scientist of the People’s Republic of China ___73___ (receive) a Nobel Prize for her contribution to the fight against malaria, one of the ___74___ (dead) diseases in human history. Yuan Longping is another one. He is ___75___ agricultural scientist and educator, known as the “Father of Hybrid Rice”. In 2019, he ___76___ (award) the Medal of People’s Republic of China.
For the overseas scientists, Stephen Hawking is an English physicist who have made significant ___77___ (impact) in the field of general relativity. His major achievement was his ___78___ (theory) prediction that black holes gives out radiation. The public lecture ___79___ (deliver) by Nobel Prize winner Richard Feynman argued the atomic bomb had posed threat to people and our future.
___80___ (obvious), the scientific and technological revolutions in human history have brought about rapid progress in our world.

参考答案：
1．to be awarded    2．effective    3．have saved    4．thanking    5．recognition    6．a    7．that    8．eventually    9．was selected    10．Despite
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科学家屠呦呦对医学做出的巨大贡献。虽然失败过很多次，但仍坚持研究，最终发现了世界上最有效的抗疟疾药物——青蒿素。
1．考查非谓语动词。句意：她是第一位因对医学做出巨大贡献而被授予这个奖项的中国女科学家。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填非谓语动词来作定语，修饰scientist，且scientist前有序数词the first修饰，作定语的非谓语动词要用不定式结构。结合句意，award“授予，颁发”与scientist之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用被动形式。故填to be awarded。
2．考查形容词。句意：屠呦呦和她的团队发现了青蒿素，这是世界上最有效的抗疟疾药物。根据空格前的the world’s most可知，空格处应填入形容词来构成最高级，修饰名词drug。Effect意为“作用，效果，影响”，其形容词变形为effective，意为“有效的”。故填effective。
3．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：迄今为止，这些药物已经挽救了数百万人的生命。分析句子结构可知，空格处在句中作谓语。根据时间状语so far“到目前为止，迄今为止”，该句应用现在完成时态，且主语是复数名词drugs，故用have+done结构。故填have saved。
4．考查非谓语动词。句意：屠呦呦在感谢委员会授予的荣誉时说：“这不仅是我自己的荣誉，也是对所有中国科学家的认可和鼓励。”分析句子结构可知，空格处应填入非谓语动词作状语，且thank“感谢”与句子主语Tu Youyou之间为逻辑上主谓关系，故用现在分词表主动关系。故填thanking。
5．考查名词。句意：屠呦呦在感谢委员会授予的荣誉时说：“这不仅是我自己的荣誉，也是对所有中国科学家的认可和鼓励。”根据not only…but also…连接并列结构可知，空格处与名词honour“荣誉，荣耀”并列作表语，所以空格处应填入名词。recognise意为“承认，认可，识别”，其名词变形为recognition，意为“承认，认可”，且表示抽象概念，为不可数名词。故填recognition。
6．考查冠词。句意：从北京大学医学院毕业后，屠呦呦在中国中医科学院工作，对传统医学有了深入的了解。分析句子结构可知，deep knowledge作gained的宾语，故空格处应填入冠词起限定作用。结合句意可知，是关于传统医学这一方面的知识，故用不定冠词。故填a。
7．考查同位语从句引导词。句意：然而，屠呦呦有个想法，中草药可能隐藏着这个秘密。分析句子结构可知，空格前后均为完整的句子。结合句意，空格后的句子用来解释说明idea的具体内容，是同位语从句，且从句不缺成分，意义完整。故填that。
8．考查副词。句意：然而，在几百次失败的实验之后，他们最终发现了一种很有希望的化学品。分析句子结构可知，空格处用来修饰动词found，故用副词。eventual为形容词，意为“最终的”，其副词形式为eventually，意为“最终，结果”。故填eventually。
9．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：2019年，屠呦呦被英国广播公司评选为20世纪最具影响力的科学人物之一。分析句子结构可知，空格处在句子中作谓语，根据时间状语In 2019可知，时态为一般过去时。Select意为“选择，挑选，选拔”，结合句意，屠呦呦是被选为最具影响力的科学人物之一，故用被动语态be+done的结构，主语为第三人称单数，be动词应用was。故填was selected。
10．考查介词。句意：尽管年纪大了，屠呦呦仍在继续进行研究。根据名词短语her age可知，空格处应填入介词与其构成介宾结构。结合句意，前面提到她年纪大，后面说她仍在继续研究，故前后为转折关系。介词despite意为“尽管，即使”符合题意。故填Despite。

11．inventor    12．on    13．saying    14．better    15．where    16．to keep    17．are used    18．has seen    19．personal    20．a

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了互联网的发明者蒂姆·伯纳斯·李对互联网未来发展的担忧。
11．考查名词。句意：它的发明者蒂姆·伯纳斯·李在其成立30周年之际谈到了他的发明。分析句子结构，空前是形容词性物主代词Its，所以空格要用名词。此处指蒂姆·伯纳斯-李，所以是发明者，即inventor。故填inventor。
12．考查介词。句意：它的发明者蒂姆·伯纳斯·李在其成立30周年之际谈到了他的发明。分析句子结构，空格后是its 30th anniversary，具体到了某一天，所以要用介词on，短语on its 30th anniversary在句中作时间状语。故填on。
13．考查非谓语动词。句意：他写了一封信说，信上说他知道很多人都不确定网络是否是“一种有益的力量”。分析句子结构，空格处应填非谓语动词。逻辑主语a letter与say之间是主动关系，所以要用现在分词形式，即saying。故填saying。
14．考查形容词比较级。句意：他写道，他相信政府和公司一定会共同努力建设一个更好的互联网。由句意可知，此处暗含与过去作比较的意味，如果政府和公司联合起来就会建立一个更好的互联网，所以用比较级better，作定语修饰名词。故填better。
15．考查定语从句关系词。句意：他把它描述为“人性的镜子”，“你会看到好的和坏的方面”。分析句子结构，本句话是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a “mirror of humanity(人性)”，在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，所以用where引导。故填where。
16．考查不定式。句意：他说，政府必须通过法律来保障人民的安全。分析句子结构，空格处要填非谓语动词。由句意可知，保障人民的安全是通过法律的目的，所以空格处要填不定式，形成短语to keep people safe，在句中作目的状语。故填to keep。
17．考查动词时态和语态。句意：伯纳斯·李担心的第二件事是社交媒体如何被用来传播错误信息。分析句子结构，空格处是how引导的表语从句中的谓语动词。use与social media之间被动关系，要用被动语态。“社交媒体如何被用来传播错误信息”描述的是客观事实，所以要用一般现在时。故填are used。
18．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去几年里虚假新闻有所增加。分析句子结构，空格处是本句话的谓语动词。根据The past few years可知，要用现在完成时。主语The past few years是表时间的复数名词，应看成一个整体，谓语动词要用单数形式，即has seen。故填has seen。
19．考查形容词。句意：伯纳斯·李还担心人们的隐私和个人信息。分析句子结构，空格位于名词information前，所以要用形容词personal作定语，修饰名词information。故填personal。
20．考查冠词。句意：他强调了为一个更好更安全的网络而斗争的重要性，并保证人人都能免费使用网络。分析句子结构，web是可数名词单数，前面必须要有冠词，此处表示“一个更好更安全的网络”，所以用不定冠词表示泛指，better发音以辅音音素开头，所以a符合题意。故填a。

21．has been    22．to say    23．realizing    24．herself    25．when    26．frequently    27．kinds    28．a    29．unable    30．remains

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了受人尊敬的西瓜专家——吴明珠院士。2018年以来，中国成为世界上最大的西瓜生产国和消费国。而现年92岁的吴明珠是使这一切成为可能的无名英雄。
21．考查现在完成时。句意：2018年以来，中国成为世界上最大的西瓜生产国和消费国。结合句中since 2018可知，主句的时态为现在完成时。句子主语“China”为单数，所以此处填has been，故填has been。
22．考查不定式。句意：公平地说，人们餐桌上每天供应的80% 左右的西瓜都是吴明珠和她的团队60多年努力的结果。此处使用了固定句式：It is fair to do...“做某事是公平的。”it为形式主语，不定式 to do为真正的主语，所以此处填to say。故填to say。
23．考查动名词。句意：经过两年的申请失败后，1955年吴明珠女士实现了她在新疆开始职业生涯的梦想。短语：succeed in doing sth.“成功做某事”，doing为动名词作宾语，结合句中提示，所以此处用realizing，故填realizing。
24．考查反身代词。句意：从那以后，她一直致力于种植甜瓜。当宾语和主语为同一物时，宾语要用反身代词。空处在句中为宾语，和主语意义一致，都表示吴明珠女士，所以此处用反身代词herself，故填herself。
25．考查定语从句。句意：吴女士种植优质甜瓜的努力在1973年得到了回报，那一年她在海南建立了一个淡季种植基地。分析可知，“　5　　she set up an offseason growing base inHainan”为非限制性定语从句，先行词为1973，在从句中作时间状语，所以此处用关系副词when，故填when。
26．考查副词。句意：多年频繁往返于新疆和海南之间，通过反季节种植，吴培育了2万多个中国新种子品种。副词修饰动词，此处用副词修饰动词“going and returning”，故填frequently。
27．考查名词复数。句意：同上。kind“种类”为可数名词，结合前文“more than 20,000”可知，此处指复数含义。故填kinds。
28．考查冠词。句意：1999年她成为中国工程院院士，2004年成为三亚荣誉市民。member“成员”为可数名词，此处为单数含义，结合主语“she”，指她成为了一名中国工程院院士。，member的首个音素为辅音，所以用不定冠词a，故填a。
29．考查形容词。句意：现在她患有老年痴呆