高中英语词法之动词基础知识点详解.pdf

1 高中英语词法之动词基础知识点详解高中英语词法之动词基础知识点详解 单选题 1、The city plans to make 50,000 bicycles _ for rent to reduce pollution and ease traffic jams.AconvenientBsuitableCavailableDaccurate 答案：C 解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：该市计划提供 5 万辆自行车供出租，以减少污染和缓解交通堵塞。A.convenient方便的；B.suitable 合适的，适当的；C.available 可获得的，可用的；D.accurate 精确的。根据下文“to reduce pollution and ease traffic jams”可知，该市需要提供 5 万辆自行车进行出租，以此来减少污染和缓解交通堵塞。所以设空处应用 available，短语 available for rent 意为“可供出租的”。故选 C 项。2、Lack of mutual_not only gets in the way of your work,but it can also_your relationships and your self-esteem.Acomment differBrespect damage Cbenefit destroyDexpectation decorate 答案：B 解析：考查动词和名词词义辨析。句意：缺乏相互尊敬不仅会妨碍你的工作，还会损害你的人际关系和自尊。comment“评论”，differ“有区别，有分歧”；respect“尊敬”，damage“损害；伤害”；benefit“益处；好处”，destroy“毁坏”；expectation“期待”，decorate“装饰”。根据句意，相互不尊重会妨碍工作，也会损害人际关系和自尊。故选 B。小提示：3、The athletes years of hard training _ when she finally won the Olympic gold medal.Awent onBended upCgot throughDpaid off 2 答案：D 解析：考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：当她最终赢得了奥运会金牌时，这位运动员多年的艰苦训练终于获得了回报。A.went on 继续（做）；B.ended up 最终，结果；C.got through（设法）处理，完成；D.paid off 得到回报，得到好结果。根据句意可知，这位运动员最终赢得了奥运会金牌，由此可知，她多年的艰苦训练获得了回报，“paid off”意为“得到回报，得到好结果”，符合句意。故选 D 项。4、You have changed so much that I can hardly _you.AdisagreeBswapCconquerDrecognize 答案：D 解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：你已经改变很多了，以至于我都很难认出你了。A.disagree 不同意；B.swap 替换；C.conquer 攻克；D.recognize 认出。根据“You have changed so much”可知，你变化太大了，我认不出你了。故选 D 项。5、_computer games is unhealthy and wastes you lots of time.ABe addicted toBBeing addicted to CBe used toDBeing used to 答案：B 解析：考查动名词和短语辨析。句意：沉迷于电脑游戏是不健康的，会浪费你大量的时间。Be addicted to“沉迷”；be used to“习惯于”。分析句子可知，空处是主语用动名词形式，排除 A、C 项，根据句意，沉迷电脑游戏是不健康的且浪费时间的，用 be addicted to，故选 B。6、It took him about one week to _ how to start the equipment.Afigure outBleave outCstand forDturn round 3 答案：A 解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：他花了大约一周的时间才弄明白如何启动这台设备。A.figure out 弄清楚，解决；B.leave out 遗漏；C.stand for 代表；D.turn round 转身。根据后文“how to start the equipment”指弄明白如何启动这台设备，应用 figure out。故选 A。7、A fire _ in his car,which made it _ on the way.Abroke out;broken downBbroke out;break down Cbroken out;broken downDbroke down;break out 答案：B 解析：考查时态和动词短语辨析。句意：他的车起火了，在路上抛锚了。由上文“A fire”可知，第一空表示着火，应用短语 break out，意为“突然发生；爆发”，句子描述的是过去的事，应用一般过去时，所以第一空应用 broke out；第二空表示“车坏了”，应用固定搭配 break down，意为“（机器、车辆等）发生故障”，且 make sb./sth.do 是固定搭配，表示“使做”，所以第二空应用 break down，故选 B。8、That Peter has spent too much time on novels recently may_ his poor grade in the exam.Aanswer forBstand forCaccount forDapply for 答案：C 解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：Peter 最近在小说上花了太多的时间，这可能是他考试成绩差的原因。A.answer for为负责；B.stand for 代表，象征；C.account for 说明的原因；D.apply for 申请。根据“Peter has spent too much time on novels”可知，花太多时间看小说是成绩差的原因。故选 C。9、Take these pills 3 times a day for 3 days.If the pain continues,_ your doctor.AconfirmBconsultCconvinceDconcern 4 答案：B 解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些药一天 3 次，吃 3 天。如果还疼，咨询你的医生。A.confirm v.证实，确认；B.consult v.咨询；C.convince v.使相信 v.说服；D.concern v.涉及 v.关心。根据句意可知，此处是指“咨询”医生。故选 B。10、Sometimes,the police wear casual clothes to _ special tasks.Acarry offBcarry onCcarry withDcarry out 答案：D 解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：有时，警察穿着便服执行特殊任务。A.carry off 完成；B.carry on 继续；C.carry with 带着；D.carry out 执行。根据后文“special tasks”指执行特殊任务，应用 carry out。故选 D。11、I dont believe what you said,but if you can prove it,you may be able to _ me.AconvinceBconfirmCguaranteeDinform 答案：A 解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不相信你说的话，但如果你能证明的话，也许能说服我。A.convince 说服；B.confirm 确认；C.guarantee 保证；D.inform 告知。根据空前“but if you can prove it”可知，如果你能证明你说的话，你可以说服我，所以空处需用动词 convince。故选 A。12、Zhang Fuqing,a war hero,has kept a low profile and_to his original heart despite the great contributions he has made_the nation for more than 60 years.Astayed true toBstayed put around Cstayed practical forDstayed rooted of 答案：A 5 解析：考查动词短语和介词。句意：张富清，一位战争英雄，尽管 60 多年来为国家做出了巨大贡献，但他一直保持低调，忠于自己的初心。A.stayed true to 始终如一，到；B.stayed put around 保持不动，围绕；C.stayed practical for 保持务实，为了；D.stayed rooted of 保持扎根，的。第一空，结合语意，表示“忠于自己的初心”应用短语 stay true to ones heart，应填 stayed true；第二空，make great contributions to 表示“为做出巨大贡献”，所以空处应填 to。故选 A 项。13、After hours of discussion,they finally _ a good solution.Acame upBcame up withCcame outDcame about 答案：B 解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：经过几个小时的讨论，他们终于想出了一个好办法。A.came up 走近；B.came up with 想出；C.came out 出版；D.came about 产生。根据后文“a good solution”指想出好办法，应用 come up with。故选 B。14、Taking exercise will _ a lot of calories.Acut downBburn outCturn outDburn up 答案：D 解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：锻炼将会消耗许多卡路里。A.cut down 削减，砍伐；B.burn out 燃尽，熄灭；C.turn out 最后是；D.burn up 消耗。由“Taking exercise”可知，锻炼身体将有助于消耗卡路里热量。故选 D 项。15、She was greatly surprised when her brother _ at the door,whom she hadnt seen for years.Apopped upBcarried onCset outDturned over 答案：A 解析：6 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：当她哥哥突然出现在门口时，她感到非常惊讶，她已经多年没见到他了。A.popped up 突然出现；B.carried on 继续；C.set out 出发；D.turned over 反复考虑。根据空后的“whom she hadnt seen for years”可知她已经好多年没见到她的哥哥了，说明她惊讶的原因就是又见到她哥哥了。故选 A。16、Eighty dollars _ enough for the skirt.AisBareChasDhave 答案：A 解析：考查动词词义辨析和主谓一致。句意：买这条裙子要八十美元。be 表示“是”，have 表示“有”，此处表示“是”，排除 C 项和 D 项；主语“Eighty dollars”作为整体，表示单数概念，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故选 A。17、In the face of failure in exams,what we need to do is to _ our learning methods and make some possible adjustments.Apass downBlook onCcomment onDreflect on 答案：D 解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：面对考试的失败，我们需要做的是反思我们的学习方法，并做出一些可能的调整。A.pass down 使流传；B.look on 袖手旁观；C.comment on 评论；D.reflect on 反思。根据句意及常识可知，面对失败，要做的是反思并做出调整。故选 D。18、Dont _ to let me know if there is anything I can do for you.AthrillBhesitateCoweDthreaten 答案：B 解析：考查动词。句意：如果有什么需要我帮忙的，请不要犹豫，尽管告诉我。A.thrill 害怕；B.hesitate 犹豫；C.owe 欠；D.threaten 威胁。根据句意可知，此处表达“有什么困难，尽管找我帮忙，不要犹豫（hesitate）”。固7 定搭配 dont hesitate to do，表示“不要犹豫做”。故选 B 项。19、Without agreed rules to play by,and strict punishments for violations,the financial market would soon _ into utter chaos.AdescendBtrapCreduceDinvolve 答案：A 解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：没有商定的规则可循，没有对违规行为的严厉惩罚，金融市场很快就会陷入混乱。A.下降、陷入（糟糕境地）；B.使落入险境；C.降低、减少；D.包括。此处指金融市场境况变坏，是其本身状态下降，故选 A。20、Some cyclists make the _ that traffic laws do not _ them.It is not true,though.Aassumption;apply toBthought;apply to Cassuming;apply forDidea;apply for 答案：A 解析：考查名词和动词短语辨析。句意：一些骑自行车的人认为交通法规不适用于他们。但事实并非如此。A.assumption 认为；apply to 适用；B.thought 想法；apply to 适用；C.assuming 认为（动名词）；apply for 申请；D.idea 想法；apply for 申请。根据句意，第一空应填名词 assumption“认为”作宾语，that 引导的同位语从句对其进行解释说明；第二空，表示“适用”为固定短语 apply to。故选 A。21、Dont worry!Your missing watch will _ one of these days.Atake upBpick upCbring upDturn up 答案：D 解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：别担心！你丢失的手表总有一天会找到的。A.take up 拿起，开始从事；B.pick up8 捡起；C.bring up 提出，养育；D.turn up 出现。根据上文“Your missing watch will”指丢失的手表出现，应用 turn up。故选 D。22、_ your score and see how many points you get in the final test.AAdd upBAdd toCAdd up toDAdding up 答案：A 解析：考查动词短语辨析和祈使句。句意：把你的分数加起来，看看你在期末考试中得了多少分。此处为祈使句，空处和 see 并列，需填动词原形，排除 D 项；add up 意为“把加起来”；add to 意为“增加”；add up to 意为“合计为”；根据“your score”可知，此处为“把分数加起来”。故选 A。23、As equipment improved,satellites began _ scientists _ weather maps of the entire globe.Aproviding；forBsupplying；forCoffering；withDproviding；with 答案：D 解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：随着设备的改进，人造卫星开始向科学家们提供整个地球的气象图。所给选项都有“提供”的意思，但各词的搭配不一样。A 项应为 provide sth.for sb.；B 项应为 supply sb.with sth.搭配错误；C 项中 offer 是及物动词，后接双宾语，因此应去掉 with。故选 D 项。24、Once he had calmed down he _ to tell us what had happened.AexceededBprocessedCproceededDsucceeded.答案：C 解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：他平静下来后继续告诉我们发生了什么事。A.exceeded 超过；B.processed 处理；C.proceeded 继续；接着做；D.succeeded 成功。根据“calmed down”及“to tell us what had happened”可知，“proceeded 继续；接着做”符合句意。故选 C。9 25、These potential changes in our characters are rather _,so it is clear that we cant neglect those negative impacts of social networks.AappealingBawardingCalarmingDassuming 答案：C 解析：考查形容词、动词词义辨析。句意：我们性格中的这些潜在变化相当令人担忧，所以很明显，我们不能忽视社交网络的负面影响。A.appealing 吸引人的；B.awarding 颁奖；C.alarming 令人担忧的；D.assuming 假定，假设。根据后一句“我们不能忽视社交网络的负面影响”可知，设空处应用 alarming，作表语；前后句为因果关系，状况令人担忧，所以必须重视这社交媒体的负面影响。C 项符合语境。故选 C 项。26、AirAsia,the largest budget carrier in Asia,has _ plans to open over 100 restaurants globally within the next five years.AdeclaredBannouncedCclaimedDaddressed 答案：B 解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：亚洲航空公司，亚洲最大的廉价航空公司，宣布了在未来五年在全球开 100 多家餐馆。A.declared 宣称，断言；B.announced 宣布；C.claimed 声称，断言；D.addressed 演讲，称呼。根据句意可知，此处表示“宣布计划”，用动词 announce。故选 B 项。27、Of the six people injured in the crash,only two _.AcancelledBsurvivedCattractedDpublished 答案：B 解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：在车祸中受伤的六个人中，只有两人幸存。A.cancelled 取消；B.survived 幸存；C.attracted 吸引；D.published 出版。根据句意可知，句中六人在车祸中受伤了，由此可知，句中指受伤的六人10 中只有两人幸存，句子陈述的是过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，动词要用过去式。故选 B 项。28、Why did Nelson Mandela_ violence to make black and white people equal?Alose heartBset upCturn toDput up 答案：C 解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：为什么纳尔逊 曼德拉为了让黑人和白人平等而诉诸暴力？A.lose heart 失去信心；B.set up 建立；C.turn to 求助于；D.put up 张贴。根据句意分析可知，此句应表示“求助于暴力”，所以 turn to 符合题意。故选 C 项。29、Sometimes things dont _ the way we think they are going to,and the ending is often quite surprising.Aturn outBturn upCturn downDturn to 答案：A 解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：有时候，事情并不像我们想象的那样发展，结果往往出人意料。A.turn out 结果是，原来是；B.turn up 出现，调大；C.turn down 拒绝，调小；D.turn to 向（某人）求助。根据“the ending is often quite surprising”可知，事情并不像我们想象的那样发展，turn out 表示“原来是，结果是”，符合题意。故选 A。30、Youd better _ all the needless words in your composition to make it shorter.Across outBput downCcarry onDgive away 答案：A 解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：你最好把作文中所有不必要的字都删去，把它缩短些。A.cross out 删去（字句）；B.put down 放下；C.carry on 继续；D.give away 赠送。根据句中“to make it shorter”可知，为了使作文缩短些，应该是删去文中所有不必要的字，cross out 意为“删去（字句）”，符合句意。故选 A 项。11 31、We _ from his red face that he had been lying.Acame to conclusionBdrew a conclusion Carrived a conclusionDreached to a conclusion 答案：B 解析：考查动词短语。句意：我们从他脸红的脸色中得出结论，他一直在说谎。表示“得出结论”短语为 come to a conclusion 或 draw a conclusion，A 选项缺少冠词，故选 B。32、Though having lived abroad for many years,a lot of Chinese still _ the traditional customs.AperformBpossessCobserveDsupport 答案：C 解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管在国外居住了许多年，许多中国人仍奉行传统的习俗。perform 执行，表演；possess 拥有；observe 遵守，奉行（习俗等）；support 支持。根据空后宾语 the traditional customs 可知此处表示“奉行”，故选 C 项。33、Natural resources are being _ by a growing number of heavy industries as well as the growing population.AassumedBconsumedCresumedDpresumed 答案：B 解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：越来越多的重工业和不断增长的人口正在消耗自然资源。A.assumed 假设；B.consumed 消耗；C.resumed 重新开始；D.presumed 设定。根据主语 Natural resources 可知，consumed“消耗”符合句意。故选 B。小提示：12 34、Ryan saw hundreds of delighted students who had _ to welcome him.Aturn outBwork outCbreak outDlook out 答案：A 解析：考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：Ryan 看到了数百名学生兴高采烈地欢迎他。A.turned out(以某种方式)发生，最后是，出来；B.work out 计算出、解决；C.break out 爆发；D.look out 小心。根据句意可知，此处表达“最后孩子们高兴地出来欢迎他”。故选 A 项。35、We cannot always_ the traditions handed down to us from the past.AestablishBobserveCdonateDforgive 答案：B 解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们不能总是遵守过去传下来的传统。A.establish 建立；B.observe 遵守；C.donate 捐赠；D.forgive 原谅。根据“the traditions handed down to us from the past”可知，此处表示“遵守”，故选B。36、When it comes to the speed of response,a small firm can _a big company.AoutnumberBoutgrowCoutliveDoutdo 答案：D 解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：提到响应的速度，小公司要胜于大公司。A.outnumber 比多；B.outgrow 过度生长；C.outlive 比长寿；D.outdo 胜于。根据句意及空前情态动词 can 可知，此处应填动词原形 outdo，表示“优于、胜于”，故选 D 项。37、After breakfast,I packed up and_ again.13 Aset outBset upCset downDset in 答案：A 解析：考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：早餐后，我收拾好行李，再次出发。A.set out 出发；B.set up 建立；C.set down 记下；D.set in 开始；到来。由上文“After breakfast,I packed up”可知，早餐后，“我”收拾好行李后，再次出发，故选 A。38、I started to _ my daily English learning in my WeChat Moments.Akeep track ofBkeep touch withCkeep away fromDlose track of 答案：A 解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：我开始在微信时刻记录我每天的英语学习情况。A.keep track of 掌握的最新消息；了解的动态；B.keep touch with 和保持联系；C.keep away from（使）不接近；D.lose track of 不了解的情况，不了解的动态。根据 started to“开始”和 my daily English learning 可知，是了解英语学习动态。故选A。39、He had to _ to his wife in order to avoid being overheard by their nosy neighbors.AwhisperBscreamCroarDremark 答案：A 解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了避免被爱管闲事的邻居偷听到，他不得不对妻子耳语。A.whisper 耳语；B.scream 尖叫；C.roar 咆哮；D.remark 评论。根据句意，此处表达“耳语”，前面有 had to，后面接动词原形，whisper to sb.对某人耳语，符合题意。故选 A 项。40、I gave her a ride when her car _ and now she is returning the favour.Abroke downBgave inCgot acrossDshowed up 14 答案：A 解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：她的车抛锚时，我载了她一程，现在她正在报答我。A.broke down（机器）出故障，（车）抛锚，损坏，失败，分解；B.gave in 屈服，让步；C.got across（使）被理解，把讲清楚；D.showed up 出现，露面。根据“I gave her a ride when her car”（我载了她一程）可知“她的车抛锚了”。故选 A。小提示：41、While scientists are finding ways to make batteries smaller,problems can _ when they are much larger and heavier than the devices themselves.AriseBariseCraiseDarouse 答案：B 解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然科学家们正在寻找使电池更小的方法，但当电池比设备本身更大、更重时，问题可能就会出现。A.rise 上升；B.arise 出现；产生；C.raise 抚养；D.arouse 激起。根据 problems 可知，arise“出现；产生”符合句意。故选 B。42、Though technology is used to help us,we should not allow it to take _ our lives.AoverBdownCupDin 答案：A 解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：虽然技术是用来帮助我们的，但我们不应该让它接管我们的生活。A.take over 接管；B.take down 记下；C.take up 占据，拿起；D.take in 吸收，理解。根据后文 our lives 指技术接管生活，应用take over。故选 A。43、Highbrow critics claimed that the programme was“too sophisticated(深奥)”to _ most viewers.Asubscribe toBcontribute toCappeal to 15 答案：C 解析：考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：品味高雅的评论家轻蔑地表示,该节目“太深奥”,对大部分观众没有吸引力。A.subscribe to 订阅；B.contribute to 有助于；C.appeal to 吸引。由“too sophisticated”可知，这个节目“太过复杂”，无法吸引大多数观众，空格处是“吸引”，故选 C。44、Practicing Chinese kung fu can not only _ ones strength,but also develop ones character.Abring upBtake upCbuild upDpull up 答案：C 解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：练习中国功夫不仅可以增强一个人的力量，而且还可以培养一个人的性格。A.bring up 提出，养育；B.take up 开始，从事，占据，拿起；C.build up 增强；D.pull up 停车，拔起。build up ones strength 为固定搭配，意为“增强体力”，此处作句子的谓语。故选 C 项。45、The every mention of Susie made his whole face _.Alight upBspring upCbuild upDbring up 答案：A 解析：考查动词短语。句意：每次提到 Susie 都使他变得开心起来。A.light up 变得开心；B.spring up 跳起；C.build up 建立；D.bring up 养育。根据句意可知，提到 Susie 使他开心。故选 A 项。