考点04-形容词(核心考点精讲精练)-备战2024年高考英语一轮复习(新高考专用)(学生版).docx

考点04 形容词（核心考点精讲精练）

1. 三年真题考点分布
题型
语法填空
高考考点
介词
新高考I卷
2023
taste--tasty
2022

2021
hot--hotter
新高考II卷
2023
confidence--confident
2022
sleep--asleep
2021

浙江1月高考卷
2023
space -- spacious simple--simpler
2022

2021
small--smaller low--lower

2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】近3年新高考卷对于形容词的考查共计8次，主要考查：
1．其他词转化为形容词的词形转换；
2．形容词的比较级；
3. 形容词的比较句型。
【备考策略】系统归类形容词的词形转换词，尤其注意不规则变化；重熟练掌握形容词比较句型的用法。
【命题预测】
语法填空对形容词的考查仍然会成为高考的重点，主要集中考查形容词的词形转换，形容词的相关句型用法。

考点一 形容词的词形转换
1.形容词的构词规律

类别
例词
词尾加-y
cloud→cloudy, luck→lucky, health→healthy, sleep→sleepy
词尾加-(e)d
gift→gifted, talent→talented, advance→advanced, excite→excited
词尾加­ing
surprise→surprising, convince→convincing, frighten→frightening
词尾加-ful/-less
meaning→meaningful/meaningless, care→careful/careless, help→helpful/helpless, harm→harmful/harmless, home→homeless, colour→colourful/colourless, use→useful/useless, thank→thankful/thankless, peace→peaceful/peaceless
词尾加-able
comfort→comfortable, knowledge→knowledgeable, accept→acceptable, respect→respectable
词尾加-ous
danger→dangerous, courage→courageous, humour→humorous
词尾的-ce变为-t
confidence→confident, difference→different
词尾加-al
music→musical, person→personal, nation→national, education→educational, tradition→traditional
词尾加-ly
friend→friendly, week→weekly, love→lovely
词尾加-en
wood→wooden, wool→woolen
其他常见变化
energy→energetic, fool→foolish, pleasure→pleasant/pleased, science→scientific
以重读闭音节结尾的名词变成形容词时，要双写该辅音字母再加-y(如sun→sunny, fun→funny等)，以e结尾的名词要去掉e再加-y(如noise→noisy, ice→icy, taste→tasty等)
动词词尾加­ive/­ative
attract→attractive, talk→talkative, prevent→preventive, protect→protective
提示　如何区分-ed形容词与-ing形容词
解决此类问题有两个切入点：第一，看语境表示的是“令人……”(-ing)，还是“感到……”(-ed)；第二，看语境说明的是性质特征(-ing)，还是感受(-ed)。具体如下：
(1)-ing型形容词主要用于修饰物或事，表示事物的性质特征，常译为“令人……的”。
(2)-ed型形容词通常用于说明人的感受，常译为“感到……的”，强调人自身的情感波动；修饰事物时，则多修饰smile(微笑), feeling(感觉), appearance(外貌), cry(哭), face(面部表情), voice(声音), mood(情绪), look(表情)等表示人的情绪状况的名词。
2.词形转换的具体总结
形容词后缀
1．形容词后缀-able
(1)能……的；可……的
accept→acceptable　　　 可接受的
adapt→adaptable 能适应的
adjust→adjustable 可调节的
afford→affordable 负担得起的
rely→reliable 可信赖的，可依靠的
特别提醒：词尾的e去还是不去，一定记清楚，考试出错就在一瞬间
change→changeable 易变的
admire→admirable 可钦佩的
believe→believable 可相信的

(2)具有……的特点
enjoy→enjoyable 令人愉快的
suit→suitable 合适的
comfort→comfortable 舒适的
fashion→fashionable 时髦的
reason→reasonable 合理的
特别提醒：词尾的e去还是不去，一定记清楚，考试出错就在一瞬间
value→valuable 有价值的
knowledge→knowledgeable 有丰富知识的，博学的
2．形容词后缀-ful/-less
cheer→cheerful 兴高采烈的
doubt→doubtful 怀疑的
forget→forgetful 健忘的
thought→thoughtful 周到的；深思的
peace→peaceful 和平的
success→successful 成功的
regret→regretful 后悔的
harm→harmful 有害的→harmless 无害的
help→helpful 有帮助的→helpless 无助的；无能的
hope→hopeful 有希望的→hopeless 绝望的
use→useful 有用的→useless 无用的；无效的
power→powerful 强有力的→powerless 无力的
meaning→meaningful 有意义的→meaningless 无意义的
3．形容词后缀-ive/-ative
act→active 积极的；活跃的
attract→attractive 有吸引力的
impress→impressive 给人深刻印象的
instruct→instructive 有教育意义的
create→creative 创造性的
progress→progressive 进步的
talk→talkative 健谈的（别忘了字母a）
effect→effective 有效的
4．形容词后缀-ous（ous还是ious一定要记清楚）
continue→continuous 不断的；持续的
anxiety→anxious 忧虑的
caution→cautious 小心的；谨慎的
curiosity→curious 好奇的
danger→dangerous 危险的
humor→humorous 幽默的
mountain→mountainous 多山的
poison→poisonous 有毒的
ambition→ambitious 有野心的
religion→religious 宗教的
space→spacious 宽敞的；广阔的
5．形容词后缀-ble/-ible
horror→horrible 可怕的；恐怖的
terror→terrible 可怕的；糟糕的
vision→visible 看得见的
access→accessible 容易达到的；容易取得的
6．形容词后缀-y
fog→foggy 多雾的
taste→tasty 美味的；可口的
luck→lucky 幸运的
health→healthy 健康的
dirt→dirty 有灰尘的；脏的
greed→greedy 贪婪的
sun→sunny 阳光明媚的
wealth→wealthy 富裕的；丰富的
7．形容词后缀-al/-ial
culture→cultural 文化的
agriculture→agricultural 农业的
practice→practical 实际的
music→musical 音乐的
origin→original 最初的
person→personal 个人的；私人的
center→central 中央的；中心的
nature→natural 自然的；天生的
tradition→traditional 传统的
option→optional 可选择的，选修的
profession→professional 专业的；职业的
benefit→beneficial 有益的
face→facial 面部的（看起来很简单但很容易错）
industry→industrial 工业的
finance→financial 金融的
8．形容词后缀-ic
science→scientific 科学的
economy→economic 经济的
history→historic 历史上著名的
history→historical 具有重大历史意义的
energy→energetic 精力充沛的
class→classic 经典的
9．形容词后缀-en
wood→wooden 木制的
gold→golden 金色的
wool→wool(l)en 羊毛的
10．形容词后缀-ly
dead→deadly 致命的
live→lively 活跃的
friend→friendly 友好的
year→yearly 每年的
month→monthly 每月的
week→weekly 每周的
day→daily 每日的；日常的
cost→costly 昂贵的
order→orderly 有次序的

（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷 语法填空）Xiao long bao(soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, 56.　　　　　　 (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favourite Chinese street food.

1．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)I'm enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something ________ (use)．
2．(2023·四川省成都市第八中学高三二模)________ (advance) technologies are increasingly playing a major role in Chinese museums.
3．(2023·重庆市第八中学高三检测)“Many people want to lie down because 996 is too ________ (tire)，” she said.
考点二　形容词的比较级和最高级
形容词比较级和最高级的构成(＋­er/­est)转换
以­e结尾
＋­r/­st
late—later—latest
以“辅音字母＋y”结尾
变－y为i，＋­er/­est
early—earlier—earliest
以重读闭音节结尾(末尾只有一个辅音字母)
双写结尾字母＋­er/est
big—bigger—biggest
多音节和部分双音节结尾
前面加more/most
beautiful—more beautiful—most beautiful

[特别注意]　(1)有少数几个双音节形容词，既可以加­er和­est，又可以加more和most构成比较级和最高级。这些双音节词有：common, handsome, quiet, pleasant, cruel, stupid, friendly等。
(2)有些形容词没有程度可分或形容词本身就表示某种程度，因此没有比较级和最高级。这类形容词有：right (正确的), wrong (错误的), excellent (优秀的), possible (可能的), empty (空的), first (第一的), wooden (木制的), final (最后的), east (东方的), last (最后的), favourite (最喜欢的)等。
(3)不规则变化

原级
比较级
最高级
good, well
better
best
bad, badly, ill
worse
worst
many, much
more
most
little
less
least
far
farther(指时间或空间上“更远的”)
farthest(指时间或空间上“最久的；最远的”)
further(指空间距离“更远的”；在更大程度上)
furthest(指空间距离“最远的”；在最大程度上)
old
older/elder
oldest/eldest

形容词的比较级
①If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work，you should take a step back and identify (识别) those of greater and less importance.
如果你因为工作责任而感到有压力的话，那么你应该暂缓一下，识别哪些事情更重要，哪些不太重要。
②The earlier the treatment is given，the better the patient's chances.
病人越早接受治疗，康复的可能性就越大。
③Of the two cameras，I would prefer the smaller one，which is very easy for me to carry.
这两个照相机，我喜欢较小的一个，它便于携带。
考点总结
1．比较级的修饰语常见的有rather，much，still，even，far，any(用于否定句或疑问句)，a lot，a little，a great deal，by far，a bit等。
2．比较级＋than...“比……更”；less...than“不如……”。
3．the＋比较级，the＋比较级“越……，越……”。
4．the＋比较级＋of (the)＋名词/代词“(两者中)较……的”。
形容词的最高级
①The happiest are not those who own all the best things，but those who can appreciate the beauty of life.
最幸福的人不是那些拥有最好的事物的人，而是那些懂得欣赏生活的美好的人。
②This is the best song by far that I've ever heard.
这是我听过的最好听的歌。
③—Are you pleased with what he has done?
—Not a bit.It couldn't be any worse.
——你对他做的事满意吗？
——一点也不满意。他做的事情糟糕透顶。
④I'm sure I was the last person in the word he want to accept assistance from.
我确信在这个世界上，他最不希望接受我的帮助了。
1．三者或三者以上的比较用最高级。
2．最高级的修饰语常见的有序数词，by far，nearly，almost，by no means，not really，not quite，nothing like等。
3．“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级意义。
4．the last表示“最不可能的”“最不适合的”“最不希望的”等。

（2023·1月新高考浙江卷 语法填空）Farther from the center lived the commoners and laborers. Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and ________ (simple)in design and decoration, and the hutongs were narrower.

1．(2023·山西省太原市高三模拟二)Norwegians, by the way, always eat the skin of the fish, which they say is the ________ (tasty) of all.
2．（2023·安徽省蚌埠市第一次教学质量检查）The period of hot days after Start of Autumn, usually lasting for 30 days, is called “Autumn Tiger" or “Indian Summer". Because of decreasing rainfall, it is even ________（hot）during this period than during Major Heat.
3．(2023·山东省济宁市高三检测)Mid­Autumn Festival is one of ________ (important) festivals in Chinese calendar.
4.（2023·江苏省扬州市高邮市第一中学等2校联考）The successful application can further help improve tea’s influence globally. It will not only promote more respect for cultural diversity and human creativity but also will encourage people to pursue ________ (healthy) lifestyles by integrating tea culture into their daily lives.
考点三　倍数表达法
①The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be three times as big as the present one.
为迎接下一届亚运会而正在修建的体育场将是现在的三倍大。
②Smoking is harmful to people's health，killing seven times more people each year than traffic accidents.
吸烟有害健康，每年因抽烟而丧命的人是死于交通事故的7倍多。
③The newly broadened square is four times the size of the previous one.
新扩建的广场是未扩建时的4倍大。
④The price is ten times what it normally is and totally beyond the reach of ordinary people.
这个价格是平时的10倍，一般人根本买不起。
考点总结
表示倍数的几个句型
1．倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as...
2．倍数＋形容词/副词比较级＋than...
3．倍数＋the＋性质名词(size/length/height等)＋of...
4．The＋名词＋be＋倍数＋what从句
5．The＋名词＋be＋倍数＋that/those of...

(2023·河南省九师联盟高三阶段检测)“Figuring it out is 1，000 times ________ (hard) than understanding the physics behind climate changes，” Manabe said.

1.Peter’s jacket looked just the same as Jack’s, but it cost _______ his.
A. as much twice as B. twice as much as
C. much as twice as D. as twice much as
2.At a rough estimate, Nigeria is______Great Britain.
A. three times the size as B.the size three times of
C. three times as the size of D.three times the size of

考点四　形容词比较级的基本句型
形容词比较等级的基本句型
句型（1）：as + adj./ adv.原级 + as  / not as/ so + adj./ adv.原级+as
　注意：当as… as 中间有名词时采用以下格式。
This is as good an example as the other is.
= This is an example as good as the other is.　
句型（2） adj./ adv.比较级+ than / less + adj./ adv.原级+ than
　You are less tall than I.
注意：
比较级后面跟有名词时，有时需要加适当的冠词。
Tom is the taller of the two brothers.
I have never read a better story.
句型（3） the + 最高级 + of/ among+ 同类名词/ in +范围、地点等名词/定语从句(…have ever …)
This cake is the most delicious of all/ in the shop/ I have ever had.
注意：
①当没有比较的范围时，most表示非常,相当于very，此时没有比较概念。例如：
Steel is most useful / a most useful material in industry.
②"否定词语+比较级"，"否定词语+ so… as"结构表示最高级含义。
　　　　　　　 Nothing is so easy as this.
　　　　　　　=Nothing is easier than this.
　　　　　　　=This is the easiest thing.
We couldn’t feel better.
比较等级的修饰语
①强调一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，可在比较级前加表示程度的状语，如even、a lot、a bit、a little、still、much、far、yet、by far等修饰。
注意：by far通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时，一般放在比较级的后面，如在前面，应在二者中间加“the”。
如：He is taller by far than his brother.
He is by far the taller of the two brothers.
②最高级可被序数词以及much、by far、nearly、almost 、by no means、not quite、not really、nothing like等词语所修饰。
③原级可被very, too, so, enough, rather, quite, fairly等等修饰。
句型（4）the+比较级，the+比较级。表示“越…越…”
The more you practise，the better you can understand.你练习的越多你理解的就越透。双方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级 （+ than）”的结构表示。要注意题干中将比较的另一方隐藏起来的情况。
句型（5）表示一方不及另一方时，用“less +原级+than”的结构表示。
如：This room is less beautiful than that one.
句型（6）不与其他事物相比，表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级 + and + 比较级”的结构，意思是“越来越……”。
如：The weather is getting colder and colder.
The girl becomes more and more beautiful.
（8）三者及其以上之间的比较，要用最高级。
（9）否定词+比较级，可以用来表达最高级的意思。如：
I couldn’t agree more.我非常同意。
（10）某些以-ior结尾的形容词进行比较时，用to代替than。这些词有inferior（劣等的，次的）、superior（较好的，优于……）、junior（资历较浅的）、senior（资格较老的）、prior（在……之前）等。
He is superior to Mr. Zhang in chemistry.
（11）用介词by表示相差的程度。
He is taller than I by a head.他比我高一头。
（12）more.., than...表示“如其说……不如说……”。
It is more blue than green.如其说是绿的，不如说是蓝的。

1.（2020年浙江卷1月）The first is declining birthrates, which means old generations are large compared to younger generations, and so, on average, the population becomes _________(old)than before.
2.（2018新课标I卷）According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years __________ (long) than non-runners.

1.（2018年浙江卷）There could be an even _________ (high) cost on your health. Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in weight problems.
2.（2020北京卷）They were much stronger than modern humans, but it's long been assumed that human ancestors were____ ___（smart）than the Neanderthals.
3.（2019新课标I卷）leading to the illusion (错觉) that populations are ________ (high) than they actually are.
考点五 形容词作状语
形容词作状语（读后续写常用句型）
①Having been praised by the teacher，the little girl ran back home，happy and satisfied.
被老师表扬之后，这个小女孩非常高兴，满足地跑回了家。
②Helpless，we watched our home destroyed before our eyes.
我们束手无策，只能眼睁睁地看着自己的家园被毁掉。
③Scared and alone，Joshua one day makes friends with a little mouse he calls Bethlehem who becomes his closest friend.
由于害怕和孤独，一天Joshua和一只被他叫作Bethlehem的小老鼠成为朋友，之后那只小老鼠成为了他最亲密的朋友。

基础过关
（最新模拟试题演练）
1.【2023·粤湘鄂名校联盟高三第一次联考】His ceramic works, both ____43____ (function) and sculptural, are full of elements of fashion, humor, and character painted on with traditional Chinese ink.
2.【2023·河南省安阳市TOP二十名校摸底】Yin is receptive and feminine; while Yang is ____49____(act) and masculine (阳性的). It’s believed that odd (奇数的) numbers belong to yang and even numbers belong to yin.
3.【2023·湖南省益阳市质量检测】Zheng He’s efforts helped develop ____42____ (harmony) relations with these countries and regions, introducing foreign people to Chinese culture, and allowing the Chinese to better understand overseas lands.
4.【2023·内蒙古包头市高三调研】Pablo Picasso was a ____49____ (produce) artist but many of his works were stolen.
5.【2023·江苏省四所名校高三期中联考】His reply to “Can we Chinese possibly make missiles?” was a ____41____(determine) “Why not? We Chinese are able to make the same things that other people make.”
6.【2023·江苏省四所名校高三期中联考】Qian was extremely ____43____(knowledge), especially in the area of frontier science research.
7.【2023`江苏省苏州市常熟市阶段性抽测二】In Chinese art history, Qi Baishi ranks as a ____56____ (tower) figure. His unusual and playful style opened up a new prospect in the imagery of traditional Chinese painting, and has left a rich legacy still widely recognized in modern society.
8.【2023届山西省高三1月适应性调研考试（一模）】The Long March-5 is China’s most ____40____(power) launch vehicle currently in operational service, with a maximum payload capacity of 25 tonnes to low Earth orbit(LEO). It has been used to send China’s three space station modules, weighing about 66 tonnes, into LEO.
9.【2023届浙江省宁波市高三上学期高考与选考模拟】The skilled bamboo craftsmen are recording the daily detailed production process of their handicrafts on social media, which are regarded as a “___38___ (mystery) Chinese power” in the eyes of foreign netizens.
10.【浙江省宁波市镇海中学2022-2023学年高三上学期12月模拟】This is because Qixi carries itself a symbolic meaning: choose your own love and remain _____45_____ (faith) for life.
11.【2023届广西南宁市高三上学期毕业班摸底】After Autumn Equinox, the location of direct sunlight moves to the south, making days shorter and nights ___65___ (long) in the northern hemisphere (半球). In ancient China, people threw arrows into pots to welcome Autumn Equinox.
12.【2023届广西南宁市高三上学期毕业班摸底】The___61___ (tradition) Chinese lunar calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms. More than 2, 000 years ago, ancient Chinese people created this overall framework to mark the annual passage of time based on observations of the sun’s movement.
13.【安徽省蚌埠市2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次教学质量检查】Start of Autumn,（Li Qiu in